Paleobiota of the Solnhofen Limestone explained

Solnhofen Limestone
Type:Geological formation
Age:Kimmeridgian-Tithonian[1]
Prilithology:Lithographic limestone[2]
Period:Jurassic
Otherlithology:Slate,Dolomite, Flint
Namedfor:Solnhofen
Region:Bavaria
Country: Germany
Underlies:Usseltal Formation
Overlies:Treuchtlingen Formation
Map:Map of the Ettling quarry - Journal.pone.0116140.g001.png

The Solnhofen Limestone or Solnhofen Plattenkalk is a collective term for multiple Late Jurassic lithographic limestones in southeastern Germany, which is famous for its well preserved fossil flora and fauna dating to the late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian). The paleoenvironment is also often referred to as the Solnhofen Archipelago. The Solnhofen Archipelago was located at the northern edge of the Tethys Ocean as part of a shallow epicontinental sea and is firmly a part of the Mediterranean realm.[3]

Chondrichthyes

Holocephali

!Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Material!Notes!Images
Chimaeropsis[4] C. paradoxaSolnhofen, EichstättAltmühltal FormationFragmentary cranial remains and one complete specimen[5] Holotype destroyed in WW2 airraid
IschyodusI. egertoniEichstätt, WattendorfAltmühltal Formation, Torleite FormationMultiple complete specimens
I. quenstedtiMay be a junior synonym of I. egertoni
ElasmodectesE. avitusEichstätt, Blumenberg, WintershofAltmühltal FormationMultiple complete specimens
ChimaerothecaC. schernfeldensisEgg capsules of an unknown chimaera

Elasmobranchii

!Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Material!Notes!Images
Hybodus (Egertonodus?)H. fraasiSolnhofenAltmühltal FormationAlmost complete but poorly preserved specimen
AsteracanthusA. ornatissimusSolnhofenAltmühltal FormationSingle almost complete specimen of a 2 meter long female
StrophodusS. spMühlheimMörnsheim FormationArticulated set of jaws and teeth

Neoselachii

!Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Material!Notes!Images
SphenodusS. nitidusSolnhofenAltmühltal FormationIncomplete skeletal remains and isolated teeth
S. macerSolnhofenAltmühltal FormationIncomplete skeletal remains and isolated teeth
SynechodusS. ungeriSolnhofenAltmühltal FormationAlmost complete skeleton and isolated teeth
ParaorthacodusP. jurensisHaunsfeld, Blumenberg, Schernfeld, SolnhofenAltmühltal FormationSeveral complete specimens
MacrourogaleousM. hasseiEichstättAltmühltal FormationSeveral complete specimens

Batomorphii

!Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Material!Notes!Images
AsterodermusA. platypterusSolnhofen, Kelheim, Blumenberg, BirkhofAltmühltal FormationSeveral complete specimens
SpathobatisS. bugesiacusEichstätt, SolnhofenAltmühltal FormationSeveral complete specimens
RajithecaR. spSeveral specimens in private collectionsEgg capsules of Batomorphs

Heterodontiformes

!Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Material!Notes!Images
ParacestracionP. falciferSolnhofen? EichstättAltmühltal FormationComplete skeleton, potentially more specimens
P. viohliSchamhauptenTorleite FormationSingle incomplete skeleton
P. danieliEichstättAltmühltal FormationSingle incomplete skeleton
HeterodontusH. zitteliEichstättAltmühltal FormationSingle complete skeleton lacking teeth, several other specimens may be referrable

Orectolobiformes

!Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Material!Notes!Images
PhorcynisP. catulinaEichstätt, Zandt, BlumenbergAltmühltal FormationSeveral skeletons
PalaeorectolobusP. agomphiusKelheimAltmühltal FormationOne incomplete specimen

Carcharhiniformes

!Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Material!Notes!Images
BavariscylliumB. tischlingeriEichstättAltmühltal FormationSeveral complete specimens
PalaeoscylliumP. formosumSolnhofenAltmühltal FormationSeveral complete specimens
ScyliorhinothecaS. spegg capsule of a catshark

Lamniformes

!Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Material!Notes!Images
PalaeocarchariasP. stromeriEichstätt, Kelheim, SolnhofenAltmühltal FormationSeveral complete specimens

Hexanchiformes

!Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Material!Notes!Images
CrassodontidanusC. serranusEichstätt, DaitingAltmühltal FormationIsolated Teeth
NotidanoidesN. muensteriEichstätt, DaitingAltmühltal FormationIsolated teeth, one almost complete skeleton was presumably destroyed during WW2Another incomplete skeleton of the Genus is known from the Nusplingen limestone

Squatiniformes

!Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Material!Notes!Images
PseudorhinaP. acanthodermaAltmühltal FormationSeveral complete specimens
P. aliferaEichstättAltmühltal FormationSeveral complete specimens

Other

!Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Material!Notes!Images
ProtospinaxP. annectansSolnhofen, EichstättAltmühltal FormationSeveral complete specimens

Osteognathostomata

Chondostrei

GenusSpeciesLocalityFormationMaterialNotesImages
Coccolepis[6] C. bucklandiEichstätt, BlumenbergAltmühltal FormationSeveral complete Specimens
C. solnhofensis[7] SolnhofenAltmühltal Formation

Pycnodontiformes

GenusSpeciesLocalityFormationMaterialNotesImages
Arduafrons[8] A. prominorisBlumenberg, Wintershof, PaintenAltmühltal Formation, Torleite FormationSeveral complete specimens
Apomesodon[9] A. comosusEichstättAltmühltal Formation
A. spEichstätt, PaintenAltmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation
Eomesodon[10] E. gibbosusBlumenberg, Wintershof, PaintenAltmühltal Formation, Torleite FormationSeveral complete specimens
GyrodusG. circularisEichstätt, PaintenAltmühltal Formation, Torleite FormationDozens of complete specimens
G. hexagonusSolnhofen, Eichstätt, Painten, Schamhaupten, BrunnAltmühltal Formation, Torleite FormationDozens of complete specimens
MesturusM. verrucosusEichstätt, PaintenAltmühltal Formation, Torleite FormationSeveral complete specimens
MacromesodonM. heckeli
M. macropterusKelheimTorleite Formation
Piranhamesodon[11] P. pinnatomusEttlingSingular partial skeleton
ProscinetesP. elegansEichstätt. EttlingAltmühltal Formation, Torleite FormationDozens of complete specimens
P. formosus
P. bernardi[12] Schamhaupten, Ettling, PaintenTorleite FormationSeveral complete specimens
Turbomesodon[13] T. relegansEichstätt, EttlingAltmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation
TurboscinetesT. egertoniEttling
Thiollierepycnodus[14] T. wagneriWattendorfTorleite Formation

Ginglymodi

Lepisosteiformes

GenusSpeciesLocalityFormationMaterialNotesImages
"Lepidotes"[15] "L." decoratus
"L." intermedius
"L." oblongus
"L." pustulosus
"L." subovatus
"L." unguiculatus
Scheenstia[16] S. maximus
S. decoratus
S. zappi[17] SchamhauptenTorleite FormationSingle almost complete specimen

Semionotiformes

GenusSpeciesLocalityFormationMaterialNotesImages
CallipurbeckiaC. notopterus
Macrosemimimus[18] M. fegertiEttlingMultiple complete specimens

Macrosemiidae

GenusSpeciesLocalityFormationMaterialNotesImages
Histionotus[19] H. oberndorferiKelheimTorleite FormationTwo incomplete specimens
MacrosemiusM. rostratusEichstätt, Solnhofen, PaintenAltmühltal Formation, Torleite FormationDozens of complete specimens
M. fournetiBrunnTorleite FormationOne complete specimen
NotagogusN. decoratus
N. denticulatusEichstätt, Schamhaupten, Painten, Brunn, Ettling?Altmühltal Formation, Torleite FormationDozens of complete specimens
Palaeomacrosemius[20] P. thiollieriEichstätt, Solnhofen, EttlingAltmühltal FormationSeveral complete specimens
PropterusP. elongatusEichstättAltmühltal FormationSeveral complete specimens
P. microstomusEichstättAltmühltal FormationSeveral complete specimens
Eusemius?E. beatae
Voelklichthys[21] V. comitatusPaintenTorleite FormationSingular specimen

