Park Chan-wook explained

Park Chan-wook
Native Name:Korean: 박찬욱
Birth Date:23 August 1963
Birth Place:Seoul, South Korea
Other Names:Bakridamae
Alma Mater:Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
Occupation:Film director, screenwriter, producer
Children:1[1]
Years Active:1992–present
Awards:Best Director at the 2022 Cannes Film Festival
Honours: Eun-gwan Order of Cultural Merit (2022)
Module:
Child:yes
Headercolor:transparent
Hangul:박찬욱
Rr:Bak Chanuk
Mr:Pak Ch'anuk

Park Chan-wook (; pronounced as /ko/; born 23 August 1963) is a South Korean film director, screenwriter, producer, and former film critic. He is considered one of the most prominent filmmakers of South Korean cinema as well as 21st-century world cinema.[2] His films, which often blend crime, mystery and thriller with other genres, and have gained notoriety for their cinematography, framing, black humor and often brutal subject matters.[3] [4]

After two unsuccessful films in the 1990s which he has since largely disowned, Park came to prominence with his acclaimed third directorial effort, Joint Security Area (2000), which became the highest-grossing film in South Korean history at the time and which Park himself prefers to be regarded as his directorial debut.[5] [6] Using his newfound creative freedom, he would go on to direct the films forming his unofficial The Vengeance Trilogy: Sympathy for Mr. Vengeance (2002), a financial failure that polarized critics, followed by Oldboy (2003) and Lady Vengeance (2005), both of which received critical acclaim and were financially successful. Oldboy in particular is regarded as one of the greatest films ever made, and helped establish Park as a well-known director outside his native country.

Most of Park's works following The Vengeance Trilogy were also commercial and critical successes both in South Korea and internationally, such as Thirst (2009), The Handmaiden (2016), which earned Park the BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language, and Decision to Leave (2022), which won the Best Director award at the 2022 Cannes Film Festival.[7] He directed the English-language miniseries The Little Drummer Girl (2018) and The Sympathizer (2024).

Early life

Park Chan-wook was born 23 August 1963 in Seoul.[8] Both of his parents were native Seoul residents who have lived in Seoul for five generations. His father, Park Don-seo, was a professor of architecture and former dean of Ajou University's College of Engineering. Meanwhile, his grandfather, Park Seung-seo, was the former president of the Korean Bar Association.[9] His brother, Park Chan-kyong is also a filmmaker. [10]

Park studied philosophy at Sogang University, where, disappointed with the analytic orientation of the department and consequent scant offerings in aesthetics, he started a cinema club, the 'Sogang Film Community', and published a number of articles on contemporary cinema. Originally intending to be an art critic, Park, upon seeing Vertigo, resolved to become a filmmaker.[11] After graduation, he wrote articles on film for journals and soon became an assistant director of films like Kkamdong, directed by Yu Yeong-jin, and Watercolor Painting in a Rainy Day, directed by Kwak Jae-yong (My Sassy Girl).[12]

Career

Park's debut feature film was The Moon Is... the Sun's Dream (1992). After five years, he made his second film, Trio. Park's early films were not successful at the box office, and he pursued a career as a film critic to make a living.[13] In an interview in 2017, he said "Many people think my directorial debut film is JSA, but I want to keep it that way".[14]

In 2000, Park directed Joint Security Area, which was a great success both commercially and critically, even surpassing Kang Je-gyu's Shiri as the then most-watched film ever made in South Korea.[15] This success made it possible for Park to make his next film more independently. Sympathy for Mr. Vengeance is the result of this creative freedom.

Park's unofficially-titled Vengeance Trilogy consists of Sympathy for Mr. Vengeance (2002), Oldboy (2003) and Lady Vengeance (2005). It was not originally intended to be a trilogy. Park won the Grand Prix at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival for Oldboy. The films concern the utter futility of vengeance and how it wreaks havoc on the lives of those involved.[16] Lady Vengeance was distributed by Tartan Films for the United States theatrical release in April 2006.[17]

American director Quentin Tarantino is an avowed fan of Park. As the head judge at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival, he personally pushed for Park's Oldboy to be awarded the (the honour eventually went to Michael Moore's Fahrenheit 9/11).[18] Oldboy garnered the Grand Prix, Cannes's second-highest honour. Tarantino also regards Park's Joint Security Area to be one of "the top twenty films made since 1992."[19]

Since 2004, Park has been an owner of the filmmaking company Moho Film, which participated in the production of Snowpiercer (2013) and The Handmaiden (2016).[20]

In 2006, Park was the member of official section jury at the 63rd Venice International Film Festival.

In February 2007, Park won the Alfred Bauer Prize at the 57th Berlin International Film Festival. The award, named after the festival's founder and in praise of works that introduce new perspectives, went to Park for his film, I'm a Cyborg, But That's OK.[21] In 2009, Park directed the vampire film Thirst, starring Song Kang-ho, which won the Prix du Jury (alongside Fish Tank, directed by Andrea Arnold) at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival. He considered directing Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy but ultimately turned it down.

In 2011, Park said his new fantasy-horror film Paranmanjang (Night Fishing) was shot entirely on the iPhone.[22] The film was co-directed with Park's younger brother, Park Chan-kyong, who had no prior directing experience. It was nominated for Berlinale Shorts during the 2011 Berlin Film Festival and won the Golden Bear for Best Short Film.

