Vēḷ Pari was a ruler of Vēḷir lineage, who ruled Parambu nādu and surrounding regions in ancient Thamizhagam towards the end of the Sangam era. The name is often used to describe the most famous amongst them, who was the patron and friend of poet Kabilar and is extolled for his benevolence, patronage of art and literature. He is remembered as one of the Kadai ēzhu vallal (literally meaning, the last seven great patrons) in Thamizh literature.[1]
Pāri is described as the master of the hill country of Parambu Nādu and held sway over 300 prosperous villages.[2] Pari patronized various forms of art, literature and bards thronged his court.[3] Parambu Nādu consisted of parts of modern-day Thamizh Nādu and Kerala stretching from Piranmalai in Sivaganga district, Thamizh Nādu to Nedungadi in Palakkad district, Kerala. His favorite was poet Kabilar who was his close friend and lifelong companion.[4] From Purananooru, song 107 by Kabilar:
Pāri was noted in of the last Sangam era for his generosity and was popular as one among the Kadai Ezhu Vallalgal (last seven patrons). Pāri's fame is described in Sangam literature as "முல்லைக்கு தேர் கொடுத்தான் பாரி" (One who gave his chariot to a climber plant). He was so generous that he gave away his chariot to a climber plant when he saw that it was struggling to grow without a suitable support.
The three crowned Thamizh kings Cheras, Cholas and Pandyas expanded their kingdoms ruthlessly and turned their attention towards independent Vēḷir Kings thus turning them into subordinates or eliminating them and assimilated their kingdoms. They laid siege to the heavily fortified country of Parambu, but Vēḷ Pāri refused to give in and the war dragged for years. Kabilar approached the kings and asked them to turn back describing his patron Pari as an unconquerable warrior (excerpt from Purananooru: song 109):
After a long war, enemies begged for Paari life and so he donated it by taking a sword Vēḷ Pāri killed himself. [5] Purananooru, song (112) of Pāri's daughters on his death:
Pāri and his wife Aadhini had two daughters, Angavai and Sangavai. Kabilar become their guardian after Pari's death and the three of them left Parambu country. Kabilar unsuccessfully approach different Vēlir kings to find grooms. Kabilar later killed himself by vadakirrutal, one of the Thamizh ways of committing suicide.[4] Later, poet Avvaiyaar takes care of them and marries them successfully to another king called Malaiyamaan Thirumudi Kaari.
Pariyur ("place of Pāri") or Parapuri near Gobichettipalayam in Tamil Nadu is named after Pāri. After Pāri was defeated, the place was deserted towards the end of thirteenth century A.D. and people migrated to settle down in neighboring areas what became the modern day town of Gobichettipalayam. Pariyur has four temples dedicated to various Gods namely, Kondathu Kaaliamman Temple, Amarapaneeswarar Temple, Aadhinarayana Perumal Temple and Angaalamman Temple.[6]
Pāri's daughters were married to the son of Kāri at Manam Poondi near Tirukkoyilur.