| Pascual Madoz | |
| Office: | Prime Minister of Spain |
| Term Start: | 30 September 1868 |
| Term End: | 3 October 1868 |
| Predecessor: | Jose Gutierrez de la Concha |
| Successor: | Francisco Serrano |
| Birth Date: | 17 May 1806 |
| Birth Place: | Pamplona, Kingdom of Spain |
| Death Place: | Genoa, Kingdom of Italy |
| Restingplace: | Montjuïc Cemetery |
| Birthname: | Pascual Madoz Ibáñez |
| Nationality: | Spanish |
| Honorific Prefix: | The Most Excellent |
Pascual Madoz Ibáñez (17 May 1806 - 13 December 1870) was a Spanish politician and statistician.
In early life Madoz was settled in Barcelona, as a writer and journalist. He envisioned the construction of the Vielha tunnel. He joined the Progresista party formed during the First Carlist War, 1833–40. He saw some service against the Carlists; was elected deputy to the Cortes of 1836; took part for Baldomero Espartero, Count of Luchana, and then against him; was imprisoned in 1843; went into exile and returned; was governor of Barcelona in 1854, and minister of finance in 1855; had a large share in secularizing the Church lands; and after the revolution of 1868 was governor of Madrid. He had, however, no great influence as a leader and soon went abroad, dying at Genoa in 1870. He was later interred in the Montjuïc Cemetery in Barcelona.
Madoz was distinguished from most of the politicians of his generation by the fact that in mid-life he compiled what is still a book of value: a geographical, statistical and historical gazetteer or dictionary of localities in Spain and its overseas possessions, Diccionario geográfico, estadístico y histórico de España, y sus posesiones de Ultramar (Madrid, 1848–1850).
In Pamplona there is a street, Calle de Pascual Madoz, named in his honor.