Panopea (bivalve) explained

Panopea is a genus of large marine bivalve molluscs or clams in the family Hiatellidae. There are 10 described species in Panopea.^[1] Many of them are known under the common name "geoduck".

Extant species

• Panopea abbreviata (Valenciennes, 1839) – southern geoduck
• Panopea australis (G.B. Sowerby I, 1833)
• Panopea bitruncata (Conrad, 1872)
• Panopea generosa Gould, 1850 – Pacific geoduck
• Panopea globosa Dall, 1898 – Cortes geoduck
• Panopea glycimeris (Born, 1778)
• Panopea japonica Adams, 1850 – Japanese geoduck^[2]
• Panopea smithae Powell, 1950
• Panopea zelandica Quoy & Gaimard, 1835 – deepwater clam^[3]

Extinct species

Extinct species within this genus include:^[4]

• † Panopea abrupta (Conrad, 1849) (extinct Miocene fossil)^[5]
• † Panopea depressa Martin 1859
• † Panopea dockensis Olsson and Petit 1964^[6]
• † Panopea elongata Conrad 1835
• † Panopea gastaldii Michelotti 1861
• † Panopea gurgitis Brongniart, 1822
• † Panopea intermedia Sowerby 1814
• † Panopea mackrothi Geinitz 1857
• † Panopea montignyana Martin 1859
• † Panopea orientalis Forbes 1846
• † Panopea remondii Gabb 1864
• † Panopea toulai Lundgren 1895
• † Panopea vaudini Deshayes 1857

The fossil record of the genus dates back to the Cretaceous (and maybe the Triassic) (age range: 242.0 to 0.012 million years ago). These fossils have been found all over the world.

Notes and References

1. Serge Gofas . 2012 . Panopea Ménard, 1807 . Marine Mollusca . 225484 . February 21, 2012.
2. Rocha-Olivares, A. . L. E. Calderon-Aguilera . E. A. Aragón-Noriega . N. C. Saavedra-Sotelo . V. M. Moreno-Rivera . amp . 2010 . Genetic and morphological variation of Northeast Pacific Panopea clams: evolutionary implications . . 29 . 2 . 327–335 . 10.2983/035.029.0207 . 86739843 . subscription.
3. Book: Powell A. W. B. . Arthur William Baden Powell . 1979 . New Zealand Mollusca . . Auckland, New Zealand . 0-00-216906-1.
4. http://paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=basicTaxonInfo&taxon_no=18482 Paleobiology Database: Panopea
5. Vadopalas B. . Pietsch T. W. . Friedman C. S. . amp . 2010 . The proper name for the geoduck: resurrection of Panopea generosa Gould, 1850, from the synonymy of Panopea abrupta (Conrad, 1849) (Bivalvia: Myoida: Hiatellidae) . . 52 . 1 . 169–173 . 10.4002/040.052.0111 . 84189390 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20121109001650/http://www11.cac.washington.edu/burkemuseum/collections/ichthyology/documents/pietsch/Geoduck.pdf . 2012-11-09 .
6. Web site: Fossilworks: Panopea dockensis. fossilworks.org. 17 December 2021.