Pareledone Explained

Pareledone is a genus of octopuses in the family Megaleledonidae.^[1]

Species

• Pareledone adelieana (Berry, 1917)
• Pareledone aequipapillae Allcock, 2005^[2]
• Pareledone albimaculata Allcock, 2005
• Pareledone antarctica (Thiele, 1920) *
• Pareledone aurata Allcock, 2005
• Pareledone charcoti (Joubin, 1905)
• Pareledone cornuta Allcock, 2005
• Pareledone felix Allcock, Strugnell, Prodohl, Piatkowski & Vecchione, 2007^[3]
• Pareledone framensis (Lu & Stranks, 1994)
• Pareledone harrissoni (Berry, 1917)
• Pareledone panchroma Allcock, 2005
• Pareledone polymorpha (Robson, 1930)
• Pareledone prydzensis (Lu & Stranks, 1994)
• Pareledone serperastrata Allcock, 2005
• Pareledone subtilis Allcock, 2005
• Pareledone turqueti (Joubin, 1905), Turquet's octopus

The species listed above with an asterisk (*) are questionable and need further study to determine if they are valid species or synonyms.

RNA editing

Some octopuses exhibit the ability to alter speeds of sodium and potassium ion movement across cell membranes, allowing them to live in very cold water. Researchers at the University of Puerto Rico's Institute of Neurobiology found that a member of the Pareledone genus collected from McMurdo Station, Antarctica could speed up the gating kinetics of its potassium channels in cold water to keep up with sodium ion exchange, whose channel is less temperature sensitive. This alteration in the rate of opening is accomplished through RNA editing, in which specific deamination of an adenosine nucleotide to inosine results in a change in a single amino acid in the potassium channel's voltage sensor, destabilizing the open state.^[4] They are now looking into whether individuals can alter their protein synthesis in response to changing temperatures, or if this change occurs species-wide, over long-term adaptations.^[5] If changes are possible by the individual, these octopuses might be able to adapt quickly to changing climate scenarios.^[6]

Notes and References

1. Web site: Megaleledonidae Taki, 1961 . 1 February 2018 . Flanders Marine Institute . Phillippe Bouchet . 2015 . World Register of Marine Species.
2. Allcock . A. L. . On the confusion surrounding Pareledone charcoti (Joubin, 1905) (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae): endemic radiation in the Southern Ocean . 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00146.x . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 143 . 1 . 75–108 . 2005 . free .
3. Allcock . A. L. . Strugnell . J. M. . Prodöhl . P. . Piatkowski . U. . Vecchione . M. . A new species of Pareledone (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) from Antarctic Peninsula Waters . 10.1007/s00300-006-0248-9 . Polar Biology . 30 . 7 . 883–893 . 2007 .
4. Garrett. Sandra. Rosenthal. Joshua J.C.. Science. 335. 6070. 848-851. 2012. RNA Editing Underlies Temperature Adaptation in K+ Channels from Polar Octopuses. 10.1126/science.1212795. 22223739. 4219319.
5. Garrett. Sandra C.. RNA editing and cold adaptation in cephalopods. University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus. PhD. 2012. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. 24 December 2023.
6. Book: Courage, Katherine Harmon . Octopus! . 2013 . The Penguin Group . USA . 978-1-59184-527-0.