Paracoccidioides lutzii explained

Paracoccidioides lutzii is a dimorphic fungus that is one of the causal agents of paracoccidioidomycosis, together with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis.[1] Unlike P. brasiliensis, which is found throughout Central and South America, P. lutzii is found only in Brazil and Ecuador.[2] It is less virulent than P. brasiliensis.[3]

History

Paracoccidioides species were discovered by Adolfo Lutz in 1908 in Brazil.[4] P. lutzii was formerly classified "PB-01 like", and proposed as a new species in 2014,[5] being discovered in the Central-West region of Brazil.[6] The infection it causes is considered to be a neglected endemic mycosis, a type of neglected tropical disease.[7]

Ecology

P. lutzii occurs in nature as a filamentous structure. It forms conidia as part of its life cycle, which cause infection when inhaled into the respiratory tract of humans.

Epidemiology

Little is known about the epidemiology of the new species, as most previous epidemiological reports have focused on P. brasiliensis.[8] Infection with the Paracoccidioides species, known as paracoccidioidomycosis, may be asymptomatic and subclinical, or may form into either acute/subacute (juvenile) or chronic (adult) forms of the disease. P. lutzii has less adhesion to lung cells than P. brasilensis, potentially explaining its decreased virulence.

It is predominantly distributed in the Central west and Amazon regions of Brazil and Ecuador.

Social and environmental changes, including increased agriculturalization, deforestation in Brazil, expansion of settlements and coffee agriculture could explain the increased incidence of Paracoccidioidies, especially in the Rondônia state of Brazil.[9]

Notes and References

  1. Hrycyk. Marluce Francisca. Garcia Garces. Hans. Bosco. Sandra de Moraes Gimenes. de Oliveira. Sílvio Luis. Marques. Sílvio Alencar. Bagagli. Eduardo. 2018-01-06. Ecology of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, P. lutzii and related species: infection in armadillos, soil occurrence and mycological aspects. Medical Mycology. 56. 8. 950–962. 10.1093/mmy/myx142. 29325170. free.
  2. Gonzalez. Angel. Hernandez. Orville. 2016. New insights into a complex fungal pathogen: the case of Paracoccidioides spp.. Yeast. 33. 4. 113–128. 10.1002/yea.3147. 26683539. free.
  3. Mendes-Giannini. Maria J. S.. Fusco-Almeida. Ana M.. Alarcon. Kaila M.. Singulani. Junya de Lacorte. Da Silva. Julhiany De Fátima. de Paula E Silva. Ana C. A.. Scorzoni. Liliana. Marcos. Caroline M.. Assato. Patrícia A.. 2015. Paracoccidioides-host Interaction: An Overview on Recent Advances in the Paracoccidioidomycosis. Frontiers in Microbiology. en. 6. 1319. 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01319. 26635779. 4658449. free.
  4. Book: Lacaz, CS . Franco . 1994 . Historical evolution of the knowledge on paracoccidioidomycosis and its etiologic agent, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis . Boca Raton . CRC Press . 1–11.
  5. Soares Felipe. Maria Sueli. San-Blas. Gioconda. Bagagli. Eduardo. Hahn. Rosane Christine. Machado. Gabriel Capella. Oliveira. Fabiana Freire Mendes de. Theodoro. Raquel Cordeiro. Teixeira. Marcus de Melo. 2014. 23768243. Paracoccidioides lutzii sp. nov.: biological and clinical implications. Medical Mycology. 52. 1. 19–28. 10.3109/13693786.2013.794311. free.
  6. Camargo. Zoilo Pires de. Hahn. Rosane Christine. Paniago. Anamaria Mello Miranda. Rodrigues. Anderson Messias. Pereira. Edy Firmina. Araujo. Leticia Mendes. Gegembauer. Gregory. 2014-07-17. Serology of Paracoccidioidomycosis Due to Paracoccidioides lutzii. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 8. 7. e2986. 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002986. 25032829. 4102441 . free .
  7. Queiroz-Telles. Flavio. Fahal. Ahmed Hassan. Falci. Diego R. Caceres. Diego H. Chiller. Tom. Pasqualotto. Alessandro C. November 2017. Neglected endemic mycoses. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 17. 11. e367–e377. 10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30306-7. 28774696.
  8. Martinez. Roberto. September 2015. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo. 57. suppl 19. 11–20. 10.1590/S0036-46652015000700004. 26465364. 4711199. Epidemiology of Paracoccidioidomycosis.
  9. Shikanai-Yasuda. Maria Aparecida. Mendes. Rinaldo Pôncio. Colombo. Arnaldo Lopes. Queiroz-Telles. Flávio de. Kono. Adriana Satie Gonçalves. Paniago. Anamaria M. M. Nathan. André. Valle. Antonio Carlos Francisconi do. Bagagli. Eduardo. 2017-07-12. Brazilian guidelines for the clinical management of paracoccidioidomycosis. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical. 50. 5. 715–740. 10.1590/0037-8682-0230-2017. 28746570. free. 11449/163455. free.

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