Sean Parker Explained

Sean Parker
Birth Name:Sean Parker
Birth Date:3 December 1979[1]
Birth Place:Herndon, Virginia, U.S.
Education:Oakton High School
Chantilly High School
Occupation:Entrepreneur, investor
Known For:Managing Partner at The Founders Fund
Co-founder of Plaxo, Napster, Airtime, and Causes
President of Facebook
Chairman of the Parker Foundation
Children:2

Sean Parker (born December 3, 1979) is an American entrepreneur and philanthropist, most notable for co-founding the file-sharing computer service Napster, and was the first president of the social networking website Facebook. He also co-founded Plaxo, Causes, Airtime.com, and Brigade, an online platform for civic engagement.[2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] He is the founder and chairman of the Parker Foundation, which focuses on life sciences, global public health, and civic engagement.[8] On the Forbes 2022 list of the world's billionaires, he was ranked No. 1,096 with a net worth of US$2.8 billion.[9]

Early life

Parker was born in Herndon, Virginia, to Diane Parker, a TV advertising broker, and Bruce Parker, a U.S. government oceanographer and chief scientist at NOAA.[10] When Parker was seven, his father taught him how to program on an Atari 800. Parker's father, who put his family before his entrepreneurial dreams, told Parker, "if you are going to take risks, take them early before you have a family."[11] In his teens, Parker's hobbies were hacking and programming. One night, while hacking into the network of a Fortune 500 company, Parker was unable to log out after his father confiscated his computer keyboard. Because his IP address was exposed, FBI agents tracked down the 16-year-old. Since Parker was under 18, he was sentenced to community service.

Education

Parker attended Oakton High School in Fairfax County, Virginia for two years before transferring to Chantilly High School in 1996 for his junior and senior years.[12] While there, Parker wrote a letter to the school administration and persuaded them to count the time he spent coding in the computer lab as a foreign language class. Consequently, towards the end of Parker's senior year at Chantilly, he was mostly writing code and starting companies. He graduated in 1998. While still in high school, he interned for Mark Pincus (who would later become the CEO of Zynga) at Pincus's Washington, DC startup FreeLoader.[13] He won the Virginia state computer science fair for developing a web crawler, and was recruited by the CIA. By his senior year of high school, Parker was earning more than $80,000 a year through various projects, enough to convince his parents to allow him to skip college and pursue a career as an entrepreneur.

In his childhood, Parker was an avid reader, which was the beginning of his lifelong autodidacticism.[14] Several media profiles refer to Parker as a genius.[15] [16] [17] [18] [19] He considers his time at Napster to be his college education, calling it "Napster University", since he became well-versed in intellectual property law, corporate finance, and entrepreneurship.[20]

Ventures

Napster

When Parker was 15, he met 14-year-old Shawn Fanning over the Internet, where the pair bonded over topics such as programming, theoretical physics and hacking.[21] A few years later, Parker and Fanning, a student at Northeastern University, cofounded Napster, a free file-sharing service for music. Parker raised the initial $50,000, and they launched Napster in June 1999.[22] Within a year, the service had tens of millions of users. Napster was opposed by recording labels, the Recording Industry Association of America, and the heavy metal band Metallica, among others. Lawsuits by various industry associations eventually shut down the service.[23] [24] Napster has been called the fastest-growing business of all time, is credited with revolutionizing the music industry, and is considered by some to be a precursor to iTunes.[25] [26] [27] [28] [29]

Plaxo

In November 2002, Parker launched Plaxo, an online address book and social networking service that integrated with Microsoft Outlook.[30] Plaxo was an early social networking tool, which later influenced the growth of companies LinkedIn, Zynga, and Facebook.[31] Plaxo was one of the first products to build virality into its launch, and that earned it 20 million users.[32] [33] Two years after founding Plaxo, Parker was ousted by the company's financiers, Sequoia Capital and Ram Shriram, in an acrimonious exit that reportedly involved the investors hiring private investigators to follow him.[34] [35]

Facebook

In 2004, Parker saw a site called "The Facebook" on the computer of his roommate's girlfriend, who was a student at Stanford. Parker had experience in the social networking industry as an early advisor to Friendster and its founder, Jonathan Abrams, for which he was given a small amount of stock in 2003.[36] Parker met with Mark Zuckerberg and Eduardo Saverin, and a few months later joined the five-month-old company as its president. According to Peter Thiel, Parker was the first to see potential in the company to be "really big", and that "if Mark ever had any second thoughts, Sean was the one who cut that off".

As president, Parker brought on Thiel as Facebook's first investor. In the initial round of funding, he negotiated for Zuckerberg to retain three of Facebook's five board seats, which gave Zuckerberg control of the company and allowed Facebook the freedom to remain a private company. Additionally, Parker is said to have championed Facebook's clean user interface and developed its photo-sharing function.[37] [38] Zuckerberg notes that "Sean was pivotal in helping Facebook transform from a college project into a real company."