Dapediiformes

Notes and References

  1. Schweigert, G. 2007. Ammonite biostratigraphy as a tool for dating Upper Jurassic lithographic limestones from South Germany – first results and open questions." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen, 245(1): 117-125.
  2. Rauhut, O. W., Heyng, A. M., López-Arbarello, A., & Hecker, A. (2012). A new rhynchocephalian from the Late Jurassic of Germany with a dentition that is unique amongst tetrapods. PLoS ONE, 7(10): e46839.
  3. Tyborowski . Daniel . Błażejowski . Błażej . December 2019 . New marine reptile fossils from the Late Jurassic of Poland with implications for vertebrate faunas palaeobiogeography . Proceedings of the Geologists' Association . en . 130 . 6 . 741–751 . 10.1016/j.pgeola.2019.09.004.
  4. Duffin . Christopher J. . Lauer . Bruce . Lauer . René . 2022-11-30 . Chimaeroid egg cases from the Late Jurassic of the Solnhofen area (S Germany) . Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen . 306 . 2 . 161–175 . 10.1127/njgpa/2022/1101 . 0077-7749.
  5. Villalobos-Segura . Eduardo . Stumpf . Sebastian . Türtscher . Julia . Jambura . Patrick . Begat . Arnaud . López-Romero . Faviel . Fischer . Jan . Kriwet . Jürgen . 2023-03-08 . A Synoptic Review of the Cartilaginous Fishes (Chondrichthyes: Holocephali, Elasmobranchii) from the Upper Jurassic Konservat-Lagerstätten of Southern Germany: Taxonomy, Diversity, and Faunal Relationships . Diversity . 15 . 3 . 386 . 10.3390/d15030386 . free . 36950327 . 7614348 . 1424-2818.
  6. "Table 1; Chondrostei; Coccolepidae" in Lambers (1999) pg. 216.
  7. López-Arbarello . Adriana . Ebert . Martin . 2021 . Diversity of Coccolepis AGASSIZ, 1843 (Coccolepididae, Chondrostei) from the Upper Jurassic Solnhofen-Archipelago, Southern Germany . Acta Palaeontologica Polonica . 66 . 10.4202/app.00873.2021. free .
  8. Web site: Jürgen . Kriwet . 2016-11-15 . Success and extinction of pycnodont fishes (Neopterygii, Pycnodontomorpha) . 10.55776/p29796.
  9. Kölbl-Ebert . Martina . Ebert . Martin . Bellwood . David R. . Schulbert . Christian . November 2018 . A Piranha-like Pycnodontiform Fish from the Late Jurassic . Current Biology . 28 . 21 . 3516–3521.e2 . 10.1016/j.cub.2018.09.013 . 30344113 . 2018CBio...28E3516K . 0960-9822. free .
  10. "Table 1; Halecostomi; Pycnodontiformes" in Lambers (1999) pg. 216.
  11. Kölbl-Ebert . Ebert . Bellwood . Schulbert . Martina . Martin . David R. . Christian . October 18, 2018 . A Piranha-like Pycnodontiform Fish from the Late Jurassic . Current Biology . 28 . 21 . 3516–3521.e2 . 10.1016/j.cub.2018.09.013 . 30344113 . 53045425 . free. 2018CBio...28E3516K .
  12. Ebert . E . 2018 . The Pycnodontidae (Actinopterygii) in the late Jurassic: 2) Turboscinetes gen. nov. in the Solnhofen Archipelago (Germany) and Cerin (France) (project) . 2024-06-21 . MorphoBank datasets. 10.7934/p3271 .
  13. Poyato-Ariza . Francisco Jose . Wenz . Sylvie . 2000-03-01 . A new pycnodontiform fish from the Early Cretaceous of Las Hoyas (Cuenca, Spain) . Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France . 171 . 2 . 251–258 . 10.2113/171.2.251 . 1777-5817.
  14. Ebert . Martin . 2019-10-21 . A new genus of Pycnodontidae (Actinopterygii) from the Upper Jurassic of France and Germany, included in a phylogeny of Pycnodontiformes . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz087 . 0024-4082.
  15. Lambers . Paul H. . 1999 . [No title found] ]. Geologie en Mijnbouw . 78 . 2 . 215–229 . 10.1023/A:1003855831015.
  16. "Table 1; Halecostomi; Semionotidae" in Lambers (1999) pg. 216.
  17. López-Arbarello . Adriana . Sferco . Emilia . June 2011 . New semionotiform (Actinopterygii: Neopterygii) from the Late Jurassic of southern Germany . Journal of Systematic Palaeontology . 9 . 2 . 197–215 . 10.1080/14772019.2010.493751 . 2011JSPal...9..197L . 11336/53446 . 1477-2019. free .
  18. Schröder . Kerstin M. . López-Arbarello . Adriana . Ebert . Martin . May 2012 . Macrosemimimus, gen. nov. (Actinopterygii, Semionotiformes), from the Late Jurassic of Germany, England, and France . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology . 32 . 3 . 512–529 . 10.1080/02724634.2012.649626 . 2012JVPal..32..512S . 0272-4634.
  19. "Table 1; Halecostomi; Macrosemiidae" in Lambers (1999) pg. 216.
  20. Ebert . Martin . Lane . Jennifer A. . Kölbl-Ebert . Martina . 2016-09-02 . Palaeomacrosemius thiollieri, gen. et sp. nov., a new Macrosemiidae (Neopterygii) from the Upper Jurassic of the Solnhofen Archipelago (Germany) and Cerin (France), with a revision of the genus Macrosemius . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology . 36 . 5 . e1196081 . 10.1080/02724634.2016.1196081 . 2016JVPal..36E6081E . 0272-4634.
  21. Arratia . G. . Schultze . H.-P. . 2012-01-01 . The macrosemiiform fish companion of the Late Jurassic theropod Juravenator from Schamhaupten, Bavaria, Germany . Fossil Record . 15 . 1 . 5–25 . 10.5194/fr-15-5-2012 . free . 2012FossR..15....5A . 2193-0074.
  22. Villa . Andrea . Montie . Roel . Röper . Martin . Rothgaenger . Monika . Rauhut . Oliver W.M. . 2021-05-03 . Sphenofontis velseraegen. et sp. nov., a new rhynchocephalian from the Late Jurassic of Brunn (Solnhofen Archipelago, southern Germany) . PeerJ . 9 . e11363 . 10.7717/peerj.11363 . free . 33987027 . 8101455 . 2167-8359.
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  24. "Table 1; Halecomorphi; Ionoscopidae" in Lambers (1999) pg. 216.
  25. Ebert . Martin . 2019-03-04 . Zandtfuro and Schernfeldfuro, new genera of Halecomorphi (Actinopterygii) from the Upper Jurassic Solnhofen Archipelago . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology . 39 . 2 . e1592759 . 10.1080/02724634.2019.1592759 . 2019JVPal..39E2759E . 0272-4634.
  26. Lane . Jennifer A. . Ebert . Martin . 2015-01-02 . A taxonomic reassessment of Ophiopsis (Halecomorphi, Ionoscopiformes), with a revision of Upper Jurassic species from the Solnhofen Archipelago, and a new genus of Ophiopsidae . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology . 35 . 1 . e883238 . 10.1080/02724634.2014.883238 . 2015JVPal..35E3238L . 0272-4634.
  27. López-Arbarello . Adriana . Ebert . Martin . January 2023 . Taxonomic status of the caturid genera (Halecomorphi, Caturidae) and their Late Jurassic species . Royal Society Open Science . 10 . 1 . 10.1098/rsos.221318 . 36686548 . 9832298 . 2023RSOS...1021318L . 2054-5703.
  28. Ebert . Martin . López-Arbarello . Adriana . September 2024 . The Problematic Genus Liodesmus Wagner and a New Genus of Caturoidea (Halecomorphi, Neopterygii) from the Upper Jurassic Solnhofen-Archipelago . Diversity . en . 16 . 9 . 568 . 10.3390/d16090568 . free . 1424-2818.
  29. Ebert . Martin . 2020-03-13 . Elongofuro and Altmuehlfuro, new genera of Halecomorphi (Neopterygii) from the Upper Jurassic of the Solnhofen Archipelago and Nusplingen (Germany) . Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen . 295 . 2 . 185–210 . 10.1127/njgpa/2020/0883 . 0077-7749.
  30. "Table 1; Teleostei; Pleuropholidae" in Lambers (1999) pg. 216.
  31. "Table 1; Halecostomi; Pachycormidae" in Lambers (1999) pg. 216.
  32. Note: Lambers abbreviated Pseudoasthenocormus as "Pseudoasth.," "Table 1; Halecostomi; Pachycormidae" in Lambers (1999) pg. 216.
  33. Maxwell . Erin . Lambers . Paul . Lopez-Arbarello . Adriana . Schweigert . Günter . 2020 . Re-evaluation of pachycormid fishes from the Late Jurassic of Southwestern Germany . Acta Palaeontologica Polonica . 65 . 10.4202/app.00749.2020.
  34. "Table 1; Teleostei; Aspidorhynchidae" in Lambers (1999) pg. 216.
  35. "Table 1; Teleostei; Pholidophoridae" in Lambers (1999) pg. 216.
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  37. "Table 1; Teleostei; Allothrissopidae" in Lambers (1999) pg. 216.
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  95. Schweigert . Günter . Garassino . Alessandro . 2005-09-26 . First record of the shrimp genus Carpopenaeus Glaessner, 1945 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Carpopenaeidae) from the Upper Jurassic . Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Monatshefte . 2005 . 8 . 490–502 . 10.1127/njgpm/2005/2005/490 . 0028-3630.
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  99. Garassino . Alessandro . Schweigert . Guenter . January 2006 . The Upper Jurassic Solnhofen decapod crustacean fauna: Review of the types from old descriptions. Part I. Infraorders Astacidea, Thalassinidea, and Palinura . Memorie della Società italiana di Scienze naturali e del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Milano . 34 . 1 . 1–64.
  100. Book: Schweigert . Günter . Malmuncina Wulfi N. G. N. Sp., the First Unicinid Decapod (Crustacea: Decapoda: Astacidea) from the Upper Jurassic . Garassino . Alessandro . 2003 . Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde . en.
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  104. Charbonnier . Sylvain . Garassino . Alessandro . Pacaud . Jean-Michel . Schweigert . Günter . December 2012 . Rediscovery of the type material of Eryon cuvieri Desmarest, 1817 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Eryonidae) and nomenclatural consequences . Geodiversitas . 34 . 4 . 849–855 . 10.5252/g2012n4a7 . 1280-9659.
  105. Audo . Denis . Schweigert . Günter . Charbonnier . Sylvain . Haug . Joachim T. . 2017-11-16 . Systematic revision and palaeobiology of Rosenfeldia triasica and Rogeryon oppeli gen. et comb. nov. (Eucrustacea, Polychelida) . European Journal of Taxonomy . 367 . 10.5852/ejt.2017.367 . 2118-9773.
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  108. Sabroux . Romain . Audo . Denis . Charbonnier . Sylvain . Corbari . Laure . Hassanin . Alexandre . 2019-11-17 . 150-million-year-old sea spiders (Pycnogonida: Pantopoda) of Solnhofen . Journal of Systematic Palaeontology . en . 17 . 22 . 1927–1938 . 10.1080/14772019.2019.1571534 . 1477-2019.
  109. "Table 1; Halecostomi; 'Halecostomi inc. sed.'" in Lambers (1999) pg. 216.| H. latus|Solnhofen|Altmühltal Formation||| rowspan="1" | |}

