Parvocellular neurosecretory cell explained

Parvocellular neurosecretory cell should not be confused with Parvocellular cell.

Parvocellular neurosecretory cells are small neurons that produce hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones. The cell bodies of these neurons are located in various nuclei of the hypothalamus or in closely related areas of the basal brain, mainly in the medial zone of the hypothalamus.^{[1] [2]} All or most of the axons of the parvocellular neurosecretory cells project to the median eminence, at the base of the brain, where their nerve terminals release the hypothalamic hormones. These hormones are then immediately absorbed into the blood vessels of the hypothalamo-pituitary portal system, which carry them to the anterior pituitary gland, where they regulate the secretion of hormones into the systemic circulation.^{[3] [4]} __TOC__

Types

The parvocellular neurosecretory cells include those that make:

• Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), which acts as the primary regulator of TSH and a regulator of prolactin^[5]
• Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which acts as the primary regulator of ACTH^{[6] [7] [8] [9] [10]}
• Neurotensin, which acts as a regulator of luteinizing hormone and prolactin^{[7] [11]}

See also

• Magnocellular neurosecretory cell
• List of distinct cell types in the adult human body

Notes and References

1. Book: Hall, John E. . Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology . 2021 . Michael E. Hall . 978-0-323-59712-8 . 14th . Philadelphia, PA . 931–932 . 1129099861.
2. Book: Splittgerber, Ryan . Snell's Clinical Neuroanatomy . 2019 . Richard S. Preceded by Snell . 978-1-4963-4675-9 . 8th . Philadelphia . 379–380 . 1045082168.
3. Sawchenko. PE. Evidence for differential regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor and vasopressin immunoreactivities in parvocellular neurosecretory and autonomic-related projections of the paraventricular nucleus.. Brain Research. Dec 29, 1987. 437. 2. 253–63. 3325130. 10.1016/0006-8993(87)91641-6. 38822848.
4. Kovács. KJ. Sawchenko, PE. Sequence of stress-induced alterations in indices of synaptic and transcriptional activation in parvocellular neurosecretory neurons.. The Journal of Neuroscience. January 1996. 16. 1. 262–73. 8613792. 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-01-00262.1996. 6578740. free.
5. Ghamari-Langroudi. M.. Vella, K. R. . Srisai, D. . Sugrue, M. L. . Hollenberg, A. N. . Cone, R. D. . Regulation of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone-Expressing Neurons in Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus by Signals of Adiposity. Molecular Endocrinology. 13 October 2010. 24. 12. 2366–2381. 10.1210/me.2010-0203. 20943814 . 2999480.
6. Lennard. DE. Eckert, WA . Merchenthaler, I . Corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the paraventricular nucleus project to the external zone of the median eminence: a study combining retrograde labeling with immunocytochemistry.. Journal of Neuroendocrinology. April 1993. 5. 2. 175–81. 8485552. 10.1111/j.1365-2826.1993.tb00378.x. 9640772.
7. Sawchenko. PE. Swanson, LW . Vale, WW . Co-expression of corticotropin-releasing factor and vasopressin immunoreactivity in parvocellular neurosecretory neurons of the adrenalectomized rat.. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. March 1984. 81. 6. 1883–7. 6369332. 10.1073/pnas.81.6.1883. 345027. 1984PNAS...81.1883S. free.
8. Horn. A. M.. Robinson, I. C. A. F. . Fink, G. . Oxytocin and vasopressin in rat hypophysial portal blood: experimental studies in normal and Brattleboro rats. Journal of Endocrinology. 1 February 1985. 104. 2. 211–NP. 10.1677/joe.0.1040211. 3968510.
9. Freeman. ME. Kanyicska, B . Lerant, A . Nagy, G . Prolactin: structure, function, and regulation of secretion.. Physiological Reviews. October 2000. 80. 4. 1523–631. 11015620. 10.1152/physrev.2000.80.4.1523.
10. Johnston. CA. Negro-Vilar, A. Role of oxytocin on prolactin secretion during proestrus and in different physiological or pharmacological paradigms.. Endocrinology. January 1988. 122. 1. 341–50. 3335212. 10.1210/endo-122-1-341.
11. Watanobe. H. Takebe, K. In vivo release of neurotensin from the median eminence of ovariectomized estrogen-primed rats as estimated by push-pull perfusion: correlation with luteinizing hormone and prolactin surges.. Neuroendocrinology. April 1993. 57. 4. 760–4. 8367038. 10.1159/000126434.