Pako Guyot Explained

15.5°N 155°WPako Guyot is a guyot in the Pacific Ocean.

Name

The guyot is also known as Caiwei[1] or Pallada after the .[2]

Geomorphology

Pako Guyot reaches a depth of . It has dimensions of 40x and features a summit plateau wide[3] at a depth of 1500-[4] with a shape corresponding to an irregular rectangle-triangle. With an area of, Pako Guyot is the third-largest guyot on Earth, only behind Koko Seamount and Suiko Seamount.[5] The summit plateau is covered by sediments 25- thick including foraminiferal ooze, while the flanks feature small-scale features such as depressions, ridges and trenches. Former reefs occur on the seamount and during the Cretaceous and Eocene left mudstones and limestones on the seamount. Later, pelagic limestones were emplaced on them. A large area on the northwestern corner of Pako Guyot's summit plateau is free of sediments.

Geology

The guyot is part of the Magellan Seamounts.[6] The seamount was volcanically active during the Cretaceous-Paleogene[7] 91.3 million years ago[8] and may have formed on a hotspot together with Ioah Guyot and Vlinder Guyot;[9] a late phase of volcanism may have taken place in the Paleocene-Eocene.[10] The hotspots that formed Pako Guyot were located in what is today French Polynesia.[11]

Volcanic rocks dredged from Pako are of sodium-potassium hawaiitic and trachybasaltic composition and geochemically resemble these erupted by the Rarotonga hotspot.[12] Clays with Cenomanian-age radiolarian fossils cover the entire lower slopes of Pako Guyot.[13]

Biota

Corals and squat lobsters have been found on the seamount.[14] Ophiuroids, most of which are symbiotic with corals and sponges, live on the seamount and its flanks.[1] Diverse communities including brittle stars, corals, fish, sea anemones, sea cucumbers, sea lilies, sea urchins, shrimp and starfish have been found at its feet, where organic matter accumulates. Ammonites lived on the seamount during the Cretaceous.[15]