During a party in 2005, police entered and searched a vacation home Parker was renting and found cocaine. Parker was arrested on suspicion of drug possession but was not charged. This event caused Facebook investors to pressure Parker into resigning as president.[39] However, after stepping down, Parker continued to remain involved with Facebook's growth, and met regularly with Zuckerberg.[40] The event was later dramatized in the movie The Social Network.[41]

In 2017, during an interview with Axios, Parker expressed concerns about the role of Facebook in society, saying that it "exploit[s] a vulnerability in human psychology" as it creates a "social-validation feedback loop". Parker stated that he was "something of a conscientious objector" to using social media.[42]

Founders Fund

In 2006, Parker became a managing partner at Founders Fund, a San Francisco-based venture-capital fund founded by Peter Thiel.[43] Founders Fund is focused on investing in early-stage companies, has $500 million in aggregate capital, and has invested in Quantcast, Path, and Knewton.[44] Parker was given carte blanche by Thiel when finding investments.[45] In 2014, Parker stepped down from his role at Founders Fund to focus on other projects.[46] Parker has also hosted The TechFellow Awards, a partnership between TechCrunch and Founders Fund that annually gives 20 entrepreneurs $100,000 each to invest in startups.[47] [48]

Spotify

While working at Founders Fund, Parker had been looking to invest in a company that could further Napster's music-sharing mission legally. In 2009, a friend showed him Spotify, a Swedish music-streaming service, and Parker sent an email to Spotify's founder Daniel Ek.[49] The pair traded emails, and in 2010 Parker invested US$15 million in Spotify.[50] [51] Parker, who was on Spotify's board until 2017, negotiated with Warner and Universal on Spotify's behalf, and in July 2011, Spotify announced its U.S. launch.[52] At Facebook's f8 conference that year, Parker announced a partnership between Facebook and Spotify, which allowed users to share their Spotify playlists on their Facebook profiles.[53]

Brigade Media

In April 2014, Parker announced his backing of a new initiative called Brigade, an online platform for civic engagement to "combat a lack of political engagement and interest in all levels of government across America."[54] Parker is the Executive Chairman of Brigade.[55] The initial round of funding was $9.3 million from Parker, with additional sums from other investors.[56] In 2014, Brigade acquired Causes, an online platform for social impact and political activism. Causes had in 2013 acquired Votizen, a political advocacy startup.[57] Parker and The Founders Fund were a part of Votizen's $1.5 million funding round in 2010,[58] and Parker was on the board of directors. He has stated, "Politics for me is the most obvious area [to be disrupted by the Web]."[59]

Philanthropy

Since 2005, Parker has been an active donor to cancer research, global public health and civic engagement. In 2012, he pledged a $5 million grant to Stand Up to Cancer and the Cancer Research Institute to create the Immunotherapy Dream Team, uniting laboratory and clinical efforts that will lead to the immunological treatment, control and prevention of cancer.[60] In December 2014, Parker pledged $24 million to create the Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy Research at Stanford.[61] [62] In 2015, he made a $4.5 million grant to support the Malaria Elimination Initiative at the University of California San Francisco's Global Health Group,[63] and a $10 million grant to create the Sean N. Parker Autoimmune Research Laboratory at UCSF.[64]

Parker is an active supporter of groups including Code for America, Stand Up To Cancer, the Cancer Research Institute, Malaria No More, the Clinton Foundation, ONE, and the "" campaign.[65] [66]

In 2007, Parker founded Causes, originally one of the earliest Facebook applications, as a philanthropic service that uses social media to connect charities with their supporters and potential donors and then communicates that connection to the user's network of friends.[67] By 2013, 186 million people had joined Causes, donating over $50 million to 60,000 non-profits.[68] [69]

Parker Foundation

In June 2015, Parker announced[70] a $600 million contribution to launch the Parker Foundation, which focuses on three areas - life sciences, global public health, and civic engagement.[71] [72] It takes an interdisciplinary approach to large-scale challenges, combining insight, capital, science and technology, organization building, and public policy.

Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy

Parker donated $250 million to create the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, in April 2016. The funds initially went to over 300 scientists at 40 laboratories, in six institutions.[73]

Starting in 2016, the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy scientists funded a clinical trial to test the next wave of cancer-fighting T-cells engineered using the CRISPR gene-editing technology.[74] The trial was the first in the United States to test CRISPR-modified cells in humans.[75] The trial is led by the University of Pennsylvania and is also conducted at University of California, San Francisco and the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.[75]

In November 2017, Science published a study from Parker Institute researchers at MD Anderson Cancer Center showing that melanoma patients who have specific types of bacteria and greater microbial diversity in their gut microbiome responded better to an anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor versus those with less diversity.[76] Based on this work, the Parker Institute is collaborating with MD Anderson and industry partner Seres Therapeutics to launch a microbiome-cancer immunotherapy clinical trial for advanced melanoma patients.[76]

Board memberships

Parker is on the boards of these nonprofits:

