Panchanan Karmakar Explained

Panchanan Karmakar
Native Name:পঞ্চানন কর্মকার
Native Name Lang:bn
Birth Place:Jirat, Hooghly, Bengal Presidency, British India
Death Date:1804

Panchanan Karmakar (Mallick) (died c. 1804) was an Indian Bengali inventor, born at Tribeni, Hooghly, Bengal Presidency, British India,[1] hailed from Serampore. He assisted Charles Wilkins in creating the first the Bangla type.[2] His wooden Bengali alphabet and typeface had been used until Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar proposed a simplified version.[3] Apart from Bangla, Karmakar developed type in 14 languages, including Arabic, Persian, Marathi, Telugu, Burmese and Chinese.[2]

Early life and career

Karmakar was born in Tribeni.[4] His ancestors were calligraphers; they inscribed names and decorations on copper plates, weapons, metal pots, etc.[2]

Andrews, a Christian missionary, had a printing press at Hughli. In order to print Nathaniel Brassey Halhed's A Grammar of the Bengal Language, he needed a Bangla type.[2] Under the supervision of English typographer Charles Wilkins, Karmakar[5] created the first Bengali typeface for printing.[6] [7] [8]

In 1779, Karmakar moved to Kolkata to work for Wilkins' new printing press.[2] in Chinsurah, Hooghly. In 1801, he developed a typeface for British missionary William Carey's Bangla translation of the New Testament.[9] In 1803, Karmakar developed a set of Devnagari script, the first Nagari type to be developed in India.[2]

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Panchanan Karmakar - Banglapedia. 2021-07-04. en.banglapedia.org. 2021-07-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190803/https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Panchanan_Karmakar. live.
  2. Book: Islam, Sirajul . 2012 . Panchanan Karmakar . http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Panchanan_Karmakar . Islam . Sirajul . Sirajul Islam . Hossain . Ayub . Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh . Second . . 2016-03-21 . 2016-04-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160403121143/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Panchanan_Karmakar . live .
  3. Web site: Vidyasagar, Pundit Iswar Chandra. Banglapedia. March 20, 2016. Ghulam Morshed. December 25, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181225011713/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Vidyasagar,_Ishwar_Chandra. live.
  4. Web site: পঞ্চানন কর্মকার. 2021-07-04. onushilon.org. 2021-07-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20210709183714/http://onushilon.org/corita/poncan-kormokar.htm. live.
  5. Book: Book History - Ezra Greenspan, Jonathan Rose . September 2003. 0271023309 . 2015-06-02. Greenspan . Ezra . Rose . Jonathan .
  6. Book: Works [ed. by E.R. Rost]. - Horace Hayman Wilson - |via=[[Internet Archive]] |year=1865 |accessdate=2015-06-02]. 273 . charles wilkins. .
  7. Web site: পঞ্চানন কর্মকার, তাঁর হাতেই ছাপার হরফ পেল বাংলা . 2024-06-10 . Eisamay . bn.
  8. Sarkar . Krishna Kumar . 2024-01-01 . Bangla Haraf Nirmata Panchanan Karmakar . Paschimbanga Itihas Samsad.
  9. News: Flower power resurrects Carey legacy. February 9, 2012. March 20, 2016. The Times of India. TNN. January 5, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170105094801/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Flower-power-resurrects-Carey-legacy/articleshow/11815226.cms. live.

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