    Halecomorphi

    Ionoscopidae

    GenusSpeciesLocalityFormationMaterialNotesImages
    Ainia[22] A. agassiziBrunnTorleite Formation
    Altmuehlfuro[23] A. boomerang
    BrachyichthysB. radiato-puncatus
    B. typicus
    Ionoscopus[24] I. cyprinoidesEichstättAltmühltal Formation
    I. desoriZandtTorleite Formation
    I. esocinus
    I. münsteri
    I. striatissimus
    "Furo"[25] "F." angustusSolnhofen, Schamhaupten, ZandtAltmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation
    "F." longiserratusEichstätt, Solnhofen, Kelheim, ZandtAltmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation
    "F." latimanusSolnhofen, EichstättAltmühltal Formation
    Ophiopsis[26] O. muensteriKelheim, Brunn, Ettling
    OphiopsiellaO. attenuata
    O. breviceps
    O. procera
    SchernfeldfuroS. uweelleriEichstättAltmühltal Formation
    ZandtfuroZ. tischlingeriZandtTorleite Formation

    Amiiformes

    !Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Material!Notes!Images
    Amblysemius[27] A. bellicianusEichstättAltmühltal Formation
    A. pachyurus
    "A." granulatusKelheimAltmühltal Formation
    CaturusC. furcatusKelheim, Solnhofen, Ettling, Wattendorf?Altmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation
    C. brevicostatus[28] Kelheim, Eichstätt, SolnhofenAltmühltal Formation
    "C." macrurusKelheimAltmühltal Formation
    "C." latusSolnhofenAltmühltal Formation
    "C." granulatusKelheimAltmühltal Formation
    "C." feroxSolnhofenAltmühltal Formation
    "Furo"[29] "F." microlepidotusEichstättAltmühltal Formation
    StrobilodusS. giganteusPaintenTorleite Formation
    LiodesmusL. gracilisSolnhofenAltmühltal FormationSynonym of Caturus brevicostatus
    NasrinotoudehichthysN. sprattiformisZandtPainten Formation
    Lophiurus?L. minutus
    AmiopsisA. lepidotaEichstätt, Solnhofen, EttlingAltmühltal Formation
    SolnhofenamiaS. elongataEichstättAltmühltal Formation

    Pleuropholidae

    GenusSpeciesLocalityFormationMaterialNotesImages
    Pleuropholis[30] P. laevissimaDaiting, PaintenMörnsheim Formation, Torleite Formation
    P. pompecki
    P. wagneri

    Pachycormidae

    GenusSpeciesLocalityFormationMaterialNotesImages
    Asthenocormus[31] A. titaniusEichstätt, PaintenAltmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation
    HypsocormusH. insignisObereichstätt, SolnhofenAltmühltal Formation
    H. macrodon
    Leedsichthys?L. sp
    OrthocormusO. cornutusBirkhof, Blumenberg, SchernfeldAltmühltal Formation
    O. roeperiBrunnTorleite Formation
    O. teyleri?SchamhauptenTorleite Formation
    Pseudoasthenocormus[32] P. retrodorsalisLangenaltheimAltmühltal Formation
    PachycormidaeIndeterminateWattendorfTorleite FormationGiant skull fragment of a presumably 4 meter long pachycormid
    SauropsisS. longimanusEichstätt, BlumenbergAltmühltal Formation
    S. depressusBlumenberg, Schernfeld, EichstättAltmühltal Formation
    Simocormus[33] S. macrolepidotusSolnhofen, EichstättAltmühltal Formation

    Aspidorhynchidae

    GenusSpeciesLocalityFormationMaterialNotesImages
    Aspidorhynchus[34] A. acutirostrisEichstätt, Zandt, PaintenAltmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation
    A. ornatissimus
    A. sanzenbacheriEttling, Painten?Torleite Formation
    BelonostomusB. kochiKelheim, EttlingAltmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation?
    B. muensteriDaiting, Mühlheim, Solnhofen, Langenaltheim, Zandt, SchamhauptenMörnsheim Formation, Altmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation
    B. tenuirostrisSolnhofen, Zandt, LangenaltheimAltmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation
    B. speciosusSolnhofenAltmühltal Formation
    B. spyraenoidesEichstätt, Schernfeld, WintershofAltmühltal Formation

    "Pholidophoridae"

    GenusSpeciesLocalityFormationMaterialNotesImages
    Ankylophorus[35] Indeterminate.
    EurycormusE. speciosusEichstätt, Painten, ZandtAltmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation
    PholidophoristionP. micronyx
    P. ovatusEttling
    "Pholidophorus"
    "P." armatus
    "P." diagonalis
    "P." falcifer
    "P." microps
    "P." sculptus
    "P." latimanus
    "P." latus
    "P." longiserratus
    "P." smilis
    Siemensichthys[36] S. macrocephalusKapfelbergAltmühltal Formation
    S. siemensiSchamhauptenTorleite Formation

    Crossognathiformes

    !Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Material!Notes!Images
    BavarichthysB. incognitusEttlingTorleite Formation?Single complete skeletonThe oldest record of a crossognathiform in Europe

    Ichthyodectiformes

    GenusSpeciesLocalityFormationMaterialNotesImages
    Allothrissops[37] A. mesogaster
    A. salmoneusEichstätt, Painten, brunnAltmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation
    Ascalabothrissops[38] A. voelkliSchamhauptenTorleite Formation
    PachythrissopsP. propterusKelheim, Zandt, EttlingAltmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation
    ThrissopsT. formosusEichstätt, Kelheim, Mühlheim, EttlingAltmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation, Mörnsheim Formation
    T. subovatusEichstätt, Kelheim, EttlingAltmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation?