In 2013, Park directed his first English-language film, Stoker.[23] He said he learned to accelerate the production process and completed filming in 480 hours. Although Park does speak English, he used an interpreter on set. On why the script attracted his attention, Park said: "It wasn't a script that tried to explain everything and left many things as questions, so it leads the audience to find answers for themselves, and that's what I liked about the script... I like telling big stories through small, artificially created worlds".[24] [25] On 2 March 2013, Park appeared on a panel discussion about the film Stoker held at the Freer Gallery of Art in the Smithsonian's Museums of Asian Art.[26]

In 2014, Park directed a short film commissioned by luxury brand Ermenegildo Zegna, co-written by himself, Ayako Fujitani, Chung Chung-hoon and Michael Werwie, scored by Clint Mansell, and starring Jack Huston and Daniel Wu. It screened at the Rome International Film Festival and the Busan International Film Festival.[27]

In September 2014, it was announced that Park would adapt Fingersmith, a historical crime novel by Sarah Waters.[28] The film entered production in mid-2015 and ended on 31 October 2015.[29] That film ended up becoming The Handmaiden and premiered in competition to rave reviews at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival, where Artistic Director Seong-hie Ryu won the Vulcain Prize for the Technical Arts, and the film was nominated for both the Palme d' Or and Queer Palm. At the 2016 Buil Film Awards, The Handmaiden won for Best New Actress (Tae-ri Kim), The Buil Readers' Jury Award and Best Art Direction (Seong-hie Ryu).[30] The film holds a 95% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, and saw box office success in several countries, including South Korea, the United States and the United Kingdom.[31] [7]

In October 2014, it was announced that Park had signed on to direct the sci-fi body-swap film, Second Born.[32]

In January 2018, it was stated that Park would direct a TV miniseries adaptation of The Little Drummer Girl, a novel by John le Carré. It aired on BBC One in October of that year and stars Michael Shannon, Florence Pugh and Alexander Skarsgård.[33]

At the 24th Busan International Film Festival, Park said that he is writing scripts for feature films, for theater and for TV, including a new installment in the Vengeance Trilogy, and a second adaptation of Donald E. Westlake's novel The Axe.[34]

In May 2020, it was announced that he was working on his next film's screenplay, tentatively titled Heeojil gyeolsim (The Decision to Break Up). It is described as a melodrama and will star Tang Wei and Park Hae-il.[35] [36] In October 2020, the title of the film was revealed as Decision to Leave, with the story described as a murder mystery romance. The film was set to begin shooting later that month.[37] [38] In April 2021, A24 optioned Viet Thanh Nguyen's 2015 novel The Sympathizer for a TV adaptation, with Park Chan-wook directing.[39] [40] He was awarded Best Director at the 2022 Cannes Film Festival for his work on Decision to Leave.[41] [42]

In August 2024, Park began filming his adaption of The Axe under the working title 어쩔수가없다 (I Can't Help It).[43] Park wrote the screenplay with previous collaborators Lee Kyoung-mi, Don McKellar & Lee Ja-hye. The film would also see Park reunite with actors Lee Byung-hun and Cha Seung-won.[44]

Filmmaking

Park Chan-wook's films have gained notoriety for their cinematography and framing, black humor and often brutal subject matter.

In a May 2004 interview with The Hollywood Reporter, Park listed Sophocles, Shakespeare, Kafka, Dostoevsky, Balzac and Kurt Vonnegut as influences on his career.

His list of 61 favorite films for LaCinetek includes multiple entries of works by Luchino Visconti, Abel Ferrara, Michelangelo Antonioni, Mikio Naruse and Alfred Hitchcock.[45] He has named Taxi Driver by Martin Scorsese as one of his favorite films, a "monument of film history".[46]

Park has a history of successful collaborations with various talented individuals in the film industry. Among these collaborations, the longest-standing partnership is with Editor Kim Sang-bum.[47] Their relationship dates back to when Park, then a college student, joined the directing department led by editor-in-chief Kim Sang-bum. It is worth noting that Editor Kim Sang-bum's late father, Editor Kim Hee-soo, was involved in Park Chan-wook's debut film, The Moon Is... the Sun's Dream as editor. Since the film Joint Security Area (1998), Editor Kim Sang-bum has edited all of Park Chan-wook's works, except for Stoker (2013), up until The Handmaiden.[48] For his editing work in Park's latest film Decision to Leave, Kim Sang-bum won José Salcedo Award for Best Editing in Valladolid International Film Festival.[49]

Park has also collaborated with music director Jo Yeong-wook since Joint Security Area (1998). The two have since worked on several other projects together, including Oldboy, Sympathy For Lady Vengeance, The Handmaiden, and Decision to Leave.[50] [51]

Park has also worked closely with art director Ryu Seong-hie, who was filming Memories of Murder when Park asked her to work on Oldboy. She has since worked with Park on I'm a Cyborg, But That's OK, Thirst, The Handmaiden, and Decision to Leave.

