PRM2 explained
Protamine 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRM2 gene.[1]
Function
Protamines substitute for histones in the chromatin of sperm during the haploid phase of spermatogenesis, and are the major DNA-binding proteins in the nucleus of sperm in many vertebrates. They package the sperm DNA into a highly condensed complex in a volume less than 5% of a somatic cell nucleus.
Many mammalian species have only one protamine (protamine 1); however, a few species, including human and mouse, have two. This gene encodes protamine 2, which is cleaved to give rise to a family of protamine 2 peptides. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have also been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015].
Further reading
- Friel A, Houghton JA, Glennon M, Lavery R, Smith T, Nolan A, Maher M . A preliminary report on the implication of RT-PCR detection of DAZ, RBMY1, USP9Y and Protamine-2 mRNA in testicular biopsy samples from azoospermic men . International Journal of Andrology . 25 . 1 . 59–64 . February 2002 . 11869379 . 10.1046/j.1365-2605.2002.00326.x . free .
- Zhang J, Webb DM, Podlaha O . Accelerated protein evolution and origins of human-specific features: Foxp2 as an example . Genetics . 162 . 4 . 1825–35 . December 2002 . 10.1093/genetics/162.4.1825 . 12524352 . 1462353 .
- Tanaka H, Miyagawa Y, Tsujimura A, Matsumiya K, Okuyama A, Nishimune Y . Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the protamine-1 and -2 genes of fertile and infertile human male populations . Molecular Human Reproduction . 9 . 2 . 69–73 . February 2003 . 12569175 . 10.1093/molehr/gag010 . free .
- Nasr-Esfahani MH, Salehi M, Razavi S, Mardani M, Bahramian H, Steger K, Oreizi F . Effect of protamine-2 deficiency on ICSI outcome . Reproductive Biomedicine Online . 9 . 6 . 652–8 . December 2004 . 15670415 . 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61776-2 . free .
- Torregrosa N, Domínguez-Fandos D, Camejo MI, Shirley CR, Meistrich ML, Ballescà JL, Oliva R . Protamine 2 precursors, protamine 1/protamine 2 ratio, DNA integrity and other sperm parameters in infertile patients . Human Reproduction . 21 . 8 . 2084–9 . August 2006 . 16632464 . 10.1093/humrep/del114 . free .
- Aoki VW, Christensen GL, Atkins JF, Carrell DT . Identification of novel polymorphisms in the nuclear protein genes and their relationship with human sperm protamine deficiency and severe male infertility . Fertility and Sterility . 86 . 5 . 1416–22 . November 2006 . 16989827 . 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.04.033 . free .
- Aoki VW, Christensen GL, Atkins JF, Carrell DT . Identification of novel polymorphisms in the nuclear protein genes and their relationship with human sperm protamine deficiency and severe male infertility . Fertility and Sterility . 86 . 5 . 1416–22 . November 2006 . 16989827 . 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.04.033 . free .
- Aoki VW, Liu L, Jones KP, Hatasaka HH, Gibson M, Peterson CM, Carrell DT . Sperm protamine 1/protamine 2 ratios are related to in vitro fertilization pregnancy rates and predictive of fertilization ability . Fertility and Sterility . 86 . 5 . 1408–15 . November 2006 . 17011555 . 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.04.024 . free .
Notes and References
- Web site: Entrez Gene: Protamine 2 . 2020-03-17 .