    Elopiformes

    !Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Material!Notes!Images
    Anaethalion[39] "A." angustissimusEichstätt, PaintenAltmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation
    A. angustusLangenaltheim, Eichstätt, SchernfeldAltmühltal Formation
    A. knorri
    A. subovatus
    A. zapporumSchamhauptenTorleite Formation
    DaitingichthysD. tischlingeriDaitingMörnsheim Formation
    EichstaettiaE. mayriEichstättAltmühltal Formation
    ElopsomolosE. frickhingeriBlumenbergAltmühltal Formation
    E. sp 1
    E. sp 2
    E. sp 3

    Osteoglossomorpha

    GenusSpeciesLocalityFormationMaterialNotesImages
    Ascalabos[40] A. voithiiEichstätt, SchernfeldAltmühltal Formation
    Tischlingerichthys[41] T. viohli
    Tharsis[42] T. dubiusEichstätt, PaintenAltmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation
    T. elleriSchernfeldAltmühltal Formation
    T. spWattendorfTorleite Formation
    EbertichthysE. ettlingensisEttlingTorleite Formation?
    Leptolepides[43] L. haerteisiZandt, SchamhauptenTorleite Formation
    L. sprattiformisSolnhofen, Eichstätt, Kelheim, Langenaltheim, Schernfeld, BlumenbergAltmühltal FormationMultiple Mass mortality plates of this species are known.It represents the most common vertebrate of the Solnhofen limestone.
    OrthogonikleithrusO. hoelliEttlingTorleite Formation?
    O. leichiEttlingTorleite Formation?

    Coelacanths

    GenusSpeciesLocalityFormationMaterialNotesImages
    Coccoderma[44] C. bavaricumKelheimAltmühltal Formation
    C. gigasKelheimAltmühltal Formation
    C. suevicum
    C. nudumKelheimAltmühltal Formation
    LibysL. polypterusKelheimAltmühltal Formation
    L. superbusZandtTorleite Formation
    UndinaU. acutidensKelheimAltmühltal Formation
    U. penicillataKelheim, Painten, WattendorfAltmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation
    MacropomaM. willemoesiEichstättAltmühltal Formation

    Reptiles

    Lizards

    NameSpeciesLocalityFormationMaterialNotesImages
    ArdeosaurusA. brevipesEichstättAltmühltal FormationSmall Lepidosaur thought to be close to the base of Geckota[45]
    A. digitatellusSolnhofen, EichstättAltmühltal Formation
    BavarisaurusB. macrodactylusKelheimAltmühltal Formation
    PalaeolacertaP. bavarica
    EichstaettisaurusE. schroederiEichstättAltmühltal Formation
    SchoenesmahlS. dyspepsiaKelheimAltmühltal FormationBavariasaurid lizard that was found in the stomach of the Compsognathus Holotype

    Rhynchocephalians

    GenusSpeciesLocalityFormationMaterialNotesImages
    HomoeosaurusH. maximillioniEichstätt, Painten, Schamhaupten, KelheimAltmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation
    SapheosaurusS. laticepsEichstätt, PaintenAltmühltal Formation, Torleite FormationLarge sapheosaurid reaching 70 cm in length, it may be semi-aquatic
    SphenofontisS. velseraegenBrunnTorleite Formation
    KallimodonK. pulchellusEichstättAltmühltal FormationSapheosauridae
    OenosaurusO. muehlheimensisMühlheimMörnsheim FormationRhynchocephalian with dentition unique among Tetrapods[46]
    VadasaurusV. herzogiPaintenTorleite FormationRhynchocephalian close to the base of Pleurosauridae[47]
    PiocormusP. laticepsPainten?Torleite Formation
    PleurosaurusP. goldfussiEichstätt, Langenaltheim, Painten, Mühlheim, WattendorfAltmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation, Mörnsheim FormationAcrosaurus fischmanni is a synonym.[48]

    Ichthyosaurs

    GenusSpeciesLocalityFormationMaterialNotesImages
    Aegirosaurus[49] A. leptospondylusEichstätt, Solnhofen[50] Altmühltal Formation
    A. sp[51] EichstättAltmühltal Formation
    IchthyosauriaIndeterminatePaintenTorleite Formation
    IchthyosauriaIndeterminatePaintenTorleite Formation
    "Ichthyosaurus""I." posthumusEichstätt, Kelheim, SolnhofenAltmühltal FormationNomen dubium. Known only from isolated teeth.
    Nannopterygius?N. spDaitingMörnsheim Formation

    Turtles

    GenusSpeciesLocalityFormationMaterialNotesImages
    Achelonia[52] A. formosaWattendorfTorleite Formation
    CyrturaC. temnospondylaSolnhofenAltmühltal Formation
    Eurysternum[53] E. wagleriSolnhofen, Kelheim, Painten, WattendorfAltmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation
    IdiochelysI. fitzingeriEichstättAltmühltal Formation
    PalaeomedusaP. testaKelheim, Eichstätt, SolnhofenAltmühltal FormationEurysternum crassipes and Thalassemys marina are synonyms.
    PlatychelysP. oberndorferiKelheimAltmühltal FormationPlatychelyid sea turtle
    Solnhofia[54] S. parsonsiEichstätt, PaintenAltmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation
    TropidemysT. langiiWattendorfTorleite Formation
    Thalassemys[55] T. bruntrutanaWattendorfTorleite Formation

    Crocodylomorphs

    GenusSpeciesLocalityFormationMaterialNotesImages
    Aeolodon[56] A. priscusDaitingMörnsheim FormationTwo partial skeletonsA teleosaur
    Alligatorellus[57] A. bavaricusEichstätt, Kelheim, PaintenAltmühltal Formation, Mörnsheim FormationPartial skeleton[58] An atoposaurid
    AtoposaurusA. oberndorferiEichstättAltmühltal FormationAn atoposaurid
    Cricosaurus[59] C. albersdoerferiPaintenTorleite FormationComplete skeleton preserving soft tissue
    C. bambergensisWattendorfTorleite FormationOne almost complete skeleton
    C. elegansEichstätt, Solnhofen, DaitingAltmühltal Formation, Mörnsheim FormationSkull and vertebrae (NHM 43005)[60]

    Partial skull (NHM 37006)

    		A metriorhynchid
    C. rauhutiMühlheimMörnsheim FormationPartial 3D skull
    CrocodilaemusC. spBrunnTorleite FormationComplete skeleton of a juvenile
    Dakosaurus[61] D. maximusEichstätt, Schernfeld, Schamhaupten, Painten, KelheimAltmühltal Formation, Torleite FormationIsolated teeth (JME-SOS4577, JME-SOS2535)[62] A metriorhynchid
    GeosaurusG. giganteusSolnhofen, DaitingAltmühltal Formation, Mörnsheim FormationSkull and mandible (NHM 37020)

    Isolated tooth (NHM 37016)[63]