Another notable collaborator of Park's is cinematographer Chung Chung-hoon. The pair first met during the production of Old Boy. The two have since worked on several other projects together, including Sympathy For Lady Vengeance, I'm a Cyborg, But That's OK, Thirst, and The Handmaiden. Chung is known for his exceptional use of lighting and camera work, and his visual style has been a strong match for Park's atmospheric and visually stunning films.[52]

He has frequently collaborated with screenwriter Jeong Seo-kyeong on several projects, such as Sympathy For Lady Vengeance, I'm a Cyborg, But That's OK, Thirst, The Handmaiden, and Decision to Leave.[53] [54] [55]

Park has a talent for attracting top-tier acting talents. Some of Korea's most well-known stars, such as Choi Min-sik and Song Kang-ho, have been integral parts of his casting selection. Song Kang-ho, in particular, has appeared in six of Park's feature length films. Park Hae-il and Shin Ha-kyun have also worked with Park on multiple occasions, three and four, respectively. Their collaborations have been highly regarded by audiences and critics alike.

Personal life

Park was raised in a devout Catholic family in Korea, and describes himself as an atheist.[56] Park was raised in an environment that fostered culture and intellectual pursuits. His father, Park Don-seo, served as a professor of architecture and former dean of Ajou University's College of Engineering, while his grandfather, Park Seung-seo, held the esteemed position of former president of the Korean Bar Association. Additionally, Park's younger brother, Park Chan-kyong, is active as painter and art critic.

Park was introduced to his future wife, Kim Eun-hee, by a mutual friend when she was a student at Ewha Womans University. At the 15th Marrakech International Film Festival, Park paid tribute to his wife Kim Eun-hee for her support throughout his career.[57] Park's daughter, Park Seo-woo, studied at the Korea National University of Arts, and worked as a member of the art team for The Handmaiden.[58]

He voiced support for the Democratic Labor Party and was also a member of its successor, the New Progressive Party. He supported Justice Party candidate Sim Sang-jung in the 2017 South Korean presidential election.[59]

Filmography

Feature films

Year! rowspan="2"
TitleCredited asNotes
1992The Moon Is... the Sun's Dream
1997Trio[60] [61]
2000Anarchists
Joint Security Area[62]
2001The Humanist
2002Sympathy for Mr. Vengeance[63]
A Bizarre Love Triangle
2003Oldboy[64]
2005Lady Vengeance[65]
Boy Goes to Heaven
2006I'm a Cyborg, But That's OK
2008Crush and Blush[66] [67]
2009Thirst[68]
2013StokerEnglish-language debut[69]
Snowpiercer
2014Bitter, Sweet, SeoulDocumentary[70]
2016The Handmaiden[71]
The Truth Beneath
2022Decision to Leave[72]
2024UprisingNetflix film[73]
I Can’t Help ItAdaption of Westlakes The Ax.
The JailbreakerYong Film and Moho Film[74]

Short films

Year! rowspan="2"
TitleSegmentCredited asRef.
DirectorWriterProducer
1999Judgment—[75]
2003 If You Were Me Never Ending Peace And Love[76] [77]
2004 Three... Extremes Cut
2011Night Fishing—[78] [79]
60 Seconds of Solitude in Year ZeroCut[80]
2012 Day Trip —[81]
2013V (music video for Lee Jung-hyun)—[82]
2014 A Rose Reborn (for Ermenegildo Zegna)—
2017Decades Apart—[83]
2022Life Is But a Dream—[84]

Television

YearTitleCredited asNotes
Writer
2018 The Little Drummer Girl[85]
2020–present Snowpiercer[86]
2024 The SympathizerAlso co-creator[87]

Bibliography

Books written by Park ! Year! Translated title! Korean title! Pages! Publisher! ISBN!
2005Park Chan-wook's Montage박찬욱의 몽타주299Mind walk[88] [89]
Park Chan-wook's Homage박찬욱의 오마주528[90] [91]

