Panaeolus cinctulus, syn. Panaeolus subbalteatus, commonly known as the banded mottlegill, weed Panaeolus, belted panaeolus,[1] or is a very common, widely distributed psilocybin mushroom. According to American naturalist and mycologist David Arora, Panaeolus cinctulus is the most common psilocybin mushroom in California.
During the early 1900s, these species were referred to as the "weed Panaeolus" because they were commonly found in beds of the commercially grown, grocery-store mushroom Agaricus bisporus. Mushroom farmers had to weed it out from the edible mushrooms because of its hallucinogenic properties.[2]
The descriptor subbalteatus comes from the Latin words sub ('somewhat') and balteat ('girdled'), a reference to the dark outer band of the cap.[3]
Morphologically, Panaeolus cinctulus can be easily confused with other species of psilocybin mushrooms. They have a resemblance to Panaeolus fimicola, and prefer the same habitats, but the latter species has sulphidia on the gill faces.
Panaeolus cinctulus is a cosmopolitan species that grows solitary to gregarious to cespitose (densely clumped) on compost piles, well-fertilized lawns and gardens, and, rarely, directly on horse dung.[5] It grows from Spring to Fall seasons. It grows abundantly after rain. It can be found in many regions, including: Africa (South Africa), Austria,[6] Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia[7]), Denmark,[6] Finland,[8] France,[7] Germany,[7] [6] Great Britain,[7] Guadeloupe,[6] Estonia,[7] Iceland,[7] India,[7] Ireland,[7] Italy,[7] South Korea,[7] Japan,[7] Mexico,[8] New Guinea,[7] New Zealand,[7] Norway,[6] Philippines,[7] Russia,[7] Slovenia,[6] South America (Argentina, Chile, Brazil)[7] and the United States (it is common in Oregon, Alaska, Washington, and both Northern and Southern California, but is also known to occur in all 50 states).
It has also been sighted in Melbourne, Australia, Central Queensland, Australia Belgium and The Czech Republic.
See main article: Legal status of psilocybin mushrooms. The legal status of psilocybin mushrooms varies worldwide. Psilocybin and psilocin are listed as Class A (United Kingdom) or Schedule I (US) drugs under the United Nations 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances. The possession and use of psilocybin mushrooms, including P. cinctulus, is therefore prohibited by extension. However, in many national, state, and provincial drug laws, there is a great deal of ambiguity about the legal status of psilocybin mushrooms and the spores of these mushrooms. Panaeolus cinctulus is mildly psychoactive.
| Panaeolus cinctulusFile:Panaeolus.subbalteatus.angryshroom.jpg | Panaeolus cinctulusFile:Panaeolus.subbalteatus.1.jpg | Panaeolus cinctulusFile:Panaeolus.subbalteatus.2.jpg | Panaeolus cinctulusFile:Panaeolus.subbalteatus.4.jpg | Panaeolus cinctulusFile:Panaeolus.subbalteatus.5.jpg | Panaeolus cinctulusFile:Panaeolus.subbalteatus.6.jpg | Panaeolus cinctulusFile:Panaeolus.subbalteatus.7.jpg | Panaeolus cinctulusFile:Panaeolus-cinctulus-spore-prints.jpg | Panaeolus cinctulus spore printsFile:Panaeolus subbalteatus.spores.jpg | Panaeolus cinctulus spores |
Sources: