POLR2K explained

DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the POLR2K gene.

This gene encodes one of the smallest subunits of RNA polymerase II, the polymerase responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA in eukaryotes. This subunit is shared by the other two DNA-directed RNA polymerases.^[1]

Interactions

POLR2K has been shown to interact with POLR2C.^[2]

Further reading

• Jeang KT . Tat, Tat-associated kinase, and transcription . Journal of Biomedical Science . 5 . 1 . 24–7 . 1998 . 9570510 . 10.1007/BF02253352 .
• Yankulov K, Bentley D . Transcriptional control: Tat cofactors and transcriptional elongation . Current Biology . 8 . 13 . R447-9 . June 1998 . 9651670 . 10.1016/S0960-9822(98)70289-1 . 15480646 . free . 1998CBio....8.R447Y .
• Romano G, Kasten M, De Falco G, Micheli P, Khalili K, Giordano A . Regulatory functions of Cdk9 and of cyclin T1 in HIV tat transactivation pathway gene expression . Journal of Cellular Biochemistry . 75 . 3 . 357–68 . December 1999 . 10536359 . 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(19991201)75:3<357::AID-JCB1>3.0.CO;2-K . 43685090 .
• Marcello A, Zoppé M, Giacca M . Multiple modes of transcriptional regulation by the HIV-1 Tat transactivator . IUBMB Life . 51 . 3 . 175–81 . March 2001 . 11547919 . 10.1080/152165401753544241 . 10931640 . free .
• Howe KJ . RNA polymerase II conducts a symphony of pre-mRNA processing activities . Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression . 1577 . 2 . 308–24 . September 2002 . 12213660 . 10.1016/s0167-4781(02)00460-8 .
• Stevens M, De Clercq E, Balzarini J . The regulation of HIV-1 transcription: molecular targets for chemotherapeutic intervention . Medicinal Research Reviews . 26 . 5 . 595–625 . September 2006 . 16838299 . 10.1002/med.20081 . 7168390 .
• Harrich D, McMillan N, Munoz L, Apolloni A, Meredith L . Will diverse Tat interactions lead to novel antiretroviral drug targets? . Current Drug Targets . 7 . 12 . 1595–606 . December 2006 . 17168834 . 10.2174/138945006779025338 .
• Jang KL, Collins MK, Latchman DS . The human immunodeficiency virus tat protein increases the transcription of human Alu repeated sequences by increasing the activity of the cellular transcription factor TFIIIC . Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes . 5 . 11 . 1142–7 . 1992 . 1403646 .
• Kato H, Sumimoto H, Pognonec P, Chen CH, Rosen CA, Roeder RG . HIV-1 Tat acts as a processivity factor in vitro in conjunction with cellular elongation factors . Genes & Development . 6 . 4 . 655–66 . April 1992 . 1559613 . 10.1101/gad.6.4.655 . free .
• Southgate C, Zapp ML, Green MR . Activation of transcription by HIV-1 Tat protein tethered to nascent RNA through another protein . Nature . 345 . 6276 . 640–2 . June 1990 . 2190099 . 10.1038/345640a0 . 1990Natur.345..640S . 4233742 .
• Richard Gaynor. Wu-Baer F, Sigman D, Gaynor RB . Specific binding of RNA polymerase II to the human immunodeficiency virus trans-activating region RNA is regulated by cellular cofactors and Tat . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 92 . 16 . 7153–7 . August 1995 . 7638159 . 41297 . 10.1073/pnas.92.16.7153 . 1995PNAS...92.7153W . free .
• Shpakovski GV, Acker J, Wintzerith M, Lacroix JF, Thuriaux P, Vigneron M . Four subunits that are shared by the three classes of RNA polymerase are functionally interchangeable between Homo sapiens and Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Molecular and Cellular Biology . 15 . 9 . 4702–10 . September 1995 . 7651387 . 230713 . 10.1128/mcb.15.9.4702 .
• Herrmann CH, Rice AP . Lentivirus Tat proteins specifically associate with a cellular protein kinase, TAK, that hyperphosphorylates the carboxyl-terminal domain of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II: candidate for a Tat cofactor . Journal of Virology . 69 . 3 . 1612–20 . March 1995 . 7853496 . 188757 . 10.1128/JVI.69.3.1612-1620.1995.
• Keen NJ, Gait MJ, Karn J . Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 Tat is an integral component of the activated transcription-elongation complex . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 93 . 6 . 2505–10 . March 1996 . 8637904 . 39827 . 10.1073/pnas.93.6.2505 . 1996PNAS...93.2505K . free .
• Yang X, Herrmann CH, Rice AP . The human immunodeficiency virus Tat proteins specifically associate with TAK in vivo and require the carboxyl-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II for function . Journal of Virology . 70 . 7 . 4576–84 . July 1996 . 8676484 . 190394 . 10.1128/JVI.70.7.4576-4584.1996.
• Agostini I, Navarro JM, Rey F, Bouhamdan M, Spire B, Vigne R, Sire J . The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr transactivator: cooperation with promoter-bound activator domains and binding to TFIIB . Journal of Molecular Biology . 261 . 5 . 599–606 . September 1996 . 8800208 . 10.1006/jmbi.1996.0485 .
• Zhou Q, Sharp PA . Tat-SF1: cofactor for stimulation of transcriptional elongation by HIV-1 Tat . Science . 274 . 5287 . 605–10 . October 1996 . 8849451 . 10.1126/science.274.5287.605 . 1996Sci...274..605Z . 13266489 .
• Okamoto H, Sheline CT, Corden JL, Jones KA, Peterlin BM . Trans-activation by human immunodeficiency virus Tat protein requires the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 93 . 21 . 11575–9 . October 1996 . 8876177 . 38099 . 10.1073/pnas.93.21.11575 . 1996PNAS...9311575O . free .
• Chun RF, Jeang KT . Requirements for RNA polymerase II carboxyl-terminal domain for activated transcription of human retroviruses human T-cell lymphotropic virus I and HIV-1 . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 271 . 44 . 27888–94 . November 1996 . 8910388 . 10.1074/jbc.271.44.27888 . free .
• Parada CA, Roeder RG . Enhanced processivity of RNA polymerase II triggered by Tat-induced phosphorylation of its carboxy-terminal domain . Nature . 384 . 6607 . 375–8 . November 1996 . 8934526 . 10.1038/384375a0 . 1996Natur.384..375P . 4278432 .

Notes and References

1. Web site: Entrez Gene: POLR2K polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide K, 7.0kDa.
2. Acker J, de Graaff M, Cheynel I, Khazak V, Kedinger C, Vigneron M . Interactions between the human RNA polymerase II subunits . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 272 . 27 . 16815–21 . July 1997 . 9201987 . 10.1074/jbc.272.27.16815 . free .