Awards and nominations

200021st Blue Dragon Film AwardsBest FilmJoint Security Area[92]
Best Director
2001 51st Berlin International Film FestivalGolden Bear[93]
Blue Ribbon AwardsBest Foreign Film
Deauville Asian Film FestivalLotus d'Or (Prix du Jury) ("Jury Prize")[94]
Lotus du Public (Prix du Public) ("Popular Choice")
Grand Bell AwardsBest Film
Seattle Film FestivalJury Special Award[95]
2002Blue Dragon Film AwardsBest FilmSympathy for Mr. Vengeance
Best Director
Busan Film Critics AwardsBest Film
Best Director
Italian Film Noir Festival Special Jury Award[96] [97]
Udine Far East Film FestivalAudience Award
2003Blue Dragon Film AwardsBest FilmOldboy
Best Director
2004Asian Pacific Film FestivalBest Director[98]
British Independent Film Awards 2004Best Foreign Independent Film
41st Grand Bell AwardsBest Film[99]
Best Director
Best Adapted Screenplay
2004 Cannes Film Festival[100]
Grand Prix
17th European Film AwardsBest Non-European Film[101]
Stockholm International Film FestivalAudience Award[102]
200511th Critics' Choice AwardsBest Foreign Language Film[103]
Austin Film Critics Association Awards 2005Best Foreign Language Film
62nd Venice International Film FestivalGolden LionLady Vengeance[104]
Little Golden Lion [105]
Young Cinema Award: Alternatives
'CinemAvvenire' Award: Best Film in Competition
26th Blue Dragon Film AwardsBest Film[106]
Best Director
18th European Film AwardsScreen International[107]
9th Proud Sogang AwardSogang Award[108] [109]
Royal SaluteMark of Respect Award[110]
200643rd Grand Bell AwardsBest Film[111]
Best Director
Bangkok International Film FestivalBest Director[112]
Oporto International Film FestivalBest Picture[113]
200757th Berlin International Film FestivalGolden BearI'm a Cyborg, But That's OK[114]
Alfred Bauer Prize
200936th Saturn AwardsBest International FilmThirst
30th Blue Dragon Film AwardsBest Film[115]
Best Director
2009 Cannes Film Festival[116]
Jury Prize
201161st Berlin International Film FestivalShort Film Golden Bear (shared with Park Chan-kyong)Night Fishing[117]
201340th Saturn AwardsBest International FilmStoker[118]
2016Austin Film Critics Association Awards 2016Best FilmThe Handmaiden[119]
Best Director
Best Adapted Screenplay (shared with Jeong Seo-kyeong)
Best Foreign Language Film
37th Blue Dragon Film AwardsBest Film[120]
Best Director
Boston Society of Film Critics Awards 2016Best Foreign Language Film[121]
25th Buil Film AwardsBest Film[122]
Best Director
2016 Cannes Film Festival[123]
Queer Palm
Chicago Film Critics Association Awards 2016Best Film[124]
Best Director
Best Adapted Screenplay (shared with Jeong Seo-kyeong)
Best Foreign Language Film
22nd Critics' Choice AwardsBest Foreign Language Film[125]
Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2016Best Foreign Language Film[126]
Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2016Best Picture[127]
Best Foreign Language Film
2016 Los Angeles Film Critics Association AwardsBest Foreign Language Film[128]
2016 National Society of Film Critics AwardsBest Foreign Language Film[129]
Online Film Critics Society Awards 2016Best Picture[130]
Best Foreign Language Film
San Diego Film Critics SocietyBest Foreign Language Film[131] [132]
San Francisco Film Critics Circle Awards 2016Best Adapted Screenplay (shared with Chung Seo-kyung)[133]
Best Foreign Language Film
St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Awards 2016Best Foreign Language Film[134]
Toronto Film Critics Association Awards 2016Best Foreign Language Film[135]
Vancouver Film Critics Circle Awards 2016Best Foreign Language Film[136]
Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Awards 2016Best Foreign Language Film[137]
201711th Asian Film AwardsBest Screenplay (shared with Chung Seo-kyung)[138]
53rd Baeksang Arts AwardsGrand Prize – Film[139] [140]
Best Film
Best Director
Best Screenplay (shared with Chung Seo-kyung)
21st Satellite AwardsBest Foreign Language Film[141]
43rd Saturn AwardsBest International Film[142]
201871st British Academy Film AwardsBest Film Not in the English Language[143]
202243rd Blue Dragon Film AwardsBest FilmDecision to Leave[144]
Best Director
Best Screenplay (shared with Chung Seo-kyung)
British Independent Film Awards 2022Best International Independent Film[145]
31st Buil Film AwardsBest Film[146]
Best Director
Best Screenplay (shared with Chung Seo-kyung)
2022 Cannes Film Festival[147] [148]
Best Director
Best Screenplay (shared with Chung Seo-kyung)[149] [150]
Best Director
Critics Choice Awards
Asian Pacific Cinema & Television		Director Award [151]
Gotham Independent Film Awards 2022Best International Feature[152]
58th Grand Bell AwardsBest Film[153]
Best Director
Best Screenplay (shared with Chung Seo-kyung)
Korean Association of Film Critics AwardsBest Film[154]
Best Director
Best Screenplay (shared with Chung Seo-kyung)
LACMA Art + Film GalaArt+Film Gala[155]
27th Satellite AwardsBest Motion Picture – International[156]
202316th Asian Film AwardsBest Director[157]
59th Baeksang Arts AwardsGrand Prize – Film[158] [159]
Best Film
Best Director
Best Screenplay (shared with Jeong Seo-kyeong)
Director's Cut AwardsBest Director in Film [160]
Best Screenplay
Visionary Awards2023 VisionaryPark Chan-wook[161]

State honors

Country! scope="col"
CeremonyYearHonor or Award
South KoreaCulture Day Award Ceremony2000Today's Young Artist Award — Film
Minister's Office of Culture and Tourism Commendation		[162] [163]
Minister's Office of Culture and Tourism Award Ceremony2004Bogwan Order of Cultural Merit[164]
2006 Korea Cultural Contents Export Merit Ceremony2006Presidential Citation[165]
Korean Popular Culture and Arts Awards2022Eugwan Order of Cultural Merit[166]