Awards

In February 2015, Parker was ranked number five on the Chronicle of Philanthropy's 2014 Philanthropy 50 list.[82] In August 2018, Parker was nominated as a Wired "Icon" along with Alex Marson for his research in DNA programming and genome editing in the fight against cancer.[83] He's also been named one of Town and Countrys Top 50 Philanthropists and was named in Time's Healthcare 50 for his work in connecting cancer research.[84] [85] In 2016, he was given the Pontifical Key Philanthropy Award by Cardinal Gianfranco Ravasi at the Vatican for his cancer work.[86]

Political donations and activism

Parker has made substantial donations to both sides of U.S. party politics; his allegedly "nonpartisan" approach favors contributions to "elected officials who have shown themselves willing to work across the aisle".[87] He favored Democrats and progressive causes such as campaign finance reform[88] and gun control;[89] he has spoken out in favor of higher taxes, particularly for the "wealthy and super wealthy", and in favor of higher capital-gains taxes. Parker has also supported middle-of-the-road Republican candidates and super PACs, favoring "economically moderate" conservatives and candidates with a demonstrated interest in compromise and deal-making. In Washington, DC, he has met with Republican lawmakers about ways of encouraging economic investment in struggling areas of the country.[90] [91] He has also supported cannabis law reform[92] and in 2010, following the example of donations by Facebook co-founder Dustin Moskovitz (totaling $70,000) donated $100,000 to the 2010 California Proposition 19 campaign to legalize marijuana in that state[93] and $400,000 to the Democratic Party backed 2016 California Proposition 63 campaign to require background checks for all ammunition purchases.[94] Parker will donate $250 million to launch a new institute aimed at developing more effective cancer treatments by fostering collaboration among leading researchers in the field.[95] For the 2016 presidential election, Parker created a social ballot guide for voters to help each other pledge to vote.[96]

Parker was also a driving force behind the Opportunity Zones provision in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, which are designed to incentivize investments in struggling American communities.[97] In 2015, the Economic Innovation Group, which Parker co-founded, published a whitepaper on the idea of opportunity zones, and in 2017, a bill passing them into law was shepherded by a bi-partisan coalition involving Senator Cory Booker and Senator Tim Scott.[98] [99]

In popular culture

Parker was portrayed by Justin Timberlake in the 2010 film The Social Network. The movie is an account of Facebook's founding and early days.[100] [101] [102]

Although Parker praised David Fincher as a director, many have remarked on the differences between Parker and his portrayal by Timberlake.[103] [104] Former Facebook growth chief Chamath Palihapitiya noted that Parker is "really the exact opposite of his portrayal in the film". Parker called the character a "morally reprehensible human being", although he noted, "it's hard to complain about being played by a sex symbol".[105] Additionally, Parker took issue with the movie's version of Eduardo Saverin's exit from Facebook as it paralleled his own exit from Plaxo.

In 2011, Parker was a guest on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon, featured on the cover of the Forbes 400 issue, and was profiled in Vanity Fair.[106] [107]

In 2020, Parker appeared in The Social Dilemma.

Personal life

In 2011, Parker became engaged to Alexandra Lenas, a singer-songwriter, and they were married in 2013.[108] They have a daughter and a son.[109] [110]

Big Sur wedding

On June 1, 2013, Parker married Alexandra Lenas in Big Sur, California, in a wedding at which every guest was given a The Lord of the Rings–style costume. The wedding purportedly cost $10 million to stage,[111] although Parker describes this estimate as "WAY off base".[112]

The wedding was the subject of an article in The Atlantic alleging environmental damage to the redwood forest,[113] to which Parker responded by highlighting his cooperation with the Save the Redwoods League throughout. A required permit was not obtained. In addition, the venue from which he hired the space was not permitted to be closed to the public. A California Coastal Commission spokesperson said "Mr Parker, in essence, leased an ongoing Coastal Act violation when he leased the campground."[114] As part of the settlement with the commission, Parker gave $2.5 million and created a beach-mapping app.[115] Former Coastal Commissioner Assemblyman Mark Stone said, "To be able to put money back into the same community that cares so much about coastal resources is a very positive thing."[116]