    		A metriorhynchid
    G. grandisDaitingMörnsheim Formation
    RhacheosaurusR. gracilisEichstätt, Zandt, DaitingAltmühltal Formation, Mörnsheim Formation, Torleite FormationSkull and skeleton (NHM R.3948)A metriorhynchid
    MachimosaurusM. spMühlheimMörnsheim FormationIsolated teeth
    "Steneosaurus""S." jugleri

    Dinosaurs

    GenusSpeciesLocalityFormationMaterialNotesImage
    Archaeopteryx[64] A. albersdoerferi[65] DaitingMörnsheim FormationParts of the skull and wings
    A. siemensii[66] Langenaltheim, WorkerszellAltmühltal Formation
    A. lithographicaLangenaltheim, EichstättAltmühltal Formation
    Alcmonavis[67] A. poeschliMühlheimMörnsheim FormationPartial wing
    CompsognathusC. longipesKelheim (Goldberg)Altmühltal FormationComplete skeletonStomach contents are preserved in the form of the lizard Schoenesmahl.A second specimen of the genus is known from the French Canjuers Lagerstätte
    Juravenator[68] J. starkiSchamhauptenTorleite FormationSingle complete skeleton with soft tissue
    Ostromia[69] O. crassipesJachenhausenTorleite FormationPartial limb bones
    Sciurumimus[70] S. albersdoerferiPaintenTorleite FormationComplete skeleton of a juvenile preserving soft tissue

    Pterosaurs

    GenusSpeciesLocalityFormationMaterialNotesImages
    AerodactylusA. scolopacicepsFormerly classified as a species of Pterodactylus, closely related to Ardeadactylus, Aurorazhdarcho, and Cycnorhamphus.[71]
    AnurognathusA. ammoniThe holotype consists of a partial skeleton, while the second specimen is represented by a perfectly preserved juvenile including soft tissue.
    ArdeadactylusA. longicollumThe holotype was destroyed in a WW2 air raid, but another more complete specimen is known from the Nusplingen limestone.Formerly considered a species of Pterodactylus, it is more closely related to Gnathosaurus and Germanodactylus.[72]
    Altmuehlopterus[73] A. rhamphastinus
    Aurorazhdarcho[74] A. micronyx
    Bellubrunnus[75] B. rothgaengeriBrunnTorleite FormationSingle complete skeleton of a juvenile
    Balaenognathus[76] B. maeuseriWattendorfTorleite Formation
    CtenochasmaC. elegansOriginally classified as Pterodactylus elegans
    C. gracile
    C. spMühlheimMörnsheim FormationSkull and two cervical vertebrae
    CycnorhamphusC. suevicusOriginally classified as Pterodactylus suevicus.

    This genus originally hails from the Nusplingen Limestone

    DiopecephalusD. kochi
    GermanodactylusG. cristatusOriginally classified as Pterodactylus cristatus
    GnathosaurusG. subulatus
    GnathosaurinaeIndeterminateBrunnTorleite Formation
    PterodactylusP. antiquusOnly one species is currently supported as valid, the rest represent growth stages, often of other species, synonyms, or nomina dubia.[77]
    Petrodactyle[78] P. wellnhoferiMühlheimMörnsheim Formation
    Propterodactylus[79] P. frankerlaeUlmensePainten Formation[80] A complete skeletonNotable for its transitional features between pterodactyloids and more basal monofenestratans
    Rhamphorhynchus[81] R. muensteriEichstätt, Solnhofen, Painten, KelheimAltmühltal Formation, Torleite FormationOnly one species is currently supported as valid, the rest represent growth stages, often of other species, synonyms, or nomina dubia.
    "Rhamphodactylus"IndeterminateMühlheimMörnsheim Formation
    Scaphognathus[82] S. crassirostrisEichstätt, MühlheimAltmühltal Formation, Mörnsheim FormationA Solnhofen genus erected in 1861 by J. A. Wagner when he recognized the rhamphorhynchoid nature of "Pterodactylus" crassirostris after the discovery of a specimen with a preserved tail. The Solnhofen Limestone is the only known source of Scaphognathus fossils.

    S. crassirostris was originally named P. crassirostris in 1831 by August Goldfuss who mistook the tailless specimen for a new Pterodactylus species.

    Skiphosoura[83] S. bavaricaMühlheimMörnsheim FormationMostly complete disarticulated skeletonA large basal monofenstratan

    Sauropterygia

    !Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Material!Notes!Images
    Pliosauridae[84] IndeterminateKelheim, PaintenAltmühltal Formation, Torleite FormationIsolated teeth of great size

    Echinodermata

    Crinoids

    GenusSpeciesLocalityFormationNotesImages
    Liliocrinus[85] L. sp
    MillericrinusM. mespiliformis
    M. nobilis
    BalanocrinusB. sigmaringensis
    B. subteres
    PentacrinusP. cf. pentagonalis
    ComaturellaC. pennataSolnhofen, Zandt, Langenaltheimer HaardtAlmtühltal Formation, Painten Formation
    C. formosaZandtPainten Formation
    SolanocrinitesS. costatus
    S. gracilis
    S. imperialis
    Saccocoma[86] S. pectinataSaccocoma remains are the most common macroscopic fossils in the Solnhofen limestone.
    S. tenellaEichstätt, Solnhofen, BlumenbergAltmühltal Formation

    Ophiuroidea

    !Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Notes!Images
    GeocomaG. carinataSolnhofen, ZandtAltmühltal Formation, Painten Formation
    G. planata
    OphiopetraO. lithographicaKelheim, HienheimPainten Formation
    OphiurellaO. speciosaSolnhofen, PaintenAltmühltal Formation, Painten Formation
    SinosuraS. kelheimenseHienheim, Ried, KelheimPainten Formation

    Asteroidea

    !Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Notes!Images
    ArchasteropectenA. elegans
    LithasterL. jurassicus
    PentasteriaP. tithonicaHienheimPainten Formation
    P. lithographicaZandtPainten Formation
    RiedasterR. reicheliRiedPainten Formation
    TerminasterT. cancriformisBöhmfeldAltmühltal Formation

    Echinoidea

    Cidaroidea

    !Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Notes!Images
    DiplocidarisD. spEichstättAltmühltal Formation
    RhabdocidarisR. boehmi
    R. mayri
    R. orbignyanaBrunn, PaintenTorleite Formation, Painten Formation
    R. trispinata
    R. spPaintenPainten Formation
    PlegiocidarisP. blumenbachii
    P. sp
    ParacidarisP. sp

    Euechinoidea

    !Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Notes!Images
    DiademataceaIndeterminate
    EchinothurioideaIndeterminate
    PolydiademaP. sp
    DiademopsisD. sp
    HemipedinaH. sp
    PedinaP. lithographica
    P. spPaintenPainten Formation
    PhymopedinaP. marchamensisPaintenPainten Formation
    P. sp
    HemicidarisH. intermediaEichstätt, Zandt, PaintenAltmühltal Formation, Painten Formation
    AcrocidarisA. sp
    DiplopodiaD. subangularis
    PseudodiademaP. lithographicaRied, BreitenhillPainten Formation
    P. pseudodiadema
    TetragrammaT. planissimaPaintenPainten Formation

    Other Echinoids

    !Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Notes!Images
    PhymosomaP. spMörnsheim, BreitenhillMörnsheim Formation, Painten Formation
    PseudosaleniaP. asperaBrunn, SchamhauptenPainten Formation, Torleite Formation
    PygasterP. sp
    HolectypusH. corallinus
    H. sp
    KieripygurusK. jurensis
    PygurusP. spEichstätt, Kelheim, Schamhaupten, PaintenAltmühltal Formation, Painten Formation
    NucleolitesN. spBrunn, KelheimPainten Formation, Torleite Formation
    CollyropsisC. carinata
    C. sp
    StomechinusS. perlatusKapfelbergAltmühltal Formation?