Listicles

PublisherYearListiclePlacement
Hankyoreh2004100 people who will open the future of Korea[167]
Herald Business Daily2008Pop Culture Power Leader Big 30[168] [169]
Sisa Journal2005Most influential person in the entertainment industry[170]
2008Next Generation Leader—Film Industry[171]
2009[172]
2015Next Generation Leader—Pop Culture[173]
2017Next Generation Leader—Culture, Arts, Sports[174]
2018Korea's Most Influential Cultural Artists
2019[175]
2020[176]
2021[177]
2022[178]
2023[179]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 스태프로 일한 딸, 아빠 박찬욱과 눈 마주쳤을 때. Park. Min-jung. When I made eye contact with my daughter, father Park Chan-wook, who worked as a staff member. Wikitree. 6 June 2016. 11 July 2022. ko. 22 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230522220837/https://www.wikitree.co.kr/articles/262453. live.
  2. News: Chee . Alexander . Park Chan-wook, the Man Who Put Korean Cinema on the Map . The New York Times . 16 October 2017 . 9 December 2022 . 1 April 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190401080942/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/16/t-magazine/park-chan-wook.html . live .
  3. Web site: Watch: Bold, Beautiful 7-Minute Supercut Tribute To The Films Of Park Chan-Wook. Indiewire.com. 25 August 2015. 10 March 2017. 12 March 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170312053808/http://www.indiewire.com/2015/08/watch-bold-beautiful-7-minute-supercut-tribute-to-the-films-of-park-chan-wook-260524/. live.
  4. Web site: Cannes 09: Park Chan-Wook's 'Thirst' Is An Absurdist Treat That Becomes Muddled; Overstays Its Welcome. Theplaylist.net. 10 March 2017. 12 March 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170312053610/http://theplaylist.net/cannes-09-park-chan-wooks-thirst-is-20090517/. live.
  5. Web site: Cotter . Padraig . 2020-09-29 . Why Park Chan-wook Has Disowned His Debut The Moon Is The Sun's Dream . 2023-09-18 . ScreenRant . en.
  6. Web site: Lah . Je-gi . 박찬욱 "여배우 강압 노출? 노동현장 인권문제" . . 23 January 2023 . ko . 29 January 2017 . 23 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230123020832/https://www.hankookilbo.com/News/Read/201701210411272026 . live .
  7. Web site: The Handmaiden . Box Office Mojo . IMDb . 26 February 2019 . 27 February 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190227060322/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=thehandmaiden.htm . live .
  8. Chan-wook, Park. (10 December 2005). Park's Montage (essay). 마음 산책. "Introduction about the author, and the prologue". .
  9. Web site: 2004-05-27 . 히치콕이 내 인생 바꿨다 . Hitchcock changed my life . 2024-02-18 . entertain.naver.com . ko.
  10. https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2023/11/13/national-museum-of-asian-art-park-chan-kyong-gathering/
  11. Web site: Dialogue: Park Chan-wook. 14 May 2004. The Hollywood Reporter. 14 July 2007. 30 September 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070930224459/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/h/search/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1000511737. live.
  12. Book: Kim, Young-jin . 2007 . PARK Chan-wook . Seoul Selection . 9788991913943 . 2 November 2020 . 21 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230721210909/https://books.google.com/books?id=1GX4CAAAQBAJ&q=%22analytic+philosophy%22&pg=PT144 . live .
  13. Web site: A.V. Club interview with Park Chan-wook. Avclub.com. 6 August 2009. 28 August 2009. 10 August 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090810105821/http://www.avclub.com/articles/park-chanwook%2C31394/. live.
  14. Web site: Lah . Je-gi . 박찬욱 "여배우 강압 노출? 노동현장 인권문제" . . 23 January 2023 . ko . 29 January 2017 . 23 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230123020832/https://www.hankookilbo.com/News/Read/201701210411272026 . live .
  15. Web site: Yellow Sea Rising: The Resurrection of South Korean Cinema. Blockmuseum.northwestern.edu. 30 August 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20100609092628/http://www.blockmuseum.northwestern.edu/block-cinema/day-for-night-magazine/spring08/yellowsea.html. 9 June 2010.
  16. Web site: Contemporary South Korean Auteurs. 7 May 2008. McConkey. Rachael. Traumafilm.com. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20090427045435/http://www.traumafilm.com/korean.htm. 27 April 2009.
  17. Web site: Palisades Tartan unleashes the 8-Disc VENGEANCE TRILOGY Box. Fangoria.com. 6 November 2017. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20091015081654/http://fangoria.com/home/news/16-dvd-a-blu-ray/4249-palisades-tartan-unleashes-the-8-disc-vengeance-trilogy-box.html. 15 October 2009.
  18. Web site: The New Cult Canon: Oldboy. Avclub.com. 1 October 2008. 28 August 2009. 1 October 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20091001052038/http://www.avclub.com/articles/the-new-cult-canon-oldboy%2C2484/. live.
  19. Web site: Vogels . Pim . 2020-08-03 . 10 Great Thriller Movies Recommended By Quentin Tarantino . 2024-02-18 . Taste of Cinema - Movie Reviews and Classic Movie Lists . en-US.
