PPP2R5C explained

Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit gamma isoform is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PPP2R5C gene.^{[1] [2]}

Function

The product of this gene belongs to the Protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B family. Protein phosphatase 2A is one of the four major Ser/Thr phosphatases, and it is implicated in the negative control of cell growth and division. It consists of a common heteromeric core enzyme, which is composed of a catalytic subunit and a constant regulatory subunit, that associates with a variety of regulatory subunits. The B regulatory subunit might modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity. This gene encodes a gamma isoform of the regulatory subunit B56 subfamily. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.^[2]

Interactions

PPP2R5C has been shown to interact with PPP2R1B,^[3] PPP2CA^{[3] [4] [5]} and PPP2R5A.^[6]

Further reading

• Le Rouzic E, Benichou S . The Vpr protein from HIV-1: distinct roles along the viral life cycle . Retrovirology . 2 . 11 . 2006 . 15725353 . 554975 . 10.1186/1742-4690-2-11 . free .
• Zhao RY, Elder RT . Viral infections and cell cycle G2/M regulation . Cell Research . 15 . 3 . 143–9 . Mar 2005 . 15780175 . 10.1038/sj.cr.7290279 . free .
• Zhao RY, Bukrinsky M, Elder RT . HIV-1 viral protein R (Vpr) & host cellular responses . The Indian Journal of Medical Research . 121 . 4 . 270–86 . Apr 2005 . 15817944 .
• Nomura N, Miyajima N, Sazuka T, Tanaka A, Kawarabayasi Y, Sato S, Nagase T, Seki N, Ishikawa K, Tabata S . Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. I. The coding sequences of 40 new genes (KIAA0001-KIAA0040) deduced by analysis of randomly sampled cDNA clones from human immature myeloid cell line KG-1 . DNA Research . 1 . 1 . 27–35 . 1995 . 7584026 . 10.1093/dnares/1.1.27 . free .
• Nomura N, Nagase T, Miyajima N, Sazuka T, Tanaka A, Sato S, Seki N, Kawarabayasi Y, Ishikawa K, Tabata S . Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. II. The coding sequences of 40 new genes (KIAA0041-KIAA0080) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from human cell line KG-1 . DNA Research . 1 . 5 . 223–9 . 1995 . 7584044 . 10.1093/dnares/1.5.223 . free .
• Akiyama N, Shima H, Hatano Y, Osawa Y, Sugimura T, Nagao M . cDNA cloning of BR gamma, a novel brain-specific isoform of the B regulatory subunit of type-2A protein phosphatase . European Journal of Biochemistry . 230 . 2 . 766–72 . Jun 1995 . 7607250 . 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.tb20619.x .
• Tehrani MA, Mumby MC, Kamibayashi C . Identification of a novel protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit highly expressed in muscle . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 271 . 9 . 5164–70 . Mar 1996 . 8617797 . 10.1074/jbc.271.9.5164 . free .
• Zolnierowicz S, Van Hoof C, Andjelković N, Cron P, Stevens I, Merlevede W, Goris J, Hemmings BA . The variable subunit associated with protein phosphatase 2A0 defines a novel multimember family of regulatory subunits . The Biochemical Journal . 317 . Pt 1 . 187–94 . Jul 1996 . 8694763 . 1217462 . 10.1042/bj3170187.
• McCright B, Rivers AM, Audlin S, Virshup DM . The B56 family of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) regulatory subunits encodes differentiation-induced phosphoproteins that target PP2A to both nucleus and cytoplasm . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 271 . 36 . 22081–9 . Sep 1996 . 8703017 . 10.1074/jbc.271.36.22081 . free .
• McCright B, Brothman AR, Virshup DM . Assignment of human protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit genes b56alpha, b56beta, b56gamma, b56delta, and b56epsilon (PPP2R5A-PPP2R5E), highly expressed in muscle and brain, to chromosome regions 1q41, 11q12, 3p21, 6p21.1, and 7p11.2 --> p12 . Genomics . 36 . 1 . 168–70 . Aug 1996 . 8812429 . 10.1006/geno.1996.0438 .
• Tung HY, De Rocquigny H, Zhao LJ, Cayla X, Roques BP, Ozon R . Direct activation of protein phosphatase-2A0 by HIV-1 encoded protein complex NCp7:vpr . FEBS Letters . 401 . 2–3 . 197–201 . Jan 1997 . 9013886 . 10.1016/S0014-5793(96)01470-6 . free .
• Ruediger R, Brewis N, Ohst K, Walter G . Increasing the ratio of PP2A core enzyme to holoenzyme inhibits Tat-stimulated HIV-1 transcription and virus production . Virology . 238 . 2 . 432–43 . Nov 1997 . 9400615 . 10.1006/viro.1997.8873 . free .
• Scanlan MJ, Gordan JD, Williamson B, Stockert E, Bander NH, Jongeneel V, Gure AO, Jäger D, Jäger E, Knuth A, Chen YT, Old LJ . Antigens recognized by autologous antibody in patients with renal-cell carcinoma . International Journal of Cancer . 83 . 4 . 456–64 . Nov 1999 . 10508479 . 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19991112)83:4<456::AID-IJC4>3.0.CO;2-5 . free .
• Ito A, Kataoka TR, Watanabe M, Nishiyama K, Mazaki Y, Sabe H, Kitamura Y, Nojima H . A truncated isoform of the PP2A B56 subunit promotes cell motility through paxillin phosphorylation . The EMBO Journal . 19 . 4 . 562–71 . Feb 2000 . 10675325 . 305594 . 10.1093/emboj/19.4.562 .
• Ikeda S, Kishida M, Matsuura Y, Usui H, Kikuchi A . GSK-3beta-dependent phosphorylation of adenomatous polyposis coli gene product can be modulated by beta-catenin and protein phosphatase 2A complexed with Axin . Oncogene . 19 . 4 . 537–45 . Jan 2000 . 10698523 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1203359 . free .
• Elder RT, Yu M, Chen M, Zhu X, Yanagida M, Zhao Y . HIV-1 Vpr induces cell cycle G2 arrest in fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) through a pathway involving regulatory and catalytic subunits of PP2A and acting on both Wee1 and Cdc25 . Virology . 287 . 2 . 359–70 . Sep 2001 . 11531413 . 10.1006/viro.2001.1007 . free .
• Muneer S, Ramalingam V, Wyatt R, Schultz RA, Minna JD, Kamibayashi C . Genomic organization and mapping of the gene encoding the PP2A B56gamma regulatory subunit . Genomics . 79 . 3 . 344–8 . Mar 2002 . 11863364 . 10.1006/geno.2002.6721 .
• Strack S, Ruediger R, Walter G, Dagda RK, Barwacz CA, Cribbs JT . Protein phosphatase 2A holoenzyme assembly: identification of contacts between B-family regulatory and scaffolding A subunits . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 277 . 23 . 20750–5 . Jun 2002 . 11929880 . 10.1074/jbc.M202992200 . free .