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: Sean Parker biography. The Biography Channel. April 6, 2014. December 2, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181202155127/https://www.biography.com/people/sean-parker-20906371?page=1. live.
  2. Bertoni, Steven. Sean Parker: Agent of Disruption . Forbes. September 21, 2011.
  3. Kirkpatrick, David. With a Little Help From His Friends . Vanity Fair. October 2010.
  4. Tsukayama, Hayley. Sean Parker says online music is finally social . The Washington Post. July 14, 2011.
  5. Adegoke, Yinka. Napster founders reunite with social video service . Reuters. June 5, 2012.
  6. News: Firm Lets Others Choose Start-Ups . Vascellaro, Jessica E. . April 16, 2009 . . May 18, 2009 . September 25, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130925093219/http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123984100075223223.html . live .
  7. Web site: Sean Parker unveils social network for politics . POLITICO . June 17, 2015 . November 17, 2015 . April 13, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190413172615/https://www.politico.com/story/2015/06/brigade-politics-social-network-sean-parker-119108 . live .
  8. Web site: The Parker Foundation . Parker.org . November 17, 2015 . February 9, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170209190136/http://parker.org/about . live .
  9. Web site: The World's Billionaires (2022 ranking): #1096 Sean Parker . . May 20, 2022 .
  10. News: Founders Fund hires Sean Parker as partner, to launch second fund . Marshall, Matt . December 12, 2006 . Venture Beat . May 18, 2009 . July 20, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090720042845/http://venturebeat.com/2006/12/12/founders-fund-hires-edgy-sean-parker-as-partner-to-launch-second-fund . live .
  11. Web site: Gapper . John . Lunch with the FT: Sean Parker – FT.com – March 4, 2011 6:41 pm Gapper, John . FT.com . March 4, 2011 . August 2, 2013 . September 1, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160901062844/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/8383ab06-45e3-11e0-acd8-00144feab49a.html . live .
  12. Web site: Genius from Class '96 . February 20, 2011 . October 6, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101006013830/http://www.connectionnewspapers.com/articleprint.asp?article=311523&paper=63&cat=104 . live .
  13. Tsotsis, Alexia. Mark Pincus Used To Be Sean Parker's Boss . TechCrunch. October 18, 2011.
  14. News: The Strange Web Genius of Sean Parker . DealBook . September 7, 2010 . . October 30, 2014 . September 30, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180930033634/https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2010/09/07/the-strange-web-genius-of-sean-parker/ . live .
  15. Estes, Adam Clark. The Overripe Fruits of Sean Parker's Labor on Twitter . The Atlantic. October 27, 2011.
  16. Gastaldo, Evann. Meet Facebook 'Genius' Sean Parker . Newser. September 8, 2010.
  17. Bertoni, Steven. Sean Parker: Agent of Disruption . Forbes. September 21, 2011. "Question the audiophile about the best brand of headphones and you first learn how sound waves are registered by our tympanic membranes."
  18. Kirkpatrick, David . With a Little Help From His Friends . Vanity Fair . July 1, 2011 . October 2010 . October 30, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141030184852/http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2010/10/sean-parker-201010?currentPage=all . live . "There is hardly a topic—literary, political, medical, or technological—about which he cannot offer an informed and nuanced opinion in his rapid-fire patter. (Don't get him started on Ben Franklin's role as a media pioneer.)"
  19. Kirkpatrick, David . With a Little Help From His Friends . Vanity Fair . July 1, 2011 . October 2010 . October 30, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141030184852/http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2010/10/sean-parker-201010?currentPage=all . live . "He's always talking about the potential of computers to generate algorithms for likeable melodies, and we have this ongoing argument: he believes it's only a matter of time before computers will be able to create listenable tunes."
  20. Bertoni, Steven. Sean Parker: Agent of Disruption . Forbes. September 21, 2011. "I kind of refer to it as Napster University—it was a crash course in intellectual property law, corporate finance, entrepreneurship, and law school. Some of the e-mails I wrote when I was just a kid who didn't know what he was doing are apparently in [law school] textbooks."
  21. Levy, Steven. The Noisy War Over Napster . The Daily Beast. June 4, 2000.
  22. Rosoff, Matt. Sean Parker: Yes, My New Startup Is Called Airtime . Business Insider. October 17, 2011.
  23. News: Napster shut down . BBC News . July 27, 2000 . May 18, 2009 . January 11, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090111205638/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/852283.stm . live .
  24. News: Napster must stay shut down . BBC News . March 26, 2002 . May 18, 2009.
  25. Pruitt, Scarlett. Napster's Legacy Lives On . PC World. September 6, 2002.
  26. Waters, Darren. Napster's legacy lives on . BBC News.
  27. Cooper, Charles. Perspective: Apple and the legacy of Napster . CNET. August 6, 2004.
  28. https://www.forbes.com/2003/05/28/0528mennchat.html Napster's Rise and Fall--And Its Future
  29. Konrad, Rachel. Napster among fastest-growing Net technologies . CNET. October 5, 2000.
