PON3 explained

Paraoxonase 3, also known as PON3, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the PON3 gene.^{[1] [2]}

Function

This gene is a member of the paraoxonase family and lies in a cluster on chromosome 7 with the other two family members. The encoded protein is secreted into the bloodstream and associates with high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The protein also rapidly hydrolyzes lactones and can inhibit the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), a function that is believed to slow the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Alternatively spliced variants which encode different protein isoforms have been described; however, only one has been fully characterized.

Further reading

• Mackness B, Durrington PN, Mackness MI . The paraoxonase gene family and coronary heart disease. . Curr. Opin. Lipidol. . 13 . 4 . 357–62 . 2003 . 12151850 . 10.1097/00041433-200208000-00002 . 22912885 .
• Ng CJ, Shih DM, Hama SY, etal . The paraoxonase gene family and atherosclerosis. . Free Radic. Biol. Med. . 38 . 2 . 153–63 . 2005 . 15607899 . 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.09.035 .
• Primo-Parmo SL, Sorenson RC, Teiber J, La Du BN . The human serum paraoxonase/arylesterase gene (PON1) is one member of a multigene family. . Genomics . 33 . 3 . 498–507 . 1996 . 8661009 . 10.1006/geno.1996.0225 .
• La Du BN . Is paraoxonase-3 another hdl-associated protein protective against atherosclerosis? . Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. . 21 . 4 . 467–8 . 2001 . 11304457 . 10.1161/01.ATV.21.4.467. free .
• Reddy ST, Wadleigh DJ, Grijalva V, etal . Human paraoxonase-3 is an HDL-associated enzyme with biological activity similar to paraoxonase-1 protein but is not regulated by oxidized lipids. . Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. . 21 . 4 . 542–7 . 2001 . 11304470 . 10.1161/01.ATV.21.4.542. free .
• Xu XR, Huang J, Xu ZG, etal . Insight into hepatocellular carcinogenesis at transcriptome level by comparing gene expression profiles of hepatocellular carcinoma with those of corresponding noncancerous liver. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 98 . 26 . 15089–94 . 2002 . 11752456 . 10.1073/pnas.241522398 . 64988 . 2001PNAS...9815089X . free .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Scherer SW, Cheung J, MacDonald JR, etal . Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology. . Science . 300 . 5620 . 767–72 . 2003 . 12690205 . 2882961 . 10.1126/science.1083423 . 2003Sci...300..767S .
• Hillier LW, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, etal . The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7. . Nature . 424 . 6945 . 157–64 . 2003 . 12853948 . 10.1038/nature01782 . 2003Natur.424..157H . free .
• Aharoni A, Gaidukov L, Yagur S, etal . Directed evolution of mammalian paraoxonases PON1 and PON3 for bacterial expression and catalytic specialization. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 101 . 2 . 482–7 . 2004 . 14695884 . 10.1073/pnas.2536901100 . 327173 . 2004PNAS..101..482A . free .
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, etal . Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. . Nat. Genet. . 36 . 1 . 40–5 . 2004 . 14702039 . 10.1038/ng1285 . free .
• Jin P, Fu GK, Wilson AD, etal . PCR isolation and cloning of novel splice variant mRNAs from known drug target genes. . Genomics . 83 . 4 . 566–71 . 2004 . 15028279 . 10.1016/j.ygeno.2003.09.023 .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 .
• Draganov DI, Teiber JF, Speelman A, etal . Human paraoxonases (PON1, PON2, and PON3) are lactonases with overlapping and distinct substrate specificities. . J. Lipid Res. . 46 . 6 . 1239–47 . 2005 . 15772423 . 10.1194/jlr.M400511-JLR200 . free .
• Shamir R, Hartman C, Karry R, etal . Paraoxonases (PONs) 1, 2, and 3 are expressed in human and mouse gastrointestinal tract and in Caco-2 cell line: selective secretion of PON1 and PON2. . Free Radic. Biol. Med. . 39 . 3 . 336–44 . 2005 . 15993332 . 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.03.016 .
• Lu H, Zhu J, Zang Y, etal . Cloning, high level expression of human paraoxonase-3 in Sf9 cells and pharmacological characterization of its product. . Biochem. Pharmacol. . 70 . 7 . 1019–25 . 2005 . 16099434 . 10.1016/j.bcp.2005.07.004 .
• Lu H, Zhu J, Zang Y, etal . Cloning, purification, and refolding of human paraoxonase-3 expressed in Escherichia coli and its characterization. . Protein Expr. Purif. . 46 . 1 . 92–9 . 2006 . 16139510 . 10.1016/j.pep.2005.07.021 .
• Liu T, Qian WJ, Gritsenko MA, etal . Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry. . J. Proteome Res. . 4 . 6 . 2070–80 . 2006 . 16335952 . 10.1021/pr0502065 . 1850943 .

Notes and References

1. Primo-Parmo SL, Sorenson RC, Teiber J, La Du BN . The human serum paraoxonase/arylesterase gene (PON1) is one member of a multigene family . Genomics . 33 . 3 . 498–507 . May 1996 . 8661009 . 10.1006/geno.1996.0225.
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: PON3 paraoxonase 3.