| Native Name: | German: Pappenheim-Alesheim |
| Conventional Long Name: | Pappenheim-Alesheim |
| Common Name: | Pappenheim-Alesheim |
| Status: | Vassal |
| Empire: | Holy Roman Empire |
| Status Text: | State of the Holy Roman Empire |
| Era: | Middle Ages |
| Government Type: | Feudal monarchy |
| Year Start: | 1444 |
| Year End: | 1697 |
| Event Start: | Partitioned from Pappenheim |
| Event1: | Formation of Catholic and Evangelical lines |
| Date Event1: | 1628 |
| Event End: | Superseded by Pappenheim |
| P1: | Pappenheim (state)Pappenheim |
| S1: | Pappenheim (state)Pappenheim |
| Capital: | Alesheim |
| Common Languages: | German |
| Religion: | Roman Catholic Lutheran 1562 |
| Title Leader: | Lord |
| Today: | Germany |
Pappenheim-Alesheim (sometimes Pappenheim-Alzheim) was a statelet in the Holy Roman Empire that existed from 1444 until 1697.
Alesheim was first mentioned in 1214 and was part of the territories of the Prince-Bishopric of Eichstätt. The House of Pappenheim exercised the low jurisdiction in Alesheim and some neighbouring districts.[1]
In 1444 the heirs of Haupt II, Marshall of Pappenheim partitioned the family's holdings between themselves. Alesheim and its surrounds passed to Sigmund II, Haupt's youngest son. The core hereditary lands of the family were ruled jointly by all branches, and the office of the Imperial Marshall of the Holy Roman Empire was held by the family's most senior agnate.
Like the other branches of the Pappenheim family, Pappenheim-Alesheim converted to the Lutheran faith in the middle of the 16th Century.
In 1628 Philip was made an Imperial Count for services rendered during the Thirty Years' War. Philip died without descendants in 1651. His distant cousin Wolfgang Philip had converted to Roman Catholicism shortly prior to his death, and in 1652 was recognised by the Emperor with the Imperial Count title. This Catholic line would die with his son Louis Francis in 1697. Meanwhile, the rest of the family remained evangelical.
In 1647 the Pappenheim-Alesheim line became the last remaining branch of the Pappenheim family following the extinction of the Treuchtlingen line, and the Evangelical line became the last following the extinction of the Catholic line in 1697.