  30. Napster Co-Founder's New Venture . Jardin, Xeni . November 12, 2002 . . May 18, 2009 . April 16, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160416073731/http://archive.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2002/11/56322 . live .
  31. Bertoni, Steven. Sean Parker: Agent of Disruption . Forbes. September 21, 2011. "It sounds boring compared to Napster and Facebook, but Plaxo was an early social networking tool and a pioneer of the types of viral tricks that helped grow LinkedIn, Zynga, and Facebook. "Plaxo is like the indie band that the public doesn't know but was really influential with other musicians," Parker says."
  32. http://hothardware.com/News/Comcast_to_Buy_Plaxo/ Comcast to Buy Plaxo
  33. Kalyanam, Kirthi; Shelby McIntyre, J Todd Masonis (2007). Adaptive experimentation in interactive marketing: The case of viral marketing at Plaxo . Journal of Interactive Marketing.
  34. News: Founders Fund hires Sean Parker as a partner, to launch second fund . Marshall, Matt . December 12, 2006 . Venture Beat . May 18, 2009 . July 20, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090720042845/http://venturebeat.com/2006/12/12/founders-fund-hires-edgy-sean-parker-as-partner-to-launch-second-fund . live . "During the post-bubble downturn, Parker got pushed out by Sequoia Capital and Ram Shriram, and there's been silence over the real reasons ever since. There were reports of private investigators going after Parker."
  35. Kirkpatrick, David. The Facebook Effect: The Inside Story of the Company That Is Connecting the World. Simon & Schuster, May 3, 2011. "Finally they booted him out. In the end, they even hired a private investigator to document his alleged misbehaviour.
  36. Book: Kirkpatrick, David. The Facebook Effect: The Inside Story of the Company That Is Connecting the World . . February 2010 . 978-1-4391-0211-4.
  37. Bertoni, Steven. Sean Parker: Agent of Disruption . Forbes. September 21, 2011. "Facebook's key architect, Parker helped drive Facebook's minimalist look. He was adamant that the site have a continuous flow and tasks like adding friends to be as frictionless as possible."
  38. http://www.web2summit.com/web2011/public/schedule/speaker/61525 Sean Parker: Managing Partner, Founders Fund
  39. Eaton, Kit. Why You Should Care About Sean Parker: The Man Behind Napster, Facebook, and Chatroulette . Fast Company. September 8, 2010.
  40. Kirkpatrick, David . With a Little Help From His Friends . Vanity Fair . July 1, 2011 . October 2010 . October 30, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141030184852/http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2010/10/sean-parker-201010?currentPage=all . live . "I don't think Sean ever really left Facebook", said board member Thiel. "He's continued to be involved in many ways."
  41. Marikar, Sheila. Justin Timberlake: From Boy Band Heartthrob to Modern Day Renaissance Man . ABC News. September 30, 2010.
  42. Former Facebook executive: social media is ripping society apart , Opinion, The Guardian, December 13 update, 2017
  43. Blattberg, Eric. The Many Hats of Sean Parker . Wired. June 22, 2011.
  44. Guynn, Jessica. Facebook backer now a rival to venture capitalists. The Los Angeles Times. December 18, 2007.
  45. News: Founders Fund hires Sean Parker as a partner, to launch second fund . Marshall, Matt . December 12, 2006 . Venture Beat . May 18, 2009 . July 20, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090720042845/http://venturebeat.com/2006/12/12/founders-fund-hires-edgy-sean-parker-as-partner-to-launch-second-fund . live . "At Founders Fund, Thiel is focused on investing in early-stage companies, and he's given Parker a carte blanche to find the best companies he can, Thiel says."
  46. Web site: Sean Parker Leaves Founders Fund . TechCrunch . November 17, 2015 . Alex . Wilhelm . March 6, 2014 . January 23, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180123190805/https://techcrunch.com/2014/03/06/sean-parker-leaves-founders-fund/ . live .
  47. Hoge, Patrick. Sean Parker hosts TechFellow awards . San Francisco Business Times. December 3, 2010
  48. Arrington, Michael. Announcing The TechFellow Awards With Founders Fund . TechCrunch. April 16, 2009.
  49. Web site: You have to see this email from Sean Parker in 2009 pitching his interest in Spotify . The Next Web . The Next Web, Inc . June 28, 2013 . Paul Sawers . October 7, 2011 . September 5, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170905100440/https://thenextweb.com/entrepreneur/2011/10/07/you-have-to-see-this-email-from-sean-parker-in-2009-pitching-his-interest-in-spotify/ . live .
  50. Steven Levy on Facebook, Spotify and the Future of Music . Wired . June 28, 2013 . Steven Levy . October 21, 2011 . March 22, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140322050103/http://www.wired.com/magazine/2011/10/ff_music/all/1 . live .
  51. News: Sean Parker: War on Music Piracy is a Failure . June 28, 2013 . CBS News . October 22, 2010 . October 13, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131013124559/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-501465_162-20020470-501465.html . live .
  52. News: Internet pioneer Sean Parker: 'I'm blazing a new path' . June 28, 2013 . CNN . September 27, 2011 . Dan Simon . March 4, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304101900/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/09/27/tech/social-media/adventures-sean-parker/index.html?_s=PM:TECH . live .
