Parnassiinae Explained

The Parnassiinae or snow Apollos are a subfamily of the swallowtail butterfly family, Papilionidae. The subfamily includes about 50 medium-sized, white or yellow species.^[1] The snow Apollos are high-altitude butterflies and are distributed across Asia, Europe and North America.^[2]

Tribes

This subfamily consists of the following tribes:

• Luehdorfiini
• Parnassiini
• Zerynthiini

References

1. The Butterflies of North America, James A. Scott,, 1986
2. Ackery PR (1975) A guide to the genera and species of Parnassiinae (Lepidoptera:Papilionidae). Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 31, 4 pdf

Further reading

• Glassberg, Jeffrey Butterflies through Binoculars, The West (2001)
• Guppy, Crispin S. and Shepard, Jon H. Butterflies of British Columbia (2001)
• James, David G. and Nunnallee, David Life Histories of Cascadia Butterflies (2011)
• Pelham, Jonathan Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada (2008)
• Pyle, Robert Michael The Butterflies of Cascadia (2002)

External links

• Tree of Life Parnassiinae
• Fauna Europaea
• Parnassius gallery
• Butterflies and Moths of North America
• Butterflies of America