    Holothuroidea

    !Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Notes!Images
    JumarainaJ. sp
    AchistrumA. sp
    HemisphaerantosH. sp
    PriscopedatusP. sp
    SynallactidaeIndeterminate

    Molluscs

    Bivalvia

    Protobranchia

    !Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Notes!Images
    Nuculida?Indeterminate
    SolemyaS. spPfalzpaintAltmühltal Formationa solemyidan

    Autobranchia

    !Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Notes!Images
    ModiolusM. spa mytilidan
    ArcomytilusA. furcatusEichstättAltmühltal Formationa mytilidan
    Lithophaga?L. spa mytilidan
    GrammatodonG. span arcidan
    PseudomytiloidesP. spa pteriidan
    Bakevellia?B. spa pteriidan
    Gervillia?G. spPfalzpaintAltmühltal Formationa pteriidan
    InoceramusI. spEichstätt, LangenaltheimAltmühltal Formationa pteriidan
    PinnaP. spa pteriidan
    LiostreaL. socialisEichstätt, PaintenAltmühltal Formation, Painten Formationan ostreidan
    L. roemeriDaiting, PaintenMörnsheim Formation, Painten Formationan ostreidan
    ActinostreonA. solitariuman ostreidan
    AtretaA .spLangenaltheimAltmühltal Formationa pectinidan
    AulacomyellaA. spa pectinidan
    BuchiaB. tenuistriataWegscheidAltmühltal Formationa pectinidan
    Camptonectes?C. spa pectinidan
    ChlamysC. textoriaa pectinidan
    CingentoliumC. spa pectinidan
    EntoliumE. spZandtPainten Formationa pectinidan
    EopectensE. velatusBlumenberg, Wegscheid, KelheimAltmühltal Formation, Painten Formationa pectinidan
    E. subtilisLangenaltheimAltmühltal Formationa pectinidan
    PlicatulaP. spa pectinidan
    PropeamussiumP. nonariuma pectinidan
    RadulopectensR. strictusa pectinidan
    SpondylopectenS. spa pectinidan
    PlagiostomaP. phillipsiSchernfeldAltmühltal Formationa limid
    PseudolimeaP. spa limid

    Cephalopods

    Nautiloidea

    !Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Notes!Images
    PseudaganidesP. franconicusSolnhofen?Altmühltal Formationa nautilid
    P. spMühlheimMörnsheim Formationa nautilid
    PseudonautilusP. spMühlheimMörnsheim Formationa nautilid

    Ammonoidea

    !Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Notes!Images
    PhyllocerasP. serumDaitingMörnsheim Formationa phylloceratid
    GlochicerasG. cf. lensa opellidid
    StreblitesS. spEichstätt, BlumenbergAltmühltal Formationa streblitinaen
    FontannesiellaF. prolithographicaSolnhofen, Daiting, MörnsheimAltmühltal Formation, Mörnsheim Formationa taremelliceratinaen
    F. cf. franciscanumEichstättAltmühltal Formationa taremelliceratinaen
    F. cf. euglyptumLangenaltheimer HaardtAltmühltal Formationa taremelliceratinaen
    LingulaticerasL. planulatuma taremelliceratinaen
    L. solenoidesWegscheidAltmühltal Formationa taremelliceratinaen
    L. spa taremelliceratinaen
    MetahaplocerasM. acallopistuma taremelliceratinaen
    M. rebouletianuma taremelliceratinaen
    M. subnudatuma taremelliceratinaen
    NeochetocerasN. bousBlumenberg, BirkhofAltmühltal Formationa taremelliceratinaen
    N. mucronatuma taremelliceratinaen
    N. praecursora taremelliceratinaen
    N. steraspisSolnhofen, Eichstätt, HummelbergAtlmühltal Formation, Mörnsheim Formationa taremelliceratinaen
    ParalingulaticerasP. haeberleinia taremelliceratinaen
    P. lithographicumSolnhofenAltmühltal Formationa taremelliceratinaen
    P. nodosuma taremelliceratinaen
    P. percevalia taremelliceratinaen
    TaramellicerasT. hemipleuruma taremelliceratinaen
    AspidocerasA. hoplisumSolnhofen, WegscheidAtlmühltal Formationan aspidoceratid
    A .spBrunnTorleite Formationan aspidoceratid
    PhysodocerasP. episoidesan aspidoceratid
    P. hermanniBrunnTorleite Formationan aspidoceratid
    P. nattheimensean aspidoceratid
    P. pipinian aspidoceratid
    SutneriaS. aporaBirkhof, WintershofAltmühltal Formationan aspidoceratid
    S. bracherian aspidoceratid
    S. rebholzian aspidoceratid
    S. subeumelaBrunnTorleite Formationan aspidoceratid
    S. span aspidoceratid
    HybonotellaH. mundulaLangenaltheimer HaardtAltmühltal Formationan aspidoceratid
    HybonoticerasH. hybonotumSolnhofen, BlumenbergAltmühltal Formationan aspidoceratid
    H. pseudohybonotuman aspidoceratid
    H. span aspidoceratid
    GravesiaG. gigasHienheim, Ried, WegscheidPainten Formationa perisphinctid
    G. spa perisphinctid
    BerckhemeriaB. cf. scherzingeria perisphinctid
    VirgataxiocerasV. setatuman ataxioceratid
    V. supinuman ataxioceratid
    V. span ataxioceratid
    EuvirgalithacocerasE. supremumSolnhofen, EichstättAtlmühltal Formationan ataxioceratid
    E. eystettenseEichstättAltmühltal Formationan ataxioceratid
    HoelderiaH. spWintershofAltmühltal Formationan ataxioceratid
    LithacocerasL. eigeltingenseZandtPainten Formationan ataxioceratid
    L. eystettensean ataxioceratid
    L. cf. liptingenseLangenaltheimer HaardtAltmühltal Formationan ataxioceratid
    L. cf. riedensean ataxioceratid
    L. cf. ulmensean ataxioceratid
    L. spSchernfeld, EichstättAltmühltal Formationan ataxioceratid
    PseudodiscosphinctesP. ardescicusan ataxioceratid
    SilisphinctesS. cf. russiZandtPainten Formationan ataxioceratid
    S. spWegscheidAltmühltal Formationan ataxioceratid
    SubplanitesS. moernsheimensisDaitingMörnsheim Formationan ataxioceratid
    S. postrueppellianusSolnhofen, Blumenberg, Wintershof, EichstättAltmühltal Formationan ataxioceratid
    S. rueppellianusSolnhofen, WegscheidAltmühltal Formationan ataxioceratid
    S. viohliEichstättAltmühltal Formationan ataxioceratid
    S. laisackerensisBirkhofAltmühltal Formationan ataxioceratid
    "Torquatisphinctes""S". filiplexan ataxioceratid
    "S". isolatusan ataxioceratid
    AulacostephanusA. cf. subundoraePaintenTorleite Formation?, Painten Formationan aulacostephanid

    Belemnoidea

    !Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Notes!Images
    AcanthoteuthisA. leichiA belemnoteuthid
    A. speciosaSolnhofen, Eichstätt, BirkhofAltmühltal FormationA belemnoteuthid
    BelemnoteuthisB. mayriWintershofAltmühltal FormationA belemnoteuthid
    HibolithesH. hasatusSolnhofen, Breitenhill, PaintenAltmühltal Formation, Painten Formation, Torleite FormationA mesohibolitidaen
    H. semisulcatusA mesohibolitidaen
    PavloviteuthisP. kapitzkeiWegscheidAltmühltal FormationA belemnoid
    RhaphibelusR. aciculaEichstätt. Blumenberg, WegscheidAltmühltal FormationA belemnitidan
    WinkleriteuthisW. problematicusSchernfeldAltmühltal FormationA belemnoid