Mining

The seamount features substantial deposits of ferromanganese and phosphorite ores. In 2014, China obtained a contract with the International Seabed Authority allowing for exploration of Pako Guyot for cobalt crusts.[16]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Ophiuroids from the Caiwei(Pako) guyot in the northwest Pacific. EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts. 17. 8190. Zhang, Dongsheng . Lu, Bo . Wang, Xiaogu . Lin, Shiquan . Wang, Chunsheng . April 2015. 2015EGUGA..17.8190Z.
  2. Web site: Гайот Паллада (15°18.00' N 155°00.00' E). Магеллановы горы (Тихий океан). Shirshov Institute of Oceanology. ru-ru. 2018-10-06.
  3. Okamoto . Nobuyuki . Usui . Akira . Regional Distribution of Co-Rich Ferromanganese Crusts and Evolution of the Seamounts in the Northwestern Pacific . Marine Georesources & Geotechnology . 4 March 2014 . 32 . 3 . 194 . 10.1080/1064119x.2013.877110 . 2014MGG....32..187O . 128677808 . en . 1064-119X.
  4. Yang . Zifei . Qian . Qiankun . Chen . Min . Zhang . Run . Yang . Weifeng . Zheng . Minfang . Qiu . Yusheng . Enhanced but highly variable bioturbation around seamounts in the northwest Pacific . Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers . February 2020 . 156 . 103190 . 10.1016/j.dsr.2019.103190 . 2020DSRI..15603190Y . 213393633 . en . 0967-0637.
  5. Harris . P.T. . Macmillan-Lawler . M. . Rupp . J. . Baker . E.K. . Geomorphology of the oceans . Marine Geology . June 2014 . 352 . 4–24 . 10.1016/j.margeo.2014.01.011 . 2014MGeol.352....4H . en . 0025-3227.
  6. Lee . Tae-Gook . Hein . James R. . Lee . Kiehwa . Moon . Jai-Woon . Ko . Young-Tak . Sub-seafloor acoustic characterization of seamounts near the Ogasawara Fracture Zone in the western Pacific using chirp (3–7kHz) subbottom profiles . Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers . October 2005 . 52 . 10 . 1934 . 10.1016/j.dsr.2005.04.009 . en . 0967-0637 . 2005DSRI...52.1932L.
  7. Zhao . Bin . Wei . Zhenquan . Yang . Yong . He . Gaowen . Zhang . Heng . Ma . Weilin . Sedimentary characteristics and the implications of cobalt-rich crusts resources at Caiwei Guyot in the Western Pacific Ocean . Marine Georesources & Geotechnology . 10 August 2019 . 38 . 9 . 2 . 10.1080/1064119X.2019.1648615 . 202188742 . 1064-119X.
  8. Lee . Tae-Gook . Lee . Kiehwa . Hein . James R. . Moon . Jai-Woon . Geophysical investigation of seamounts near the Ogasawara Fracture Zone, western Pacific . Earth, Planets and Space . March 2009 . 61 . 3 . 320 . 10.1186/bf03352914 . 2009EP&S...61..319L . en . 1343-8832. free .
  9. Lee . Tae-Gook . Moon . Jai-Woon . Jung . Mee-Sook . Three-dimensional flexure modelling of seamounts near the Ogasawara Fracture Zone in the western Pacific . Geophysical Journal International . April 2009 . 177 . 1 . 249 . 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.04054.x . 2009GeoJI.177..247L . en . 0956-540X. free .
  10. Mel’nikov . M. E. . Pletnev . S. P. . Anokhin . V. M. . Sedysheva . T. E. . Ivanov . V. V. . Volcanic edifices on guyots of the Magellan Seamounts (Pacific Ocean) . Russian Journal of Pacific Geology . November 2016 . 10 . 6 . 439 . 10.1134/s1819714016060038 . 2016RuJPG..10..435M . 132364693 . en . 1819-7140.
  11. Zhao . Bin . Wei . Zhenquan . Yang . Yong . He . Gaowen . Zhang . Heng . Ma . Weilin . Sedimentary characteristics and the implications of cobalt-rich crusts resources at Caiwei Guyot in the Western Pacific Ocean . Marine Georesources & Geotechnology . 20 October 2020 . 38 . 9 . 1037–1045 . 10.1080/1064119X.2019.1648615 . 2020MGG....38.1037Z . 202188742 . 1064-119X.
  12. Koppers . Anthony A. P. . Staudigel . Hubert . Pringle . Malcolm S. . Wijbrans . Jan R. . Short-lived and discontinuous intraplate volcanism in the South Pacific: Hot spots or extensional volcanism? . Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems . October 2003 . 4 . 10 . 1089 . 10.1029/2003gc000533 . en . 1525-2027 . 2003GGG.....4.1089K. 131213793 .
  13. Pletnev . S. P. . Main Types of Aptian–Cenomanian Sedimentary Rocks on Guyots of the Magellan Mountains, Pacific Ocean . Russian Journal of Pacific Geology . 1 September 2019 . 13 . 5 . 436–445 . 10.1134/S1819714019050087 . 2019RuJPG..13..436P . 203654288 . en . 1819-7159.
  14. DONG . DONG . LI . XINZHENG . LU . BO . WANG . CHUNSHENG . Three squat lobsters (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) from tropical West Pacific seamounts, with description of a new species of Uroptychus Henderson, 1888 . Zootaxa . 24 August 2017 . 4311 . 3 . 389 . 10.11646/zootaxa.4311.3.4.
  15. Zakharov . Yuri D. . Melnikov . Mikhael E. . Popov . Alexander M. . Pletnev . Sergej P. . Khudik . Vladimir D. . Punina . Tatiana A. . Cephalopod and brachiopod fossils from the Pacific: Evidence from the Upper Cretaceous of the Magellan Seamounts . Geobios . January 2012 . 45 . 1 . 145–156 . 10.1016/j.geobios.2011.11.011 . 2012Geobi..45..145Z . en . 0016-6995.
  16. Zhao . Bin . Wei . Zhenquan . Yang . Yong . He . Gaowen . Zhang . Heng . Ma . Weilin . Sedimentary characteristics and the implications of cobalt-rich crusts resources at Caiwei Guyot in the Western Pacific Ocean . Marine Georesources & Geotechnology . 10 August 2019 . 38 . 9 . 1 . 10.1080/1064119X.2019.1648615 . 2020MGG....38.1037Z . 202188742 . 1064-119X.

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