Palingeniidae is a family of mayflies, members of which are known as spiny-headed burrowing mayflies. These are generally quite large mayflies with more than four longitudinal cross-veins on their wings. Males have short, wide pronotums and the legs are well-developed in both sexes. The cerci (tails) on females are shorter than the body. The nymphs live burrowed in the mud at the bottom of large streams and rivers.[1]
One of the best known members of the family is Palingenia longicauda, the Tisza mayfly after the European Tisza river, also known as the long-tailed mayfly and giant mayfly. It is the largest mayfly species in Europe, measuring 12cm (05inches) from head to tail.[2]