    Vampyromorpha

    !Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Notes!Images
    BoreopeltisB. sagittataSolnhofenAltmühltal FormationA plesioteuthid
    Engeseriteuthis[87] E. arcuatusSchamhauptenPainten FormationA muensterelloid
    PlesioteuthisP. priscaEichstätt, Solnhofen, Wegscheid, SchamhauptenAltmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA plesioteuthid
    P. subovataEichstättAltmühltal FormationA plesioteuthid
    SenefelderiteuthisS. tricarinataEichstätt, DaitingAltmühltal Formation, Mörnsheim FormationA plesioteuthid
    Trachyteuthis[88] T. hastiformisDaiting, Painten, Eichstätt, BrunnMörnsheim Formation, Altmühltal Formation, Painten Formation, Torleite FormationA trachyteuthid
    T. teudopsiformisBlumenberg, SchamhauptenAltmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA trachyteuthid
    Teudopsinia[89] T. grossheideiEichstättAltmühltal FormationA teudopseid
    TyrionellaT. fauseriSchernfeldAltmühltal FormationA patelloctopodid
    DonovaniteuthisD. schoepfeliA leptoteuthid possibly synonymous with Leptoteuthis
    LeptoteuthisL. gigasSolnhofen, Eichstätt, BlumenbergAltmühltal FormationA leptoteuthid and the largest cephalopod known from the Solnhofen Limestone
    ListroteuthisL. conicaDaitingMörnsheim FormationA muensterellid.Holotype specimen destroyed during WW2
    BavaripeltisB. bavaricaSolnhofenAltmühltal FormationA mastigophorid
    DoryanthesD. munsteriiEichstätt, Blumenberg, MörnsheimMörnsheim Formation, Altmühltal FormationA mastigophorid
    Palaeololigo[90] P. albersdoerferiEichstättAltmühltal FormationA palaeololiginid
    P. oblongaSchernfeldAltmühltal FormationA palaeololiginid
    CelaenoteuthisC. incertaSolnhofen, Eichstätt, BirkscheidAltmühltal FormationA muensterelloid
    MuensterellaM. scutellarisEichstätt, Solnhofen, Wegscheid, Wintershof, Painten, MörnsheimMörnsheim Formation, Altmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA muensterellid
    M. spinosaDaitingMörnsheim FormationA muensterellid

    Crustacea

    Cirripedia

    !Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Notes!Images
    ArchaeolepasA. redtenbacheriRied, Hienheim, KehlheimPainten FormationSpecimens of this Genus are often found in small groups attache to the ammonite Gravesius
    EolepasE. quenstedtiBlumenbergAltmühltal FormationThis genus often occurs attached to the flanks of perisphinctid ammonites but it is also found attached to sponges of the genus Codites
    Martillepas("Pollicipes")M. holisiBrunnTorleite FormationCommonly found attached to ammonites
    Litholepas[91] L. klausreschiBlumenbergAltmühltal FormationThe species is based on 13 complete specimens attached to a sponge of the genus Codites

    Malocastrata

    !Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Notes!Images
    SculdaS. pennataSolnhofen, Eichstätt, Zandt, ÖchselbergAltmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA stomatopod
    S. pusillaA dubious species of stomatopod
    S. spinosaEichstättAltmühltal FormationA stomatopod
    SpinosculdaS. ehrlichiEichstätt, ´Zandt, WegscheidAltmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA stomatopod
    Gigantosculda[92] G. ehrlichfeckeiBlumenberg, SchernfeldAltmühltal FormationA stomatopod
    Tyrannosculda[93] T. laureaSchernfeldAltmühltal FormationA stomatopod
    AnthonemaA. problematicumEichstätt, SchernfeldAltmühltal FormationThis species of krill is known from mass mortality plates
    ElderE. ungulatusSolnhofen, Eichstätt, Schernfeld, ZandtAltmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA glass shrimp
    Francocaris[94] F. grimmiEichstätt, Schernfeld, Zandt, MühlheimMörnsheim Formation,Altmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA glass shrimp
    NarandaN. anomalaEichstätt, ZandtAltmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA glass shrimp

    Isopoda

    !Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Notes!Images
    BopyridaeIndeterminatePresence indicated by characteristic markings on the exoskeletons of other crustaceans
    BrunnaegaB. roeperiBrunnTorleite FormationA cymothoidid
    BrunnellaB. rothgaengeriBrunnTorleite FormationA cymothoidid
    PalaegaP. kunthiSolnhofen, Schernfeld, Wegscheid, ZandtAltmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA cymothoidid
    P. spA cymothoidid
    SchweglerellaS. strobliSolnhofenAltmühltal FormationA sphaeromatid
    UrdaU. rostrataSolnhofen, EichstättAltmühltal Formationindeterminate isopod
    U. punctataEichstättAltmühltal Formationindeterminate isopod
    NiveotanaisN. brunnensisBrunnTorleite FormationA tanadacean

    Decapoda

    Penaeoidea

    !Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Notes!Images
    AcanthochiranaA. angulataEichstätt, Wegscheid, ZandtAltmühltal Formation, Painten FormationAn aegerid
    A. cordataEichstätt, Wegscheid, ZandtAltmühltal Formation, Painten FormationAn aegerid
    A. longipesEichstättAltmühltal FormationAn aegerid
    AegerA. elegansSolnhofen, Eichstätt, Wegscheid, ZandtAltmühltal Formation, Painten FormationAn aegerid
    A. spinipesEichstätt, Wegscheid, Langenaltheim, SchernfeldAltmühltal FormationAn aegerid
    A. tipulariusSolnhofen, Eichstätt, SchernfeldAltmühltal FormationAn aegerid
    Epipenaeus(Carpopenaeus)[95] E. peterbuergeriBreitenhillPainten FormationA carpopenaid
    Albertoppelia[96] A. kuempeliEichstätt, Schamhaupten, BreitenhillAltmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA penaeidid
    AntrimposA. nonodonSolnhofen, Eichstätt, BreitenhillAltmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA penaeidid
    A. speciosusSolnhofen, Eichstätt, ZandtAltmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA penaeidid
    A. undenariusSolnhofen, ZandtAltmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA penaeidid
    Bylgia"B." haeberleiniA penaeidid
    "B." hexadonA penaeidid
    B. ruedeliPainten, BreitenhillPainten FormationA penaeidid
    B. spinosaEichstätt, Schernfeld, BreitenhillAltmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA penaeidid
    B. anjobeaBreitenhillPainten FormationA penaeidid
    DrobnaD. deformisEichstätt, Schernfeld, ZandtAltmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA penaeidid
    DusaD. denticulataEichstättAltmühltal FormationA penaeidid
    D. monoceraEichstätt, Wegscheid, Painten, ZandtAltmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA penaeidid
    D. reschiEichstätt, SchernfeldAltmühltal FormationA penaeidid
    EystaettiaE. intermediusEichstätt, Schernfeld, Wegscheid, ZandtAltmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA penaeidid
    FranconipenaeusF. meyeriSolnhofen, Eichstätt, WegscheidAltmühltal FormationA penaeidid
    KoelgaK. curvirostrisEichstätt, ZandtAltmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA penaeidid
    K. muensteriEichstättAltmühltal FormationA penaeidid
    LibanocarisL. annettaeEichstätt, Schernfeld, BreitenhillAltmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA penaeidid
    PseudodusaP. frattigianiiEichstättAltmühltal FormationA penaeidid

    Caridae

    !Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Notes!Images
    SchmelingiaS. wulfiEichstättAltmühltal FormationA palaeomonid
    UdoraU. brevispinaSolnhofen, Eichstätt, Wegscheid, ZandtAlltmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA procaridoid
    U. koschnyiEichstättAltmühltal FormationA procaridoid
    UdorellaU. agassiziKelheimPainten FormationA procaridoid
    HarthofiaH. bergeriEichstätt, Schernfeld, WegscheidAltmühltal FormationA alvinocarid
    H. blumenbergiEichstätt, Schernfeld, WegscheidAltmühltal FormationA alvinocarid
    H. polziEichstätt, ZandtAltmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA alvinocarid
    H. heidenreichetfauseriEichstätt, WegscheidAltmühltal FormationA alvinocarid
    AlcmonacarisA. winkleriEichstätt, SchernfeldAltmühltal FormationA carid
    BlacullaB. nikoidesSolnhofen, Eichstätt, Schernfeld, WegscheidAltmühltal FormationA carid
    B. sieboldiEichstätt, MühlheimMörnsheim Formation, Altmühltal FormationA carid
    B. haugiEichstätt, Schernfeld, WegscheidAltmühltal FormationA carid
    B. felthausetsauteri[97] Eichstätt, SchernfeldAltmühltal FormationA carid
    B. anjobeaEichstätt, WegscheidAltmühltal FormationA carid
    BuergerocarisB. psittacoidesSolnhofen, Eichstätt, Schernfeld, ZandtAltmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA carid
    CtenodusaC. bronniEichstätt, PaintenAltmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA carid
    HefrigaH. frischmanniEichstätt, Wegscheid, ZandtAltmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA carid
    H. proboscideawulfiZandtPainten FormationA carid
    H. norbertwinkleriEichstätt, SchernfeldAltmühltal FormationA carid
    H. rogerfrattigianiiEichstättAltmühltal FormationA carid
    H. serrataEichstätt, Wegscheid, BreitenhillAltmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA carid
    H. schlechtingeraeEichstätt, WegscheidAltmühltal FormationA carid
    PleopteryxP, kuempeliSolnhofen, Eichstätt, Schernfeld, ZandtAltmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA carid
    SchernfeldiaS. schweigertiSchernfeldAltmühltal FormationA carid
    OccultocarisO. feckeiSchernfeldAltmühltal FormationA carid
    Palaeobresilia[98] P. kurthetriegeriEichstätt, SchamhauptenAltmühltal Formation,Painten FormationThe oldest known member of the bresiloidea

