POLR2E explained

DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the POLR2E gene.

This gene encodes the fifth largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, the polymerase responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA in eukaryotes. This subunit is shared by the other two DNA-directed RNA polymerases and is present in two-fold molar excess over the other polymerase subunits. An interaction between this subunit and a hepatitis virus transactivating protein has been demonstrated, suggesting that interaction between transcriptional activators and the polymerase can occur through this subunit. A pseudogene is located on chromosome 11.

Interactions

POLR2E has been shown to interact with TAF15, POLR2C, POLR2G, POLR2H, POLR2A, POLR2B, POLR2L and GTF2F2.

Further reading

• Jeang KT . Tat, Tat-associated kinase, and transcription. . J. Biomed. Sci. . 5 . 1 . 24–27 . 1998 . 9570510 . 10.1007/BF02253352 .
• Yankulov K, Bentley D . Transcriptional control: Tat cofactors and transcriptional elongation. . Curr. Biol. . 8 . 13 . R447–9 . 1998 . 9651670 . 10.1016/S0960-9822(98)70289-1 . 15480646 . free . 1998CBio....8.R447Y .
• Romano G, Kasten M, De Falco G, etal . Regulatory functions of Cdk9 and of cyclin T1 in HIV tat transactivation pathway gene expression. . J. Cell. Biochem. . 75 . 3 . 357–368 . 2000 . 10536359 . 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(19991201)75:3<357::AID-JCB1>3.0.CO;2-K . 43685090 .
• Marcello A, Zoppé M, Giacca M . Multiple modes of transcriptional regulation by the HIV-1 Tat transactivator. . IUBMB Life . 51 . 3 . 175–181 . 2002 . 11547919 . 10.1080/152165401753544241 . 10931640 . free .
• Stevens M, De Clercq E, Balzarini J . The regulation of HIV-1 transcription: molecular targets for chemotherapeutic intervention. . Med Res Rev . 26 . 5 . 595–625 . 2007 . 16838299 . 10.1002/med.20081 . 7168390 .
• Harrich D, McMillan N, Munoz L, etal . Will diverse Tat interactions lead to novel antiretroviral drug targets? . Current Drug Targets . 7 . 12 . 1595–1606 . 2007 . 17168834 . 10.2174/138945006779025338 .
• Kato H, Sumimoto H, Pognonec P, etal . HIV-1 Tat acts as a processivity factor in vitro in conjunction with cellular elongation factors. . Genes Dev. . 6 . 4 . 655–666 . 1992 . 1559613 . 10.1101/gad.6.4.655 . free .
• Pati UK, Weissman SM . Isolation and molecular characterization of a cDNA encoding the 23-kDa subunit of human RNA polymerase II. . J. Biol. Chem. . 266 . 20 . 13468 . 1991 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)98863-0 . 2071613 . free .
• Southgate C, Zapp ML, Green MR . Activation of transcription by HIV-1 Tat protein tethered to nascent RNA through another protein. . Nature . 345 . 6276 . 640–642 . 1990 . 2190099 . 10.1038/345640a0 . 1990Natur.345..640S . 4233742 .
• Pati UK, Weissman SM . Isolation and molecular characterization of a cDNA encoding the 23-kDa subunit of human RNA polymerase II. . J. Biol. Chem. . 264 . 22 . 13114–13121 . 1989 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)51603-3 . 2753903 . free .
• Richard Gaynor . Wu-Baer F, Sigman D, Gaynor RB . Specific binding of RNA polymerase II to the human immunodeficiency virus trans-activating region RNA is regulated by cellular cofactors and Tat. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 92 . 16 . 7153–7157 . 1995 . 7638159 . 10.1073/pnas.92.16.7153 . 41297 . 1995PNAS...92.7153W . free .
• Cheong JH, Yi M, Lin Y, Murakami S . Human RPB5, a subunit shared by eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerases, binds human hepatitis B virus X protein and may play a role in X transactivation. . EMBO J. . 14 . 1 . 143–150 . 1995 . 7828586 . 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb06984.x. 398061 .
• Herrmann CH, Rice AP . Lentivirus Tat proteins specifically associate with a cellular protein kinase, TAK, that hyperphosphorylates the carboxyl-terminal domain of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II: candidate for a Tat cofactor. . J. Virol. . 69 . 3 . 1612–1620 . 1995 . 7853496 . 10.1128/jvi.69.3.1612-1620.1995. 188757 .
• Keen NJ, Gait MJ, Karn J . Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 Tat is an integral component of the activated transcription-elongation complex. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 93 . 6 . 2505–2510 . 1996 . 8637904 . 10.1073/pnas.93.6.2505 . 39827 . 1996PNAS...93.2505K . free .
• Yang X, Herrmann CH, Rice AP . The human immunodeficiency virus Tat proteins specifically associate with TAK in vivo and require the carboxyl-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II for function. . J. Virol. . 70 . 7 . 4576–4584 . 1996 . 8676484 . 10.1128/jvi.70.7.4576-4584.1996. 190394 .
• Agostini I, Navarro JM, Rey F, etal . The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr transactivator: cooperation with promoter-bound activator domains and binding to TFIIB. . J. Mol. Biol. . 261 . 5 . 599–606 . 1996 . 8800208 . 10.1006/jmbi.1996.0485 .
• Zhou Q, Sharp PA . Tat-SF1: cofactor for stimulation of transcriptional elongation by HIV-1 Tat. . Science . 274 . 5287 . 605–610 . 1996 . 8849451 . 10.1126/science.274.5287.605 . 1996Sci...274..605Z . 13266489 .
• Okamoto H, Sheline CT, Corden JL, etal . Trans-activation by human immunodeficiency virus Tat protein requires the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 93 . 21 . 11575–11579 . 1996 . 8876177 . 10.1073/pnas.93.21.11575 . 38099 . 1996PNAS...9311575O . free .
• Chun RF, Jeang KT . Requirements for RNA polymerase II carboxyl-terminal domain for activated transcription of human retroviruses human T-cell lymphotropic virus I and HIV-1. . J. Biol. Chem. . 271 . 44 . 27888–27894 . 1996 . 8910388 . 10.1074/jbc.271.44.27888 . free .