  20. Web site: [대담한 문화읽기]듣는 영화 묘미를 아십니까 ]. 2024-02-18 . entertain.naver.com . ko.
  21. Web site: China's Tuya's Marriage wins Berlin film festival. 7 May 2008. 17 February 2007. Rawstory.com. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20080408141315/http://rawstory.com/news/dpa/China_s_Tuya_s_Marriage_wins_Berlin_02172007.html. 8 April 2008.
  22. Web site: 'Oldboy' director shoots new horror film on iPhone 4. 11 January 2011. 11 January 2011. CNN. 13 January 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110113045930/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/TECH/mobile/01/11/horror.film.iphone.mashable/index.html. live.
  23. News: Shooting begins on Stoker for Scott Free, Searchlight, Indian Paintbrush . Kay . Jeremy . 1 September 2011 . . 2 September 2011 . 10 October 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121010151923/http://www.screendaily.com/news/distribution/shooting-begins-on-stoker-for-scott-free-searchlight-indian-paintbrush/5031460.article . live .
  24. STOKER Featurette: "Director's Vision". https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/mu5wu1iC4bE . 21 December 2021 . live. YouTube. FoxSearchlight. 5 March 2013. 29 November 2016.
  25. News: Park Chan-wook stalks a thriller with 'Stoker' . Rachel . Lee . . 29 March 2012 . 1 April 2012 . usurped . https://web.archive.org/web/20120418235625/http://koreajoongangdaily.joinsmsn.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=2950611 . 18 April 2012 .
  26. Web site: Korean Film Festival DC 2013. 28 February 2013. 10 April 2018. 11 April 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180411025812/http://overseas.mofa.go.kr/us-en/brd/m_4497/view.do?seq=691721&srchFr=&srchTo=&srchWord=&srchTp=&multi_itm_seq=0&itm_seq_1=0&itm_seq_2=0&company_cd=&company_nm=&page=40. live.
  27. Web site: Watch: Park Chan-wook's Fashionista Thriller Starring Jack Huston and Jason Wu – IndieWire. Zainab. Akande. www.indiewire.com. 23 October 2014. 6 November 2017. 4 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053209/http://www.indiewire.com/article/watch-park-chan-wooks-fashionista-thriller-starring-jack-huston-and-jason-wu-20141023. live.
  28. Web site: Park Chan-wook to Shoot Sexy Crime Story 'Fingersmith'. Nemo. Kim. 3 September 2014. Variety.com. 6 November 2017. 12 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171012100025/http://variety.com/2014/film/news/park-chan-wook-to-shoot-sexy-crime-story-fingersmith-1201296579/. live.
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  130. Web site: 20th Annual Online Film Critics Society Awards Nominations . . 27 December 2016 . 28 April 2021 . 28 December 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161228032732/http://ofcs.org/awards/2016-awards-20th-annual/ . live .
  131. Web site: 2016 San Diego Film Critics Society's Award Nominations . 9 December 2016 . 9 December 2016 . 21 December 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161221165923/http://www.sdfcs.org/san-diego-film-critics-society-nominations-2016/ . live .
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  133. Web site: 'Moonlight' Named Best Picture by San Francisco Film Critics Circle . Kimberly . Nordyke . . 12 December 2016 . 28 April 2021 . 13 December 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161213020831/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/moonlight-named-best-picture-by-san-francisco-film-critics-circle-955302 . live .
  134. Web site: 2016 StLFCA Annual Award Nominations . . 12 December 2016 . 28 April 2021 . 20 December 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171220074344/http://www.stlfilmcritics.org/awards . live .
  135. Web site: 'Moonlight' Named Best Film by Toronto Film Critics. Vlessing. Etan. The Hollywood Reporter. 12 December 2016. 28 April 2021. 12 December 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161212024801/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/moonlight-named-best-film-by-toronto-film-critics-955058. live.
  136. Web site: 2017 Nominees Announced, 'Manchester by the Sea' Leads Vancouver Film Critics Circle International Nominations List with Six Nods . 16 December 2016 . . 28 April 2021 . 20 December 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161220151504/https://vancouverfilmcritics.com/2016/12/16/2017-nominees-announced/ . live .
  137. Web site: The 2016 WAFCA Awards Nominations . 3 December 2016 . 28 April 2021 . 17 October 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181017031036/http://wafca.com/awards/ . live .
  138. Web site: Frater. Patrick. 'Handmaiden,' 'Bovary,' 'Train' Lead Asian Film Awards Nominations. Variety. 11 January 2017. 11 January 2017. 13 January 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170113145800/https://variety.com/2017/film/asia/handmaiden-bovary-train-lead-asian-film-awards-nominations-1201957653/. live.