    Astacidea

    !Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Notes!Images
    Pseudastacus[99] P. pustulosusEichstätt, EttlingAltmühltal FormationA stenochirid
    P. muensteriEichstätt Altmühltal FormationA stenochirid
    StenochirusS. angustusZandtPainten FormationA stenochirid
    S. mayeriSolnhofen, Eichstätt, DaitingMörnsheim Formation, Altmühltal FormationA stenochirid
    Malmuncina[100] M. wulfiEichstätt, ZandtAltmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA uncinid

    Glypheidea

    !Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Notes!Images
    Eryma[101] E. elongatumEichstättAltmühltal FormationA erymid
    E. modestiformeSolnhofen, Eichstätt, ZandtAltmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA erymid
    E. punctatumEichstätt, Painten, Zandt, BreitenhillAltmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA erymid
    E. verrucosaEichstätt, Painten, HienheimAltmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA erymid
    (Galicia)E. veltheimiiPainten, KelheimPainten FormationA erymid
    ErymastacusE. majorEichstättAltmühltal FormationA erymid
    PalaeastacusP. fuciformisSolnhofen, Eichstätt, Schernfeld, ZandtAltmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA erymid
    P. poeschliMühlheimMörnsheim FormationA erymid
    P. rothgaengeraeBrunnTorleite FormationA erymid
    PustulinaP. minutaSolnhofen, EichstättAltmühltal FormationA erymid
    P. suevicaEichstätt, PaintenAltmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA erymid
    Stenodactylina[102] S. devilleziSchernfeldAltmühltal FormationA erymid
    GigacerinaG. saemanniBrunnTorleite FormationA glypheid
    GlypheaG. jurensisSolnhofenAltmühltal FormationA glypheid
    G. pseudoscyllarusEichstätt, Schernfeld, Painten, Zandt, BreitenhillAltmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA glypheid
    G. veltheimiSolnhofenAltmühltal FormationA glypheid
    G. viohliSolnhofen, EichstättAltmühltal FormationA glypheid
    G. nov. spec. (Type A)Solnhofen, Eichstätt, SchernfeldAltmühltal FormationA glypheid
    G. nov. spec. (Type B)Eichstätt, ZandtAltmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA glypheid
    GlypheopsisG. tenuisPainten, ZandtPainten FormationA glypheid
    Squamosoglyphea[103] S. redenbacheriA glypheid
    S. squamosaKelheimPainten FormationA glypheid
    S. rogeriA glypheid
    MecochirusM. longimanatusSolnhofen, EichstättAltmühltal FormationA mecochiridM. bajeri and M. brevimanus represent females of M. longimanatus

    Thalassinidae

    !Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Notes!Images
    AperiopyxisA. wulfetzergiebeliEichstättAltmühltal Formationa axiid?
    EtalloniaE. longimanaSolnhofen, ZandtAltmühltal Formation, Painten Formationa axiid?
    E. hoelloruma axiid?
    E. raineralbertiBrunnTorleite Formationa axiid?
    MagilaM. deformisa axiid?
    M. desmarestiiSolnhofen, Eichstätt, WegscheidAltmühltal Formationa axiid?
    M. latimanaEichstätt, ZandtAltmühltal Formation, Painten Formationa axiid?
    MegachelaM. frickhingeriEichstätt, BreitenhillAltmühltal Formation, Painten Formationa axiid?
    ReschiaR. barbareaEichstättAltmühltal Formationindeterminate thalassinidaen
    !Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Notes!Images
    ColeiaC. longipesEichstättAltmühltal FormationA coleiid
    PalaeopentachelesP. roettenbacheriEichstätt, WegscheidAltmühltal FormationA palaeopentachelid
    CycleryonC. elongatusZandt, BreitenhillPainten FormationA eryonid
    C. orbiculatusEichstätt, Schernfeld, Painten, MühlheimMörnsheim Formation,Altmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA eryonidC. subrotundus is a juvenile of this species
    C. propinquusSolnhofen, EichstättAltmühltal FormationA eryonidC. spinimanus is a female form of this species
    C. wulfiEichstättAltmühltal FormationA eryonid
    Eryon[104] E. cuvieriSolnhofen, Eichstätt, LangenaltheimAltmühltal FormationA eryonid
    AdamanteryonA. fournetiPaintenPainten FormationA eryonid
    KnebeliaK. bilobataEichstätt, WegscheidAltmühltal FormationA eryonid
    K. schubertiPaintenPainten FormationA eryonid
    Rogeryon[105] R. oppeliEichstättAltmühltal FormationA eryonid
    Soleryon[106] S. schorriWattendorfTorleite FormationA eryonid
    S. spZandtPainten FormationA eryonid
    PalinurinaP. longipesEichstätt, Wegscheid, Painten, ZandtAltmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA palinuridPhyllosoma is the larval form of this genus
    P. teneraEichstättAltmühltal FormationA palinurid
    PhalangitesP. priscusEichstätt, ZandtAltmühltal Formation, Painten Formationlarvae of a palinurid
    CancrinosC. clavigerEichstätt, Langenaltheim, Painten, MühlheimMörnsheim Formation, Altmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA cancrinid

    Anomura

    !Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Notes!Images
    Gastrosacus[107] G. wetzleriSchamhauptenPainten FormationA galatheoidean
    OrthomalusO. deformisSolnhofen, EichstättAltmühltal FormationA hermit crab
    PaleopagurusP. spSchamhauptenPainten FormationA hermit crab

    Brachyura

    !Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Notes!Images
    AbyssophthalmusA. mirusZandtPainten FormationA longodromitid
    GoniodromitesG. serratusPainten, Schamhaupten, BreitenhillPainten FormationA goniodromitid
    PithonodonP. marginatumZandtPainten FormationA goniodromitid
    PlanoprosoponP. heydeniSchamhauptenPainten FormationA longodromitid

    Other Arthropods

    Xiphosura

    !Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Notes!Images
    MesolimulusM. walchiSolnhofen, Eichstätt, Schernfeld, Wegscheid, Kelheim, EttlingAltmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA limulid often found associated with Trackways

    Pantopoda

    !Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Notes!Images
    Eurycide?[108] E. golemUnknownAltmühltal FormationAn Ascorhynchid
    ColossopantopodusC. nanusUnknownAltmühltal FormationA Colossendeidaen

    Thylacocephalans

    !Genus!Species!Locality!Formation!Notes!Images
    ClausocarisC. lithographicaSolnhofen, Eichstätt, WegscheidAltmühltal FormationA clausocarid
    DollocarisD. michelorumWegscheidAltmühltal FormationA dollocarid
    MayrocarisM. bucculataSolnhofen, Schernfeld, ZandtAltmühltal Formation, Painten FormationA dollocarid
    FalcatacarisF. bastelbergeriSolnhofenAltmühltal FormationA thylacocephalan

    References

    General

    • Lambers, P. H. (1999). The actinopterygian fish fauna of the Late Kimmeridgian and Early Tithonian 'Plattenkalke' near Solnhofen (Bavaria, Germany): state of the art. Geologie en Mijnbouw 78:215-229.

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