Pa-O National Army Explained

Pa-O National Army
Native Name:ပအိုဝ်ႏစွိုးခွိုꩻတပ်မတောႏ
Native Name Lang:blk
War:the Internal conflict in Myanmar
Active: – 9 December 2009; 2021–present
Leaders:U Aung Kham Hti
Ideology:Pa-O nationalism
Buddhist nationalism[1]
Ultranationalism
Military Leader:Khun Myint Aung
Predecessor: Pa-O National Liberation Army
Headquarters:Taunggyi, Shan State, Myanmar
Area:Pa-O Self-Administered Zone
(controlled territory)
Size:4,000 (2023)[2]
Allies:
Opponents:State opponents

Non-state opponents

Battles:Internal conflict in Myanmar

The Pa-O National Army (ပအိုဝ်ႏစွိုးခွိုꩻတပ်မတောႏ, Burmese: ပအိုဝ်းအမျိုးသားတပ်မတော်; abbreviated PNA) is a Pa-O state sponsored militia in Myanmar (Burma). It was established in 1949 and is the armed wing of the Pa-O National Organisation.[5] [6]

The PNA protects the PNO-governed Pa-O Self-Administered Zone, which consists of three townships in southern Shan State: Hopong, Hsi Hseng, and Pinlaung townships.[7]

The PNA signed a ceasefire agreement with the then ruling State Peace and Development Council on 11 April 1991 and reformed itself as a people's militia force. It merged with other Pa-O paramilitary groups on 9 December 2009.[8] Following the military coup d'état on 1 February 2021, there have been reports of PNA forcibly recruiting locals, extorting money and conducting joint operations with the Burmese military against resistance groups.[9] [10] An outpost occupied by allied forces of the Burmese military and PNA in Nyaung Shwe Township, southern Shan State was seized by a joint force of Pekon People's Defence Force and Karenni Nationalities Defence Force in May 2022.[11]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Misinformation, Hate Speech and Ethno-Religious Tensions in Myanmar . United States Institute of Peace. 27 April 2024. 8 February 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240223220313/https://www.usip.org/publications/2023/04/misinformation-hate-speech-and-ethno-religious-tensions-myanmar. February 23, 2024.
  2. News: 'They are preparing for war': Forced recruiting by Pa-O militia in Shan . 28 February 2023 . Frontier Myanmar . en. https://web.archive.org/web/20240106064110/https://www.frontiermyanmar.net/en/they-are-preparing-for-war-forced-recruiting-by-pa-o-militia-in-shan/. January 6, 2024.
  3. News: Pa-O regions militia groups and Myanmar Military Junta. 22 June 2022. BNI. 5 January 2022. 21 June 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220621144519/https://www.bnionline.net/en/news/pa-o-regions-militia-groups-and-myanmar-military-junta. live.
  4. Web site: Pyusawhti militia. Myanmar NOW. https://web.archive.org/web/20230115045126/https://www.myanmar-now.org/en/topics/5558. January 15, 2023.
  5. Web site: Armed ethnic groups. Myanmar Peace Monitor. 19 April 2016. 8 May 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190508021630/http://www.mmpeacemonitor.org/stakeholders/armed-ethnic-groups. live.
  6. Web site: PNLO. Myanmar Peace Monitor. 19 April 2016. 17 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190417233824/http://mmpeacemonitor.org/stakeholders/stakeholders-overview/166-pnlo. live.
  7. Book: South, Ashley. Ethnic Politics in Burma: States of Conflict. Routledge. Oxon. 2008. 122–124. 978-0-203-89519-1. 24 September 2016.
  8. Book: Kyaw. Sann. Christensen. Russ. The Pa-O: Rebels and Refugees. 2006. Silkworm Books. Chiang Mai. 978-974-9575-93-2.
  9. News: PNO/PNA Recruiting Youths In Mong Pawn Township. 22 June 2022. BNI. 15 June 2022. 27 June 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220627152737/https://www.bnionline.net/en/news/pnopna-recruiting-youths-mong-pawn-township. live.
  10. News: The Myanmar Military Junta's Divide and Rule Tactic. 22 June 2022. BNI. 2 June 2022. 21 June 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220621144523/https://www.bnionline.net/en/news/myanmar-military-juntas-divide-and-rule-tactic. live.
  11. News: Myanmar Resistance Claims Victory Over Junta Outpost. 22 June 2022. The Irrawaddy. 13 May 2022. 16 June 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220616061740/https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/myanmar-resistance-claims-victory-over-junta-outpost.html. live.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Pa-O National Army".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.