1144 papal election explained

Year:1144
Notconclave:true
Dates:9 March 1144
Location:Rome
Dean:Corrado Demetri della Suburra
Protopriest:Gerardo Caccianemici
Protodeacon:Gregorio Tarquini
Pope Elected:Gerardo Caccianemici
Nametaken:Lucius II
Prevconclave Year:1143
Prevconclave Link:1143 papal election
Nextconclave Year:1145
Nextconclave Link:1145 papal election

The 1144 papal election followed the death of Pope Celestine II and resulted in the election of Pope Lucius II.

Election of Lucius II

Pope Celestine II died on 8 March 1144 at Rome, after a pontificate of only five months.[1] The election of his successor took place in the shadow of this municipal revolution, which opposed the secular rule of the Pope.[2] Celestine II was unable to recover full control over the city of Rome; in addition he had to face also the demands of the king Roger II of Sicily.[3] This problem remained unresolved on his death, because he had refused to confirm the privileges granted to Roger by his predecessor Innocent II.[4]

The cardinals present at Rome elected Cardinal Gerardo Caccianemici, priest of the titulus of S. Croce in Gerusalemme and former canon regular of S. Frediano di Lucca. The details concerning the place of the election or the exact date of electoral proceedings are not registered.[5] Since the elect was chancellor of the Holy See and close collaborator of both Innocent II and Celestine II, it may be assumed that the cardinals wanted to continue their policy, friendly towards the Empire and hostile towards the king Roger.[6] The elect took the name Lucius II and received episcopal consecration on 12 March 1144.[7]

Cardinal-electors

There were probably 39 cardinals in the Sacred College of Cardinals in March 1144.[8] Based on examination of the subscriptions of the papal bulls in 1144[9] and the available data about the external missions of the cardinals, it is possible to establish that no more than 36 cardinals participated in the election:

ElectorCardinalatial TitleElevatedElevatorNotes
Corrado Demetri della SuburraBishop of Sabina1113/14Paschalis IIDean of the College of Cardinals
future Pope Anastasius IV (1153–1154)
Theodwin, O.S.B.Bishop of Santa Rufinaca. 1133Innocent II
Alberic de Beauvais, O.S.B.ClunyBishop of Ostia3 April 1138Innocent II
Étienne de Châlons, O.Cist.Bishop of Palestrina21 February 1141Innocent II
Imar, O.S.B.ClunyBishop of Tusculum13 March 1142Innocent II
PietroBishop of Albano17 September 1143Innocent II
Gerardo Caccianemici, Can.Reg.Priest of S. Croce in Gerusalemme9 March 1123Callixtus IIProtopriest
Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church; elected Pope Lucius II
Guido FlorentinusPriest of S. Crisogono1139Innocent II
RainieroPriest of S. Prisca22 December 1139Innocent II
GoizoPriest of S. Cecilia22 December 1139Innocent II
Gregorio della SuburraPriest of S. Maria in Trastevere1 March 1140Innocent II
TommasoPriest of S. Vitale1 March 1140Innocent II
PietroPriest of S. Pudenziana20 September 1140Innocent IIArchpriest of the Vatican Basilica
Ubaldo AllucingoliPriest of S. Prassede16 December 1138Innocent IIFuture Pope Lucius III (1181–1185)
UbaldoPriest of SS. Giovanni e Paolo19 December 1141Innocent II
GilbertoPriest of S. Marco13 March 1142Innocent II
NiccoloPriest of S. Ciriaco13 March 1142Innocent II
ManfredoPriest of S. Sabina17 December 1143Celestine II
RainieroPriest of S. Stefano in Monte Celio17 December 1143Celestine II
Guido de SummaPriest of S. Lorenzo in Damaso17 December 1143Celestine II
AribertoPriest of S. Anastasia17 December 1143Celestine II
Gregorio TarquiniDeacon of SS. Sergio e Bacco9 March 1123Callixtus IIProtodeacon
Odone BonecaseDeacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro4 March 1132Innocent II
Guido PisanoDeacon of SS. Cosma e Damiano4 March 1132Innocent II
GerardoDeacon of S. Maria in Domnica27 May 1138Innocent II
Guido de Castro FicecloDeacon of Holy Roman Church1139Innocent II
PietroDeacon of S. Maria in Aquiro21 February 1141Innocent II
PietroDeacon of S. Maria in Portico19 September 1141Innocent II
GregorioDeacon of the Holy Roman Church19 December 1141Innocent II
GregorioDeacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria17 December 1143Celestine II
Astaldo degli AstalliDeacon of S. Eustachio17 December 1143Celestine II
Giovanni Caccianemici, Can.Reg.Deacon of S. Maria Nuova17 December 1143Celestine IINephew of the elect
Giovanni PaparoniDeacon of S. Adriano17 December 1143Celestine II
Ugo NovariensisDeacon of S. Lucia in Orphea17 December 1143Celestine II
RodolfoDeacon of S. Lucia in Septisolio17 December 1143Celestine II

Twenty two electors were created by Pope Innocent II, ten by Celestine II, two by Pope Callixtus II and one by Pope Paschalis II.

Absentees

ElectorCardinalatial TitleElevatedElevatorNotes
Rainaldo di Collemezzo, O.S.B.Cas.Priest of SS. Marcellino e Pietroca. 1139-1141Innocent IIAbbot of Montecassino (external cardinal[10])
Adenulf, O.S.B.Deacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin16 December 1132Innocent IIAbbot of Farfa; papal legate in Germany[11]
Ottaviano de MonticelliDeacon of S. Nicola in Carcere25 February 1138Innocent IIPapal legate in the Kingdom of Sicily;[12] future Antipope Victor IV (1159–1164)

Sources

Notes and References

  1. Jaffé, II, p. 7
  2. Robinson, p. 78.
  3. See Robinson, p. 387
  4. See Robinson, p. 387
  5. Jaffé, II, p. 7. Election in 1143 took place in the Lateran Basilica, in 1145 at the church S. Cesareo in Palatio.
  6. Robinson, p. 387
  7. Robinson, p. 525; Jaffé, II, p. 7.
  8. Reconstruction is based on Brixius, p. 22 note 4 with the following corrections: Bishop Rodolfo of Orte has been excluded because he was not a cardinal at that time (Zenker, p. 52-53). Additionally, Brixius indicates that also Bernardo da Pisa, future Pope Eugene III, belonged to the College of Cardinals (similarly Zenker, pp. 184–187), but see M. Horn: Studien zur Geschichte Papst Eugens III. (1145–1153), Peter Lang Verlag 1992, pp. 42–45.
  9. Jaffé, p.1 and 7
  10. Zenker, p. 191–192; see also G. Loud, The Latin Church in Norman Italy, Cambridge University Press, 2007, p. 157-158
  11. Mary Stroll, The Medieval Abbey of Farfa: Target of Papal and Imperial Ambitions, BRILL 1997, p. 254
  12. he did not subscribe any papal bulls between 19 February and 14 May 1144 (Jaffé, p.1 and 7)

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