Notes and References

1. McCright B, Virshup DM . Identification of a new family of protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunits . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 270 . 44 . 26123–8 . Nov 1995 . 7592815 . 10.1074/jbc.270.44.26123 . free .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: PPP2R5C protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B', gamma isoform.
3. McCright B, Rivers AM, Audlin S, Virshup DM . The B56 family of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) regulatory subunits encodes differentiation-induced phosphoproteins that target PP2A to both nucleus and cytoplasm . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 271 . 36 . 22081–9 . Sep 1996 . 8703017 . 10.1074/jbc.271.36.22081 . free .
4. Ito A, Kataoka TR, Watanabe M, Nishiyama K, Mazaki Y, Sabe H, Kitamura Y, Nojima H . A truncated isoform of the PP2A B56 subunit promotes cell motility through paxillin phosphorylation . The EMBO Journal . 19 . 4 . 562–71 . Feb 2000 . 10675325 . 305594 . 10.1093/emboj/19.4.562 .
5. Goudreault M, D'Ambrosio LM, Kean MJ, Mullin MJ, Larsen BG, Sanchez A, Chaudhry S, Chen GI, Sicheri F, Nesvizhskii AI, Aebersold R, Raught B, Gingras AC . A PP2A phosphatase high density interaction network identifies a novel striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase complex linked to the cerebral cavernous malformation 3 (CCM3) protein . Molecular & Cellular Proteomics . 8 . 1 . 157–71 . Jan 2009 . 18782753 . 2621004 . 10.1074/mcp.M800266-MCP200 . free .
6. Strack S, Ruediger R, Walter G, Dagda RK, Barwacz CA, Cribbs JT . Protein phosphatase 2A holoenzyme assembly: identification of contacts between B-family regulatory and scaffolding A subunits . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 277 . 23 . 20750–5 . Jun 2002 . 11929880 . 10.1074/jbc.M202992200. free .