| Palena Province | |
| Native Name: | Provincia de Palena |
| Native Name Lang: | es |
| Settlement Type: | Province |
| Mapsize: | 175px |
| Map Alt: | Location in the Los Lagos Region |
| Pushpin Map: | Chile |
| Pushpin Map Alt: | Location in Chile |
| Pushpin Mapsize: | 175 |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location in Chile |
| Coordinates: | -43°N -92°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | Chile |
| Subdivision Type1: | Region |
| Subdivision Name1: | Los Lagos |
| Parts Type: | Communes |
| Parts: | Chaitén Futaleufú Hualaihué Palena |
| Seat Type: | Capital |
| Seat: | Futaleufú |
| Government Type: | Provincial |
| Leader Party: | UDI |
| Leader Title: | Governor |
| Leader Name: | Osvalo Oelckers Oelckers |
| Unit Pref: | Metric |
| Area Footnotes: | [1] |
| Area Total Km2: | 15301.9 |
| Population Total: | 16137 |
| Population As Of: | 2012 Census |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Population Blank1 Title: | Urban |
| Population Blank1: | 7,624 |
| Population Blank2 Title: | Rural |
| Population Blank2: | 11,347 |
| Demographics Type1: | Sex |
| Demographics1 Title1: | Men |
| Demographics1 Info1: | 10,255 |
| Demographics1 Title2: | Women |
| Demographics1 Info2: | 8,716 |
| Timezone1: | CLT |
| Utc Offset1: | -4 |
| Timezone1 Dst: | CLT |
| Utc Offset1 Dst: | -3 |
| Area Code: | 56 + 65 |
| Website: | Government of Palena |
Palena Province (Spanish; Castilian: Provincia de Palena) is the southernmost administrative area in Chile's Los Lagos Region Los Lagos (X). The area is also called Continental Chiloe or Northern Patagonia, as geographers consider the Palena Province to be the starting point of Chilean Patagonia which extends south from Palena all the way to Tierra del Fuego. Palena Province is remote, beautiful, and difficult to access. In fact, Palena is one of the most sparsely populated provinces in the country and features a stunning geography characterized by steep fjords, wild rivers, hot springs, and numerous snow-capped volcanos. Chile's Austral Highway (Carretera Austral) is not continuous through the jagged geography of Palena Province. Motorists accessing the area by car are required to take two ferries across fjords to cross the province.
Historically, Chaiten was the provincial capital. Due to the eruption of Chaitén Volcano and the subsequent destruction of that town, Futaleufú was named the new provincial capital in March 2009. Major tourist attractions in Palena Province include the Pumalín Park, one of the largest established wilderness protection areas in the world, Yelcho Lake, and the Futaleufu River. Pumalin was the dream of the late US philanthropist and environmental activist Douglas Tompkins, it is nowadays called the Pumalin Douglas Tompkins national park after its founder. The park has excellent infrastructure for camping and is divided into two parts by the Huinay Ranch. Yelcho Lake is considered a prime destination for fly fishing. The Futaleufu River is considered by specialized media to be one of the three greatest whitewater runs in the world.
Due to its location in front of Chiloé Island Palena Province is sometimes called Continental Chiloé (Chiloé Continental). Palena Province is named after the Palena Lake, which in turn was named by the Italian Jesuit Nicolás Mascardi after the town of Palena in Abruzzo, Italy.
As a province, Palena is a second-level administrative division, governed by a provincial governor appointed by the president. The province comprises four communes, each governed by a municipality, headed by an alcalde.
According to the 2002 census by the National Statistics Institute (INE), the province spans an area of 15301.9sqkm and had a population of 18,971 inhabitants (10,255 men and 8,716 women), giving it a population density of 1.2PD/sqkm. It is the seventh least populated province in the country. Of these, 7,624 (40.2%) lived in urban areas and 11,347 (59.8%) in rural areas. Between the 1992 and 2002 censuses, the population grew by 1.2% (223 persons).[1]