  53. Web site: Killers, Snoop Dogg, Jane's Addiction Rock Sean Parker's f8 Conference/Party . BillboardBiz . Billboard . June 28, 2013 . September 23, 2011 . May 27, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180527035946/https://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/1166915/killers-snoop-dogg-janes-addiction-rock-sean-parkers-f8-conferenceparty . live .
  54. News: Napster co-founder Sean Parker to lead civic startup . April 14, 2014 . . April 21, 2014 . May 10, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150510100203/http://www.politico.com/story/2014/04/napster-co-founder-sean-parker-startup-brigade-105673.html . live .
  55. Web site: Our Team . Brigade . November 17, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151118172633/https://www.brigade.com/team . November 18, 2015 . dead.
  56. News: Brigade Media Raises $9.3M From Sean Parker To Shake Up American Democracy . April 14, 2014 . . April 21, 2014 . March 13, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190313233037/https://techcrunch.com/2014/04/14/brigade-media-raises-9-3m-from-sean-parker-to-shake-up-american-democracy/ . live .
  57. Web site: Sean Parker's Brigade Media Acquires Causes In Its Quest To Revitalize American Democracy . TechCrunch . November 17, 2015 . Alex . Wilhelm . June 11, 2014 . July 16, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170716115502/https://techcrunch.com/2014/06/11/sean-parkers-brigade-media-acquires-causes-in-its-quest-to-revitalize-american-democracy/ . live .
  58. Web site: Kincaid . Jason . Votizen Raises $1.5 Million To Make Sure Government Representatives Hear Your Voice . September 23, 2010 . TechCrunch . June 25, 2017 . May 2, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190502172125/https://techcrunch.com/2010/09/23/votizen-raises-1-5-million-to-make-sure-government-representatives-hear-your-voice/ . live .
  59. Web site: Simonite . Tom . Five Interesting Things Sean Parker Said Yesterday . MIT . December 4, 2011 . June 4, 2012 . https://archive.today/20120604042359/http://www.technologyreview.com/blog/editors/27347/ . live .
  60. Web site: Stand Up To Cancer — SU2C and CRI Announce New Immunology Translational Research Dream Team . Stand Up To Cancer . November 17, 2015 . October 9, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161009150308/http://www.standup2cancer.org/press_release/view/su2c_and_cri_announce_new_immunology_translational_research_dream_team . live .
  61. Web site: Sean Parker Pledges $24 Million Toward A Stanford Allergy Research Center In His Name . TechCrunch . November 17, 2015 . Sarah . Buhr . December 17, 2014 . September 25, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170925123241/https://techcrunch.com/2014/12/17/sean-parker-pledges-24-million-toward-a-stanford-allergy-research-center-in-his-name/ . live .
  62. Web site: Sean Parker donates $24 million to Stanford for allergy research . SFGate . December 17, 2014 . November 17, 2015 . July 30, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180730080405/https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Sean-Parker-donates-25-million-to-Stanford-for-5961555.php . live .
  63. Web site: Entrepreneur gives UCSF $4.5 million to combat malaria . SFGate . June 17, 2015 . November 17, 2015.
  64. Web site: Sean Parker Grants $10 Million To Aid Radical Autoimmune Research For Type 1 Diabetes . TechCrunch . November 17, 2015 . Sarah . Buhr . November 17, 2015 . September 25, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170925081919/https://techcrunch.com/2015/11/17/sean-parker-grants-10-million-to-aid-radical-autoimmune-research-for-type-1-diabetes/ . live .
  65. Arrington, Michael. Venture Capitalists Ron Conway And Sean Parker Battle For Charity . TechCrunch. December 12, 2009.
  66. Bowe, Rebecca. Sean Parker: "I am paying far too little in taxes" . San Francisco Bay Guardian. October 26, 2011.
  67. MacMillan, Douglas. Philanthropy: Causes, the Socially Conscious Network . Bloomberg Business. October 21, 2010.
  68. Stone, Brad. Clicking for a Cause . The New York Times. November 11, 2009.
  69. Web site: Causes Acquires Votizen To Democratize Democracy . TechCrunch . November 17, 2015 . Josh . Constine . January 10, 2013 . August 12, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170812202503/https://techcrunch.com/2013/01/10/causes-acquires-votizen/ . live .
  70. News: Sean Parker: Philanthropy for Hackers . The Wall Street Journal . November 17, 2015 . 0099-9660 . Sean . Parker . January 3, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190103222021/https://www.wsj.com/articles/sean-parker-philanthropy-for-hackers-1435345787 . live .
  71. Web site: Sean Parker Outlines Big Plans for His $600-Million Foundation . The Chronicle of Philanthropy . June 24, 2015 . November 17, 2015 . July 2, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170702201224/https://www.philanthropy.com/article/Sean-Parker-Outlines-Big-Plans/231105 . live .
  72. News: Sean Parker Seeks a New Approach to Charity . The New York Times . June 23, 2015 . November 17, 2015 . 0362-4331 . Michael J. De La . Merced . February 14, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180214073916/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/24/business/dealbook/a-tech-billionaire-seeks-a-new-approach-to-charity.html . live .
