PRKRA explained

Protein kinase, interferon-inducible double stranded RNA dependent activator, also known as interferon-inducible double stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase activator A or Protein ACTivator of the interferon-induced protein kinase (PACT) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRKRA gene.^{[1] [2]} PACT heterodimerizes with and activates protein kinase R.^{[3] [4]} PRKRA mutations have been linked to a rare form of dystonia parkinsonism.^[5]

Further reading

• Maruyama K, Sugano S . Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides. . Gene . 138 . 1–2 . 171–4 . 1994 . 8125298 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 .
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, etal . Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library . Gene . 200 . 1–2 . 149–56 . 1997 . 9373149 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 .
• Peters GA, Hartmann R, Qin J, etal . Modular structure of PACT: distinct domains for binding and activating PKR . Mol Cell Biol . 21 . 6 . 1908–20 . 2001 . 11238927 . 10.1128/MCB.21.6.1908-1920.2001 . 86773.
• Wiemann S, Weil B, Wellenreuther R, etal . Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs . Genome Res. . 11 . 3 . 422–35 . 2001 . 11230166 . 10.1101/gr.GR1547R . 311072 .
• Simpson JC, Wellenreuther R, Poustka A, etal . Systematic subcellular localization of novel proteins identified by large-scale cDNA sequencing . EMBO Rep. . 1 . 3 . 287–92 . 2001 . 11256614 . 10.1093/embo-reports/kvd058 . 1083732 .
• Horng T, Barton GM, Medzhitov R . TIRAP: an adapter molecule in the Toll signaling pathway . Nat. Immunol. . 2 . 9 . 835–41 . 2001 . 11526399 . 10.1038/ni0901-835 . 7296195 .
• Huang X, Hutchins B, Patel RC . The C-terminal, third conserved motif of the protein activator PACT plays an essential role in the activation of double-stranded-RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) . Biochem. J. . 366 . Pt 1 . 175–86 . 2002 . 11985496 . 10.1042/BJ20020204 . 1222748 .
• Peters GA, Khoo D, Mohr I, Sen GC . Inhibition of PACT-mediated activation of PKR by the herpes simplex virus type 1 Us11 protein . J. Virol. . 76 . 21 . 11054–64 . 2002 . 12368348 . 10.1128/JVI.76.21.11054-11064.2002 . 136652 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Yang M, Ito T, May WS . A novel role for RAX, the cellular activator of PKR, in synergistically stimulating SV40 large T antigen-dependent gene expression . J. Biol. Chem. . 278 . 40 . 38325–32 . 2003 . 12874289 . 10.1074/jbc.M303420200 . free .
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, etal . Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs . Nat. Genet. . 36 . 1 . 40–5 . 2004 . 14702039 . 10.1038/ng1285 . free .
• Bennett RL, Blalock WL, May WS . Serine 18 phosphorylation of RAX, the PKR activator, is required for PKR activation and consequent translation inhibition . J. Biol. Chem. . 279 . 41 . 42687–93 . 2004 . 15299031 . 10.1074/jbc.M403321200 . free .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 .
• Hillier LW, Graves TA, Fulton RS, etal . Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4 . Nature . 434 . 7034 . 724–31 . 2005 . 15815621 . 10.1038/nature03466 . 2005Natur.434..724H . free .
• Stelzl U, Worm U, Lalowski M, etal . A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome . Cell . 122 . 6 . 957–68 . 2005 . 16169070 . 10.1016/j.cell.2005.08.029 . 11858/00-001M-0000-0010-8592-0 . 8235923 . free .
• Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, etal . Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network . Nature . 437 . 7062 . 1173–8 . 2005 . 16189514 . 10.1038/nature04209 . 2005Natur.437.1173R . 4427026 .
• Peters GA, Li S, Sen GC . Phosphorylation of specific serine residues in the PKR-activation domain of PACT is essential for its ability to mediate apoptosis . J Biol Chem . 281 . 46 . 35129–36 . 2006 . 16982605 . 10.1074/jbc.M607714200. free .
• Rowe TM, Rizzi M, Hirose K, Peters GA, etal . A role of the double-stranded RNA-binding protein PACT in mouse ear development and hearing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA . 103 . 15 . 5823–8 . 2006 . 16571658 . 10.1073/pnas.0601287103 . 1458657. 2006PNAS..103.5823R. free.
• Li S, Peters GA, Ding K, etal . Molecular basis for PKR activation by PACT or dsRNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA . 103 . 26 . 10005–10 . 2006 . 16785445 . 10.1073/pnas.0602317103 . 1502496. 2006PNAS..10310005L. free.
• Lee Y, Hur I, Park SY, etal . The role of PACT in the RNA silencing pathway . EMBO J. . 25 . 3 . 522–32 . 2006 . 16424907 . 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600942 . 1383527 .
• Bennett RL, Blalock WL, Abtahi DM, etal . RAX, the PKR activator, sensitizes cells to inflammatory cytokines, serum withdrawal, chemotherapy, and viral infection . Blood . 108 . 3 . 821–9 . 2006 . 16861340 . 10.1182/blood-2005-11-006817 . 1617065 .
• Peters GA, Seachrist DD, Keri RA, etal . The double-stranded RNA-binding protein, PACT, is required for postnatal anterior pituitary proliferation . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA . 106 . 26 . 10696–701 . 2009 . 19541653 . 10.1073/pnas.0900735106 . 2705576. 2009PNAS..10610696P . free .

Notes and References

1. Web site: Entrez Gene: PRKRA protein kinase, interferon-inducible double stranded RNA dependent activator.
2. Ito T, Yang M, May WS . RAX, a cellular activator for double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase during stress signaling . J. Biol. Chem. . 274 . 22 . 15427–32 . May 1999 . 10336432 . 10.1074/jbc.274.22.15427. free .
3. Patel RC, Sen GC . PACT, a protein activator of the interferon-induced protein kinase, PKR . EMBO J. . 17 . 15 . 4379–90 . August 1998 . 9687506 . 1170771 . 10.1093/emboj/17.15.4379 .
4. Huang X, Hutchins B, Patel RC . The C-terminal, third conserved motif of the protein activator PACT plays an essential role in the activation of double-stranded-RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) . Biochem. J. . 366 . Pt 1 . 175–86 . August 2002 . 11985496 . 1222748 . 10.1042/BJ20020204 .
5. Camargos S, Scholz S, Simón-Sánchez J, Paisán-Ruiz C, Lewis P, Hernandez D, Ding J, Gibbs JR, Cookson MR, Bras J, Guerreiro R, Oliveira CR, Lees A, Hardy J, Cardoso F, Singleton AB . DYT16, a novel young-onset dystonia-parkinsonism disorder: identification of a segregating mutation in the stress-response protein PRKRA . Lancet Neurology . 7 . 3 . 207–215 . March 2008 . 18243799 . 10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70022-X . 206157913 .