Paratrichodorus Explained

Paratrichodorus is a genus of terrestrial root feeding (stubby-root) nematodes in the Trichodoridae family (trichorids), being one of five genera.^[1] They are economically important plant parasites and virus vectors. The females are didelphic (two genital tracts), and are distributed worldwide.

Taxonomy

Historically, Trichodorus formed the only genus in the Trichodoridae family. Then Trichodorus was split into two genera in 1974 by Siddiqi, Trichodorus and Paratrichodorus. The genus, which is the second largest in the family consists of 34 species.^[2] Siddiqi based the separation on the position of the gland nuclei and the type of pharyngo-intestinal junction.

Subdivision

Using the same characteristics as those establishing the genus, Siddiqi described three subgenera, Paratrichodorus, Atlantadorus and Nanidorus, but Decraemer did not support the validity of this.^[3] While the latter approach has not been accepted by some authorities,^[3] Siddiqi elevated them to genus status in 1980,^[4] an approach that few other authors have followed, but maintained by that author,^[5] and now receiving some support from modern molecular approaches to taxonomy. At least in the case of Nanidorus, phylogenetic analysis has supported its recognition as a separate genus, although clustering with Trichodorus rather than its parent Paratrichodorus.

Plant pathology

Trichorids became of interest in 1951.^[6] At that time Trichodorus christie (=Paratrichodorus minor) was recognised as a pest of crops in Florida.

Bibliography

• Blaxter. Mark L.. De Ley. Paul. Garey. James R.. Liu. Leo X.. Scheldeman. Patsy. Vierstraete. Andy. Vanfleteren. Jacques R.. Mackey. Laura Y.. Dorris. Mark. Frisse. Linda M.. Vida. J. T.. Thomas. W. Kelley. A molecular evolutionary framework for the phylum Nematoda. Nature. 5 March 1998. 392. 6671. 71–75. 10.1038/32160. 9510248. 4301939.
• Book: Lee. Donald L. The biology of nematodes. 2010. Taylor & Francis. London. 978-0415272117. 16 December 2014.
• De Ley, P & Blaxter, M 2004, 'A new system for Nematoda: combining morphological characters with molecular trees, and translating clades into ranks and taxa'. in R Cook & DJ Hunt (eds), Nematology Monographs and Perspectives. vol. 2, E.J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 633–653.
• Book: Decraemer. W.. The family Trichodoridae: stubby root and virus vector nematodes. 1995. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dordrecht. 978-0792337737. 15 December 2014.
  • DECRAEMER, W. & BAUJARD, P., 1998. Additions and corrections to: Decraemer: The Family Trichodoridae. Fundamental and Applied Nematology 21 (2): 207-212.
• Book: Zuckerman. B.N.. Mai. W.F.. Rohde. R.A.. Plant Parasitic Nematodes: Volume I. Morphology, Anatomy, Taxonomy, and Ecology. 1971. Elsevier Science. Oxford. 978-0323154246. 15 December 2014. .
• Book: Perry. Roland N.. Moens. Maurice. Plant nematology. 2013. CABI. Boston, MA. 978-1780641515. 2. 16 December 2014.
• Brown. Derek. Neilson. Roy. Decraemer. Wilfrida. Duarte. de Almeida. Maria Teresa M.. Marques. Isabel. Phylogenetic relationships, based on SSU rDNA sequences, among the didelphic genera of the family Trichodoridae from Portugal. Nematology. 1 February 2010. 12. 2. 171–180. 10.1163/156854109X461721. . 1822/18363. free.
• Kumari. S.. Subbotin. S. A.. Molecular characterization and diagnostics of stubby root and virus vector nematodes of the family Trichodoridae (Nematoda: Triplonchida) using ribosomal RNA genes. Plant Pathology. December 2012. 61. 6. 1021–1031. 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2012.02598.x. free.

Notes and References

1. http://plpnemweb.ucdavis.edu/nemaplex/Taxamnus/G097mnu.htm Order Triplochida: Paratrichodorus
2. 2586508 . 19259501 . 39 . 4 . The who, what and where of longidoridae and trichodoridae . J Nematol . 295–7 . Decraemer . W . Robbins . RT. 2007 .
3. http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_5/pt5/nemato/21369.pdf Decraemer, W. 1980. Systematics of the Trichodoridae (Nematoda) with keys to their species. Revue. Nematol. 3(1): 81-99.
4. SIDDIQI, M.R. (1980). On the generic status of Atlantadorus Siddiqi, 1974 and Nanidorus Siddiqi, 1974 (Nematoda: Trichodoridae).Systematic Parasitology 1, 151-152.
5. Siddiqi . M.R. . 2002 . Ecuadorus equatorius gen. n., sp. and Nanidorus mexicanus sp. n. (Nematoda: Trichodoridae) . International Journal of Nematology . 12 . 197–202 .
6. CHRISTIE, J. R. & PERRY, V. G. (1951). Removing nematodes from soil. Proc. helm. Soc. Wasb. 18: 106-108.