  73. News: Eunjung . Ariana . $250 million, 300 scientists and 40 labs: Sean Parker's revolutionary project to 'solve' cancer . The Washington Post . April 13, 2016 . May 4, 2017 . April 25, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190425064850/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2016/04/13/250-million-300-scientists-and-40-labs-sean-parkers-revolutionary-project-to-solve-cancer/ . live .
  74. Web site: LORENZETTI. LAURA. Sean Parker Is Funding the First Human Trials of a Revolutionary Cancer Treatment. Fortune. February 14, 2018. February 14, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180214142015/http://fortune.com/2016/06/21/sean-parker-first-crispr-trial/. live.
  75. Web site: Regalado. Antonio. Money Behind First CRISPR Test? It's from Internet Billionaire Sean Parker. MIT Technology Review.
  76. Web site: Kaiser. Jocelyn. Your gut bacteria could determine how you respond to cutting-edge cancer drugs. Science. February 14, 2018. February 14, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180214073402/http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/11/your-gut-bacteria-could-determine-how-you-respond-cutting-edge-cancer-drugs. live.
  77. https://www.obama.org/updates/obama-foundation-announces-addition-sean-parker-board-directors/ Obama Foundation Announces Addition of Sean Parker to the Board of Directors
  78. https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/about/who-we-are/board-directors/ Board of Directors: Sean Parker
  79. https://www.parkerici.org/about/#board Board for Parker Institute
  80. Web site: Foundation website . August 29, 2019 . February 9, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170209190136/http://parker.org/about . live .
  81. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/11/arts/design/moca-klaus-biesenbach-adrien-chang-simon-mordant-maria-kellen-french.html New Director Expands MOCA’s Board With Four Global Members
  82. Web site: A Look at the 50 Most Generous Donors of 2014 . The Chronicle of Philanthropy . November 17, 2015 . January 14, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160114035851/https://philanthropy.com/interactives/phil-50 . live .
  83. WHY DNA IS THE MOST EXCITING PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE TODAY. Wired . December 11, 2018. December 5, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181205151615/https://www.wired.com/story/wired25-sean-parker-alex-marson-crispr-dna-programming/. live. Molteni . Megan .
  84. Web site: The T&C 50: The Top Philanthropists of 2017. May 8, 2017 . December 11, 2018. December 15, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181215172926/https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/money-and-power/g9598806/top-50-philanthropists-of-2017/?slide=43. live.
  85. Web site: Healthcare 50: Sean Parker. December 11, 2018. December 5, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181205203510/http://time.com/collection/health-care-50/5425145/sean-parker/. live.
  86. Sean Parker honored at the Vatican with the 2016 Pontifical Key Philanthropy Award . PR Newswire . January 7, 2019 . January 8, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190108100809/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/sean-parker-honored-at-the-vatican-with-the-2016-pontifical-key-philanthropy-award-300260887.html . live .
  87. Web site: Tech mogul ramps up GOP giving . POLITICO . July 14, 2014 . November 17, 2015 . September 20, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150920021020/http://www.politico.com/story/2014/07/sean-parker-republican-donations-108859 . live .
  88. Web site: Silicon Valley Moguls Push For Campaign Finance Reform . TechCrunch . November 17, 2015 . Cat . Zakrzewski . June 25, 2014 . July 5, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170705204807/https://techcrunch.com/2014/06/24/silicon-valley-moguls-push-for-campaign-finance-reform/ . live .
  89. Web site: Former Facebook president Sean Parker backs Nevada gun-control with $250,000 donation . Las Vegas . November 17, 2015 . en-US . https://web.archive.org/web/20151118164228/http://lasvegas.suntimes.com/las-news/las-politics-government/7/104/76502/sean-parker-gun-control/ . November 18, 2015 . dead.
  90. Web site: Burns . Alexander . Tech mogul Sean Parker ramps up GOP giving . Politico . POLITICO LLC . September 4, 2014 . July 15, 2014 . June 26, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150626155537/http://www.politico.com/story/2014/07/sean-parker-republican-donations-108859.html . live .
  91. Web site: Tech bigwigs help launch economic policy group . POLITICO . March 31, 2015 . November 17, 2015 . February 22, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190222121640/https://www.politico.com/story/2015/03/tech-bigwigs-help-launch-new-economic-policy-group-116530 . live .
  92. Web site: Ex-Facebook President Sean Parker backs California pot initiative . . November 3, 2015 . November 17, 2015 . December 29, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181229193700/https://www.latimes.com/local/political/la-me-pc-ex-facebook-pres-backs-initiative-to-allow-recreational-pot-use-in-california-20151102-story.html . live .
  93. News: MacAskill, Ewen . Facebook cofounder gives $100,000 to push to legalise cannabis in California . The Guardian . UK . October 10, 2010 . October 11, 2010 . July 7, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180707033913/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/oct/10/facebook-cofounder-donation-legalise-cannabis . live .
