| Paicî | |
| States: | New Caledonia |
| Region: | East coast between Poindimié and Ponérihouen and inland valleys |
| Date: | 2009 census |
| Ref: | e18 |
| Familycolor: | Austronesian |
| Fam3: | Oceanic |
| Fam4: | Southern Oceanic |
| Fam5: | New Caledonian – Loyalties |
| Fam6: | New Caledonian |
| Fam7: | Northern New Caledonian |
| Fam8: | Central Northern |
| Iso3: | pri |
| Glotto: | paic1239 |
| Glottorefname: | Paici |
| Notice: | IPA |
| Map: | Lang Status 99-NE.svg |
Paicî is the most widely spoken of the two dozen languages on the main island of New Caledonia. It is spoken in a band across the center of the island, in the communes of Poindimié, Ponérihouen, Koné and Poya.
Paicî has a rather simple inventory of consonants, compared to other languages of New Caledonia, but it has an unusually large number of nasal vowels. Paicî syllables are restricted to CV.[1]
| Bilabial | Post- alveolar | Palatal | Velar | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | labial | ||||||
| Nasal | pronounced as /m/ | pronounced as /mʷ/ | pronounced as /n̠/ | pronounced as /ɲ/ | pronounced as /ŋ/ | ||
| voiceless | pronounced as /p/ | pronounced as /pʷ/ | pronounced as /t̠/ | pronounced as /c/ | pronounced as /k/ | ||
| prenasalized | pronounced as /ᵐb/ | pronounced as /ᵐbʷ/ | pronounced as /ⁿ̠d̠/ | pronounced as /ᶮɟ/ | pronounced as /ᵑɡ/ | ||
| pronounced as /ɾ̠/ | |||||||
| Approximant | pronounced as /l̠/ | pronounced as /j/ | pronounced as /w/ | ||||
The palatal stops could be considered affricates because they occur with a heavily fricated release. The lateral and tap do not occur word-initially, except in a few loanwords and the prefix pronounced as //ɾɜ// they.[1]
Because nasal stops are always followed by nasal vowels, but prenasalized stops are always followed by oral vowels, it might be argued that nasal and prenasalized stops are allophonic, which would reduce the Paicî consonant inventory to 13.
Paicî has a symmetrical system of ten oral vowels, all found both long and short without any significant difference in quality, and seven nasal vowels, some of which may also be long and short. Because sequences of two short vowels may carry two tones but long vowels are restricted to carrying one tone, they appear to be phonemically long vowels rather than sequences.[1]
| + Paicî vowel phonemes | Front | Central | Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oral | Nasal | Oral | Nasal | Oral | Nasal | ||
| pronounced as /i/ | pronounced as /ĩ/ | pronounced as /ɨ/ | pronounced as /ɨ̃/ | pronounced as /u/ | pronounced as /ũ/ | ||
| pronounced as /e/ | pronounced as /ɛ̃/ | pronounced as /ɘ/ | pronounced as /ɜ̃/ | pronounced as /o/ | pronounced as /ɔ̃/ | ||
| pronounced as /ɛ/ | pronounced as /ɜ/ | pronounced as /ɔ/ | |||||
| pronounced as /a/ | pronounced as /ɐ̃/ | ||||||
Like its neighbour Cèmuhî, Paicî is one of the few Austronesian languages which have developed contrastive tone,[2] involving three registers: high, mid, low. Additionally, there are vowels with no inherent tone, whose tone is determined by their environment. Words commonly have the same tone on all vowels, so tone may belong to the word rather than the syllable.