| Murcian Spanish | |
| Nativename: | Spanish; Castilian: murciano |
| Pronunciation: | pronounced as /es/ |
| States: | Spain |
| Region: | Murcia, Andalusia (Almería, partially in Jaén and Granada), Castile-La Mancha (Albacete) and Valencia (Vega Baja, Alicante) |
| Speakers: | ? |
| Familycolor: | Indo-European |
| Fam2: | Italic |
| Fam3: | Latino-Faliscan |
| Fam4: | Romance |
| Fam5: | Italo-Western |
| Fam6: | Western |
| Fam7: | Ibero-Romance |
| Fam8: | West Iberian |
| Fam9: | Castilian |
| Fam10: | Spanish |
| Fam11: | Peninsular Spanish |
| Ancestor: | Proto-Indo-European |
| Ancestor2: | Proto-Italic |
| Ancestor3: | Proto-Latino-Faliscan |
| Ancestor4: | Old Latin |
| Ancestor5: | Vulgar Latin |
| Ancestor6: | ... |
| Ancestor7: | Old Spanish |
| Ancestor8: | Early Modern Spanish |
| Script: | Spanish orthography (Latin script) |
| Nation: | Spain |
| Isoexception: | dialect |
| Glotto: | none |
| Ietf: | es-u-sd-esmc |
| Map: | Dialecto_murciano.png |
| Notice: | IPA |
Murcian (endonym: Spanish; Castilian: murciano) is a variant of Peninsular Spanish, spoken mainly in the autonomous community of Murcia and the adjacent comarcas of Vega Baja del Segura and Alto Vinalopó in the province of Alicante (Valencia), the corridor of Almansa in Albacete (Castile-La Mancha). In a greater extent, it may also include some areas that were part of the former Kingdom of Murcia, such as southeastern Albacete (now part of Castile La Mancha) and parts of Jaén and Almería (now part of Andalusia).
The linguistic varieties of Murcian form a dialect continuum with Eastern Andalusian and Manchego Peninsular Spanish.
Murcian is considered a separate language of Spanish by some of its native speakers and by proponents Murcianism, who call it Spanish; Castilian: llengua murciana.[1] [2] The term Spanish; Castilian: panocho is also used to designate the Murcian language, however it mostly refers to the variety spoken in the Spanish; Castilian: comarca of the .
Murcian emerged from the mixture of several linguistic varieties that joined together after the Kingdom of Murcia was conquered by the Crown of Aragon and the Crown of Castile and populated with principally northeastern settlers between the 13th and 14th centuries. The linguistic varieties were mainly Tudmir's Romance (a type of Andalusi Romance), Arabic, Aragonese, Old Castilian and Occitano-Catalan. In modern times Murcian has also been influenced by French and Caló.
The most notable characteristics of a Murcian accent involve the heavy reduction of syllable-final consonants, as well as the frequent loss of pronounced as //d// from the suffixes . No non-nasal consonants are permitted in word-final position. As is typical of Spanish, syllable-final nasals are neutralized, and assimilate to the place of articulation of a following consonant. In Murcian, as in many other varieties, the word-final nasal is typically realized as a velar pronounced as /link/ when not followed by a consonant.
Non-liquid, non-nasal postvocalic consonants in the syllable coda assimilate to both the place and the manner of articulation of the following consonant, producing a geminate. For instance, historical pronounced as //pt//, pronounced as //kt// and pronounced as //st// all fall together as pronounced as //tt//, rendering cacto 'cactus', casto 'chaste' and capto 'I understand' homophonous as pronounced as /[ˈkatto]/. Historical pronounced as //kst// also joins this neutralization, rendering sexta 'sixth' (f.) homophonous with secta 'sect' as pronounced as /[ˈsetta]/. Other historical postvocalic clusters affected by this include pronounced as //sp, sd, sk, sɡ, sm, sn, sl//, in each case producing a geminated second element: pronounced as /[pp, dd, kk, ɡɡ, mm, nn, ll]/ (with pronounced as /[ðð]/ being an alternative to pronounced as /[dd]/). This produces minimal pairs differentiated by consonant length, such as cisne pronounced as /[ˈθinne]/ 'swan' vs. cine pronounced as /[ˈθine]/ 'cinema'. This process also occurs across word boundaries, as in los nenes pronounced as /[lɔnˈnɛnɛ]/ 'the kids'.
Syllable-final pronounced as //r// can assimilate to a following pronounced as //l// or pronounced as //n//, while syllable-final pronounced as //l// may assimilate to a following pronounced as //r// and become a tapped pronounced as /[ɾ]/ before any other consonant.
In casual speech, syllable- and word-final pronounced as //s// is never pronounced as a sibilant pronounced as /[s]/. It is usually elided entirely or forms part of a geminate, although in areas bordering Andalusia it may be debuccalized, pronounced as an pronounced as /[h]/.
While the word is frequently realized as in all Spanish varieties, in Murcian Spanish this is much more widespread, being more common among the upper classes and in more formal situations than in other zones.[3]
In older working-class rural speech, syllable-final pronounced as //s// surfaces as pronounced as /link/ before word-initial consonants (particularly the voiced plosives and pronounced as //n//), as in los vasos pronounced as /[lɔɾ ˈβæsɔ]/ 'the glasses'. pronounced as //b, d, ɡ// are lenited after this allophone. The replacement of pronounced as /link/ with pronounced as /link/ is perceived as a very marked feature of rural Murcian, and it is disapproved of by the local population.
There are linguistic phenomena characteristic of traditional Murcian speech, many of which are or were usual in other linguistic varieties (Aragonese, Mozarabic, Catalan, Andalusian, etc.):
| Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | ||
| Close-mid | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | ||
| Open-mid | (pronounced as /link/) | (pronounced as /link/) | ||
| Open | (pronounced as /link/) | pronounced as /link/ | ||
The vowel system of Murcian Spanish is essentially the same of Eastern Andalusian.
The open-mid vowels pronounced as /[{{IPAplink|ɛ}}, {{IPAplink|ɔ}}]/ as well as the open front pronounced as /link/ are realizations of pronounced as //eC, oC, aC// (where (IPA|C) stands for any consonant other than pronounced as //n// or pronounced as //d//)[4] in the syllable coda. Due to vowel harmony, the close-mid pronounced as /[{{IPAplink|e}}, {{IPAplink|o}}]/ and the open central pronounced as /link/ (hereafter transcribed without the diacritic) are banned from occurring in any syllable preceding that with pronounced as /[{{IPAplink|ɛ}}, {{IPAplink|ɔ}}, {{IPAplink|æ}}]/. This change is sometimes[5] called vowel opening, but this is completely inaccurate for pronounced as /link/, which is not only more back than pronounced as /link/ but also lower than it. Thus, the contrast between mañanas pronounced as //maˈɲanas// and the singular form mañana pronounced as //maˈɲana// 'morning' surfaces as a contrast of vowel quality: pronounced as /[mæˈɲænæ, maˈɲana]/, rather than the presence of terminal pronounced as /[s]/ in the former word.
The close vowels have no contextual allophones, and they are consistently realized as close pronounced as /[{{IPAplink|i}}, {{IPAplink|u}}]/. Thus, there is no difference between underlying pronounced as //i, u// and pronounced as //is, us// in most contexts, with both being realized as pronounced as /[{{IPAplink|i}}, {{IPAplink|u}}]/, without any trace of the final fricative in the latter case.
The diminutive suffix is, which is likely related to .