| Conventional Long Name: | Pan Pan |
| Common Name: | Pan Pan kingdom |
| Religion: | Hinduism |
| S1: | Srivijaya |
| S2: | Tambralinga |
| Year Start: | 3rd century CE |
| Year End: | 7th century CE |
| Image Map Caption: | Approximate location of Pan Pan. |
| Common Languages: | Old Malay |
| Government Type: | Monarchy |
| Title Leader: | Raja |
| Leader1: | Kaundinya II |
| Today: | Malaysia Thailand |
Pan Pan or Panpan was a small Hindu kingdom believed to have existed around the 3rd to 7th century CE. It is believed to have been located on the east coast of the Malay Peninsula, with opinion varying from somewhere in Kelantan or Terengganu, in modern-day Malaysia[1] to the vicinity of Phunphin district, Surat Thani province, in modern Thailand.[2]
According to the Chinese text Jiu Tang Shu, Pan Pan was bordered in the south with Langkasuka,[1] and in the north with Tun Sun near the Kra Isthmus.[3] Jacq-Hergoualc'h speculates that the border may have been south of Nakhon Si Thammarat, possibly near Songkhla.[1]
After the northern neighbor Tun Sun gained independence from Funan and became Lang-chia or Lang-ya-hsiu in the late 5th century CE, its southern part joined Pan Pan in the 6th century,[3] while the northern territory became Dvaravati.[3]
It is speculated to be related to the Patani Kingdom, which occupied the same area many centuries later, and has some differences in culture and language to other Malay regions nearby.
Little is known about this kingdom.
Pan Pan sent its first missions to the Chinese Liu Song dynasty between 424 CE and 453[4] From here, Kaundinya II is said to have tried to re-introduce Hinduism to the Kingdom of Funan on the other side of the Gulf of Siam.[5]
Pan Pan sent tribute to the Liang dynasty and the Chen dynasty of China. in 529, 533, 534, 535 and 571[6] In 616 and 637, Pan Pan sent tribute to the Chinese Tang dynasty.[7]
The kingdom was later conquered by Srivijaya under the leadership of Dharmasetu before 775.[8]
Though rare, archeological discoveries show evidence of a lively economic flowering in the region through international maritime trade.[9]