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  140. Web site: 'Guardian,' 'The Handmaiden' win big at Baeksang Awards. 4 May 2017. Korea Herald. 28 April 2021. 1 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190401162737/http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20170504000531. live.
  141. Web site: Satellite Awards Nominees Revealed. Kilday. Gregg. The Hollywood Reporter. 29 November 2016. 28 April 2021. 25 December 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161225183043/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/2016-satellite-awards-nominees-listed-includes-moonlight-la-la-land-950935. live.
  142. Saturn Awards Nominations 2017: 'Rogue One,' 'Walking Dead' Lead . McNary . Dave . . 2 March 2017 . 3 March 2017.
  143. Web site: BAFTA Awards: 'Shape of Water,' 'Three Billboards,' 'Darkest Hour' Lead Pack of Nominations . Alex . Ritman . . 8 January 2018 . 28 April 2021 . 9 January 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180109235303/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/bafta-2018-complete-list-nominations-1067881 . live .
  144. News: '헤어질 결심' 최우수 작품·주연·감독상까지…43회 청룡영화상 싹쓸이 . 'Decision to Break Up' Best Picture, Lead Actor, Director... Swept the 43rd Blue Dragon Film Awards . Park Ha-na . News1 . November 25, 2022 . November 26, 2022 . ko . 25 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221125233645/https://www.news1.kr/articles/4876611 . live .
  145. Web site: British Independent Film Awards: 'Aftersun,' 'Blue Jean' & 'The Wonder' Lead Nominations. Deadline. Zac. Ntim. 4 November 2022. 4 November 2022. 4 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221104140656/https://deadline.com/2022/11/british-independent-film-awards-aftersun-blue-jean-lead-nominations-1235163320/. live.
  146. Web site: 헤어질 결심 브로커 둘 다 8개 부문 후보 올라. Nam. Yoo-jung. Decision to break up and Broker both nominated for 8 categories. Busan Ilbo. Naver. 28 August 2022. 28 August 2022. ko. 28 August 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220828095931/https://n.news.naver.com/article/082/0001171698?sid=103. live.
  147. Web site: David Cronenberg, Park Chan-wook, Kelly Reichardt Set for Cannes Competition . Scott Roxborough . The Hollywood Reporter . 14 April 2022 . 28 May 2022 . 16 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220416034452/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/2022-cannes-lineup-film-festival-1235128080/ . live .
  148. Web site: Cannes Repeat Winner Ruben Östlund Collects His Second Palme d'Or for 'Triangle of Sadness'. Peter. Debruge. Variety. 28 May 2022. 29 May 2022. 26 December 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221226011245/https://variety.com/2022/film/news/cannes-film-festival-2022-winners-1235280493/. live.
  149. Web site: 제27회 춘사국제영화제 각 부문별 후보자 공개. Lee Ji-yul. The 27th Chunsa International Film Festival nominees for each category revealed. Beyond Post. 26 August 2022. 26 August 2022. ko. 31 October 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221031213455/http://www.beyondpost.co.kr/view.php?ud=202208260901532895499def050a_30. live.
  150. Web site: '헤어질 결심', 춘사국제영화제서 감독상 등 3관. Kim. Jeong-jin. 'Decision to Leave' wins 3 awards including Best Director at Chunsa International Film Festival. k-odyssey. 30 September 2022. 30 September 2022. ko. https://web.archive.org/web/20220930122307/https://www.k-odyssey.com/news/newsview.php?ncode=179582713036315. 30 September 2022. live.
  151. Web site: 박은빈·박찬욱·황동혁, 美 비평가협회 주관행사서 나란히 수상. Yoon. Ki-baek. Park Eun-bin, Park Chan-wook, and Hwang Dong-hyeok were awarded side by side at an event hosted by the American Critics Association. E-Daily. Naver. October 1, 2022. October 1, 2022. ko. 1 October 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221001063740/https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=018&aid=0005331190. live.
  152. Web site: 'Tár' Leads Gotham Awards Nominations: Full List. Variety. Ethan. Shanfield. October 25, 2022. October 25, 2022. 25 October 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221025170520/https://variety.com/2022/film/news/gotham-awards-nominations-full-list-1235413626/. live.
  153. Web site: 제 58회 대종상 영화제 내달 9일 개최... '헌트' 12개, '헤어질 결심' - '한산' 11개 부분 노미네이트. Park. Jae-hwan. The 58th Daejong Film Festival to be held on the 9th of next month... 12 nominations for 'Hunt', 'Decision to break up' - 11 parts for 'Hansan. KBS Media. Naver. October 12, 2022. October 12, 2022. ko. 23 October 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221023045037/https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=438&aid=0000050673. live.
  154. Web site: 헤어질 결심', 영평상 최우수작품상 선정…공로상 안성기. Park. Mi-ae. 'Decision to break up' selected for Best Picture at the Youngpyeong Awards... Achievement Award Ahn Sung-ki. E-Daily. Naver. October 24, 2022. October 24, 2022. ko. 24 October 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221024023039/https://entertain.naver.com/movie/now/read?oid=018&aid=0005348507. live.
