PPP3R1 explained

Calcineurin subunit B type 1 also known as protein phosphatase 2B regulatory subunit 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PPP3R1 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Clinical significance

The presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism rs1868402 in the PPP3R1 gene is strongly correlated with rapid progress of Alzheimer's disease.^[4]

Further reading

• Kawamura A, Su MS . Interaction of FKBP12-FK506 with calcineurin A at the B subunit-binding domain. . J. Biol. Chem. . 270 . 26 . 15463–6 . 1995 . 7541044 . 10.1074/jbc.270.26.15463 . free .
• Kissinger CR, Parge HE, Knighton DR, etal . Crystal structures of human calcineurin and the human FKBP12-FK506-calcineurin complex. . Nature . 378 . 6557 . 641–4 . 1996 . 8524402 . 10.1038/378641a0 . 1995Natur.378..641K . 4337105 .
• Feng B, Stemmer PM . Interactions of calcineurin A, calcineurin B, and Ca2+. . Biochemistry . 38 . 38 . 12481–9 . 1999 . 10493818 . 10.1021/bi990492w .
• Stratakis CA, Taymans SE . Structure of the gene coding for calcineurin B (PPP3R1) and mapping to D2S358-D2S1778 (chromosomal region 2p15). . DNA Seq. . 9 . 4 . 227–30 . 1999 . 10520753 . 10.3109/10425179809105209 .
• Nishio H, Matsui K, Tsuji H, etal . Immunolocalization of calcineurin and FKBP12, the FK506-binding protein, in Hassall's corpuscles of human thymus and epidermis. . Histochem. Cell Biol. . 114 . 1 . 9–14 . 2000 . 10959817 . 10.1007/s004180000168 . 21530150 .
• Sokal I, Li N, Verlinde CL, etal . Ca(2+)-binding proteins in the retina: from discovery to etiology of human disease(1). . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1498 . 2–3 . 233–51 . 2001 . 11108966 . 10.1016/S0167-4889(00)00099-9. free .
• Graef IA, Chen F, Chen L, etal . Signals transduced by Ca(2+)/calcineurin and NFATc3/c4 pattern the developing vasculature. . Cell . 105 . 7 . 863–75 . 2001 . 11439183 . 10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00396-8 . 5278706 . free .
• Al-Daraji WI, Grant KR, Ryan K, etal . Localization of calcineurin/NFAT in human skin and psoriasis and inhibition of calcineurin/NFAT activation in human keratinocytes by cyclosporin A. . J. Invest. Dermatol. . 118 . 5 . 779–88 . 2002 . 11982754 . 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.01709.x . free .
• Huai Q, Kim HY, Liu Y, etal . Crystal structure of calcineurin-cyclophilin-cyclosporin shows common but distinct recognition of immunophilin-drug complexes. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 19 . 12037–42 . 2002 . 12218175 . 10.1073/pnas.192206699 . 129394 . 2002PNAS...9912037H . free .
• Jin L, Harrison SC . Crystal structure of human calcineurin complexed with cyclosporin A and human cyclophilin. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 21 . 13522–6 . 2002 . 12357034 . 10.1073/pnas.212504399 . 129706 . 2002PNAS...9913522J . free .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Bennasser Y, Badou A, Tkaczuk J, Bahraoui E . Signaling pathways triggered by HIV-1 Tat in human monocytes to induce TNF-alpha. . Virology . 303 . 1 . 174–80 . 2003 . 12482669 . 10.1006/viro.2002.1676 . free .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 .
• Bittinger MA, McWhinnie E, Meltzer J, etal . Activation of cAMP response element-mediated gene expression by regulated nuclear transport of TORC proteins. . Curr. Biol. . 14 . 23 . 2156–61 . 2005 . 15589160 . 10.1016/j.cub.2004.11.002 . 5934014 . free .
• Hillier LW, Graves TA, Fulton RS, etal . Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4. . Nature . 434 . 7034 . 724–31 . 2005 . 15815621 . 10.1038/nature03466 . 2005Natur.434..724H . free .
• Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, etal . Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network. . Nature . 437 . 7062 . 1173–8 . 2005 . 16189514 . 10.1038/nature04209 . 2005Natur.437.1173R . 4427026 .
• Winslow MM, Gallo EM, Neilson JR, Crabtree GR . The calcineurin phosphatase complex modulates immunogenic B cell responses. . Immunity . 24 . 2 . 141–52 . 2006 . 16473827 . 10.1016/j.immuni.2005.12.013 . free .
• Liu Q, Wilkins BJ, Lee YJ, etal . Direct interaction and reciprocal regulation between ASK1 and calcineurin-NFAT control cardiomyocyte death and growth. . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 26 . 10 . 3785–97 . 2006 . 16648474 . 10.1128/MCB.26.10.3785-3797.2006 . 1489013 .

Notes and References

1. Wang MG, Yi H, Guerini D, Klee CB, McBride OW . Calcineurin A alpha (PPP3CA), calcineurin A beta (PPP3CB) and calcineurin B (PPP3R1) are located on human chromosomes 4, 10q21→q22 and 2p16→p15 respectively . Cytogenet Cell Genet . 72 . 2–3 . 236–41 . Jan 1997 . 8978785 . 10.1159/000134198 .
2. Guerini D, Krinks MH, Sikela JM, Hahn WE, Klee CB . Isolation and sequence of a cDNA clone for human calcineurin B, the Ca2+-binding subunit of the Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated protein phosphatase . DNA . 8 . 9 . 675–82 . Mar 1990 . 2558868 . 10.1089/dna.1.1989.8.675.
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: PPP3R1 protein phosphatase 3 (formerly 2B), regulatory subunit B, alpha isoform.
4. Cruchaga C, Kauwe JS, Mayo K, Spiegel N, Bertelsen S, etal . Myers . Amanda J. . SNPs Associated with Cerebrospinal Fluid Phospho-Tau Levels Influence Rate of Decline in Alzheimer's Disease . PLOS Genet . 2010 . 6 . 20862329 . 9 . 2940763 . e1001101. 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001101 . free .