  94. Web site: California Proposition 63, Background Checks for Ammunition Purchases and Large-Capacity Ammunition Magazine Ban (2016) . Ballotpedia . May 4, 2017 . May 18, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190518003108/https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_63,_Background_Checks_for_Ammunition_Purchases_and_Large-Capacity_Ammunition_Magazine_Ban_(2016) . live .
  95. News: CNBC . Sean Parker on Cancer Research - Video . . April 13, 2016 . May 4, 2017 . July 7, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180707011807/https://www.nytimes.com/video/business/100000004325749/sean-parker-on-cancer-research.html . live .
  96. Web site: Sean Parker creates a social ballot guide for voters . Mangalindan . JP . October 11, 2016 . . October 11, 2016 . May 20, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170520082458/https://www.yahoo.com/tech/sean-parkers-brigade-rolls-out-new-voting-tool-120712612.html . live .
  97. Tankersley, Jim (January 29, 2018). "Tucked Into the Tax Bill, a Plan to Help Distressed America ". The New York Times. Retrieved December 3, 2018.
  98. https://www.bisnow.com/national/news/economic-development/former-obama-aide-aims-to-spur-investment-opportunity-zones-created-by-recent-tax-law-92789
  99. https://www.recode.net/2018/10/16/17940120/opportunity-zones-sean-parker-silicon-valley-wealth-taxes The new hotness for tech billionaires? Do-gooder investments they can write off on their taxes.
  100. Gustin, Sam. The Social Network Nabs Eight Oscar Nods . Wired. January 25, 2011.
  101. Albanesius, Chloe. https://uk.pcmag.com/news/104243/oscars-social-network-fizzles-douglas-and-bullock-light-up-twitter Oscars: 'Social Network' Fizzles, Douglas and Bullock Light Up Twitter
  102. Dargis, Manohla. The Social Network (2010) . The New York Times.
  103. https://thenextweb.com/facebook/2011/01/23/sean-parker-the-social-network-is-a-complete-work-of-fiction/ Sean Parker: The Social Network is a complete work of fiction
  104. http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2010/09/30/the-facebook-and-zuckerberg-in-the-social-network-arent-real.html What's True in the Facebook Movie
  105. White, Charlie. Sean Parker Says "The Social Network" Is "Fiction" . Mashable. January 23, 2011.
  106. Cavin, Cory. Sean Parker Talks Spotify, Hacking, And Being On The Cover Of Forbes . Late Night With Jimmy Fallon. October 4, 2011.
  107. https://www.forbes.com/pictures/mel45eifk/sean-parker-forbes-400-cover Sean Parker: Human Accelerant
  108. News: Sean Parker, Facebook Billionaire, Welcomes Baby Girl With Fiancee Alexandra Lenas . Us Weekly . January 5, 2013 . September 27, 2013 . October 30, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161030140341/http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-moms/news/sean-parker-facebook-billionaire-welcomes-baby-girl-with-fiancee-alexandra-lenas-201371 . live .
  109. http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-moms/news/sean-parker-facebook-billionaire-welcomes-baby-girl-with-fiancee-alexandra-lenas-201371 "Sean Parker, Facebook Billionaire, Welcomes Baby Girl With Fiancee Alexandra Lenas"
  110. Web site: Sean and Alexandra Parker Welcome Son Zephyr Emerson . People. September 15, 2014 . October 28, 2021 . March 24, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160324234712/http://celebritybabies.people.com/2014/12/03/sean-parker-alexandra-parker-welcome-son-zephyr-emerson/ . live .
  111. News: Sean Parker Is Married! Facebook Billionaire Weds Alexandra Lenas . Us Weekly . Brittany . Galla . June 1, 2013 . June 2, 2013 . April 14, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190414202932/https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/sean-parker-is-married-facebook-billionaire-weds-alexandra-lenas-201316/ . live .
  112. News: Sean Parker Responds to Redwoods Wedding Criticism, and His Defense Is Actually Pretty Convincing . The Atlantic . Alexis . Madrigal . June 6, 2013 . December 2, 2016 . April 3, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190403134214/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/06/sean-parker-responds-to-redwoods-wedding-criticism-and-his-defense-is-actually-pretty-convincing/276553/ . live .
  113. News: New Government Documents Show the Sean Parker Wedding Is the Perfect Parable for Silicon Valley Excess . The Atlantic . Alexis . Madrigal . June 4, 2013 . June 4, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130608094626/http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/13/06/new-government-documents-show-the-sean-parker-wedding-is-the-perfect-parable-for-silicon-valley-excess/276521 . June 8, 2013 . dead.
  114. News: Sean Parker Wedding Brings Ventana Inn's Campground Violations to Light . Montrerey County Weekly . Kera . Abraham . June 13, 2013 . December 1, 2016 . August 7, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200807011159/http://www.montereycountyweekly.com/news/local_news/article_acad79f2-d3cc-11e2-b240-001a4bcf6878.html . live .
  115. Alexander, Kurtis (October 17, 2014) "Sean Parker's Big Sur punishment — create an app." San Francisco Chronicle. (Retrieved October 17, 2014.)
  116. Web site: Tech magnate's controversial Big Sur wedding generates a wave of conservation grants. . Monterey County Weekly . October 2, 2014 . November 17, 2015 . August 7, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200807013903/http://www.montereycountyweekly.com/news/local_news/tech-magnate-s-controversial-big-sur-wedding-generates-wave-of/article_e061ae06-49b1-11e4-a212-0017a43b2370.html . live .

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