PTPN21 explained

Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 21 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPN21 gene.^{[1] [2]}

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP contains an N-terminal domain, similar to cytoskeletal- associated proteins including band 4.1, ezrin, merlin, and radixin. This PTP was shown to specially interact with BMX/ETK, a member of Tec tyrosine kinase family characterized by a multimodular structures including PH, SH3, and SH2 domains. The interaction of this PTP with BMX kinase was found to increase the activation of STAT3, but not STAT2 kinase. Studies of the similar gene in mice suggested the possible roles of this PTP in liver regeneration and spermatogenesis.^[2]

Interactions

PTPN21 has been shown to interact with BMX^[3] and KIF1C.^[4]

Further reading

• Zeitlin AA, Heward JM, Brand OJ, Newby PR, Franklyn JA, Gough SC, Simmonds MJ . Use of Tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to screen PTPN21: no association with Graves' disease. . Clin. Endocrinol. . 65 . 3 . 380–4 . 2007 . 16918960 . 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2006.02608.x . 19532757 .
• Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, Ota T, Nishikawa T, Yamashita R, Yamamoto J, Sekine M, Tsuritani K, Wakaguri H, Ishii S, Sugiyama T, Saito K, Isono Y, Irie R, Kushida N, Yoneyama T, Otsuka R, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Kondo H, Wagatsuma M, Murakawa K, Ishida S, Ishibashi T, Takahashi-Fujii A, Tanase T, Nagai K, Kikuchi H, Nakai K, Isogai T, Sugano S . Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes. . Genome Res. . 16 . 1 . 55–65 . 2006 . 16344560 . 1356129 . 10.1101/gr.4039406 .
• Cardone L, Carlucci A, Affaitati A, Livigni A, DeCristofaro T, Garbi C, Varrone S, Ullrich A, Gottesman ME, Avvedimento EV, Feliciello A . Mitochondrial AKAP121 binds and targets protein tyrosine phosphatase D1, a novel positive regulator of src signaling. . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 24 . 11 . 4613–26 . 2004 . 15143158 . 416429 . 10.1128/MCB.24.11.4613-4626.2004 .
• Jui HY, Tseng RJ, Wen X, Fang HI, Huang LM, Chen KY, Kung HJ, Ann DK, Shih HM . Protein-tyrosine phosphatase D1, a potential regulator and effector for Tec family kinases. . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 52 . 41124–32 . 2001 . 11013262 . 10.1074/jbc.M007772200 . free .
• Tokuchi H, Higashitsuji H, Nishiyama H, Nonoguchi K, Nagao T, Xue JH, Itoh K, Ogawa O, Fujita J . Expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP-RL10 and its isoform in the mouse testis. . Int. J. Urol. . 6 . 11 . 572–7 . 2000 . 10585123 . 10.1046/j.1442-2042.1999.611108.x . 38524556 .
• Dorner C, Ciossek T, Müller S, Møller PH, Ullrich A, Lammers R . Characterization of KIF1C, a new kinesin-like protein involved in vesicle transport from the Golgi apparatus to the endoplasmic reticulum. . J. Biol. Chem. . 273 . 32 . 20267–75 . 1998 . 9685376 . 10.1074/jbc.273.32.20267 . free .
• Higashitsuji H, Arii S, Furutani M, Imamura M, Kaneko Y, Takenawa J, Nakayama H, Fujita J . Enhanced expression of multiple protein tyrosine phosphatases in the regenerating mouse liver: isolation of PTP-RL10, a novel cytoplasmic-type phosphatase with sequence homology to cytoskeletal protein 4.1. . Oncogene . 10 . 2 . 407–14 . 1995 . 7838537 .

Notes and References

1. Møller NP, Møller KB, Lammers R, Kharitonenkov A, Sures I, Ullrich A . Src kinase associates with a member of a distinct subfamily of protein-tyrosine phosphatases containing an ezrin-like domain . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA . 91 . 16 . 7477–81 . Sep 1994 . 7519780 . 44424 . 10.1073/pnas.91.16.7477 . 1994PNAS...91.7477M . free .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: PTPN21 protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 21.
3. Jui HY, Tseng RJ, Wen X, Fang HI, Huang LM, Chen KY, Kung HJ, Ann DK, Shih HM . Protein-tyrosine phosphatase D1, a potential regulator and effector for Tec family kinases . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 52 . 41124–32 . Dec 2000 . 11013262 . 10.1074/jbc.M007772200 . free .
4. Dorner C, Ciossek T, Müller S, Møller PH, Ullrich A, Lammers R . Characterization of KIF1C, a new kinesin-like protein involved in vesicle transport from the Golgi apparatus to the endoplasmic reticulum . J. Biol. Chem. . 273 . 32 . 20267–75 . Aug 1998 . 9685376 . 10.1074/jbc.273.32.20267 . free .