  155. Web site: 헤어질 결심' 박찬욱, LA미술관 아트·필름 갈라 수상. Han. Hyun-jung. Chanwook Park, 'Decision to break up' wins Art and Film Gala at Los Angeles Museum of Art. Maeil Star Today. Naver. November 6, 2022. November 7, 2022. ko. 7 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221107030957/https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=009&aid=0005040828. live.
  156. Web site: 'Top Gun: Maverick' leads International Press Academy's 27th Satellite Awards nominations. Awards Watch. Erik. Anderson. December 8, 2022. December 8, 2022. 9 December 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221209002942/https://awardswatch.com/top-gun-maverick-leads-international-press-academys-27th-satellite-awards-nominations/. live.
  157. Web site: Asian Film Awards: Decision to Leave And Drive My Car Lead Nominations . Ntim . Zac . 6 January 2023 . 6 January 2023 . . 6 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230106092401/https://deadline.com/2023/01/asian-film-awards-decision-to-leave-leads-nominations-1235212781/ . live .
  158. Web site: Oh Seung-hyun . April 7, 2023 . '더 글로리'·'우영우' 박 터졌네…59회 백상예술대상 후보 공개 . 'The Glory' and 'Woo Young-woo' exploded... Candidates for the 59th Baeksang Arts Awards revealed . April 7, 2023 . Xports News . ko . . 9 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230409065152/https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=311&aid=0001578374 . live .
  159. Web site: Park Soo-in . April 29, 2023 . '헤어질 결심' 대상→더 글로리' 3관왕, 이변 없는 수상[백상예술대상①] ]. 'Decision to break up' Daesang→The Glory' 3 crowns, no surprises [Baeksang Arts Awards ①] . April 29, 2023 . Newsen . ko . . 6 May 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230506073447/https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=609&aid=0000718413 . live .
  160. Web site: 박찬욱 '헤어질 결심', 디렉터스컷 어워즈 5관왕. Yoon. Ki-baek. Park Chan-wook's 'Decision to Break Up' wins 5 Director's Cut Awards. E-daily. Naver. February 24, 2023. February 24, 2023. ko. 24 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230224145538/https://entertain.naver.com/movie/now/read?oid=018&aid=0005431830. live.
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  162. Web site: Today's YoungArtist Award Previous Winner . Arko.
  163. Web site: 2000-10-17 . '오늘의 젊은 예술가상' 발표 . Announcement of 'Today's Young Artist Award' . 2023-08-29 . . ko.
  164. http://www.hancinema.net/%60old-boy-to-receive-order-of-cultural-merit-1340.html "`Old Boy' to Receive Order of Cultural Merit,"
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  166. Web site: 강수연·박찬욱, 은관문화훈장 수훈…송강호·허영만은 보관문화훈장. Park. Hae-shik. Kang Soo-yeon and Park Chan-wook, awarded with the Silver Crown Order of Cultural Merit... Song Kang-ho and Heo Young-man received the Order of Cultural Merit. Sports DongA. Naver. November 24, 2022. November 24, 2022. ko. 24 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221124021832/https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=382&aid=0001018068. live.
  167. Web site: 2004-01-07 . [한국의 미래 열어갈 100인]⑥ 문화예술 15인 ]. [100 people who will open up the future of Korea]⑥ 15 people in culture and art . 2023-08-18 . . ko.
  168. Web site: [대중문화 빅리더 30人] 더 굳건해진 'CJ 제국' 아성…유재석ㆍ강호동 예능 양분 : 네이트 연예 ]. [30 big leaders of public culture] Stronger 'CJ Empire'... Yoo Jae-seok and Kang Ho-dong entertainment: Nate Entertainment . 2023-08-08 . 네이트 뉴스 . ko.
  169. Web site: [대중문화 빅리더 30人] 더 굳건해진 'CJ 제국' 아성…유재석ㆍ강호동 예능 양분 ]. [30 big leaders of public culture] Stronger 'CJ Empire'... Yoo Jae-seok and Kang Ho-dong entertainment Yangbun . 2023-08-08 . entertain.naver.com . ko.
  170. Web site: 2005-07-15 . 누가 연예 산업을 움직 이는가 . who runs the entertainment industry . 2023-08-12 . . ko.
  171. Web site: 2008-12-15 . [영화]작품성·흥행성'두 마리 토끼' 잡는 스크린의 거인들 ]. [Movie] The giants of the screen who catch the 'two rabbits' of the work and the box office . 2023-08-12 . . ko.
  172. Web site: 2009-10-20 . [영화] 스크린의 지평 넓히는 명장들의 아름다운 경쟁 ]. [Movie] Beautiful competition of masters who broaden the horizons of the screen . 2023-08-12 . . ko.
  173. Web site: 2015-10-22 . [2015 차세대 리더 100] '설국열차' 멈췄어도 봉준호는 달린다 ]. 2023-08-12 . . ko.
  174. Web site: 2017-10-24 . [2017 차세대 리더-문화·예술·스포츠②] 조성진 박찬호 추신수 조수미 ]. [2017 Next Generation Leader-Culture, Art, Sports2] Cho Sung-jin, Park Chan-ho, Choo Shin-soo, Jo Soo-mi . 2023-08-12 . . ko.
  175. Web site: 2019-08-13 . [누가 한국을 움직이는가] '봉준호: 더 비기닝' 시작됐다 ]. [Who Moves Korea] 'Bong Joon-ho: The Beginning' has started . 2023-08-12 . . ko.
  176. Web site: 2020-08-20 . [누가 한국을 움직이는가] '봉준호 월드'는 이제 시작이다 ]. 2023-08-13 . . ko.
  177. Web site: 2021-08-19 . 국내 무대는 이제 좁은 봉준호의 영향력 [누가 한국을 움직이는가] ]. The domestic stage is now the influence of the narrow Bong Joon-ho [Who moves Korea] . 2023-08-12 . . ko.
  178. Web site: 2022-08-15 . 멈추지 않는 봉준호의 열차, 하나의 장르가 되다 [2022 누가 한국을 움직이는가] ]. Bong Joon-ho's train that never stops becomes a genre [2022 Who moves Korea] . 2023-08-12 . . ko.
  179. Web site: 2023-08-11 . '봉준호 열차'의 질주는 계속된다 [2023 누가 한국을 움직이는가] ]. The 'Bong Joon-ho Train' continues to run [2023 Who moves Korea] . 2023-08-12 . . ko.

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