PLCD3 explained

1-Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLCD3 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Function

This gene encodes a member of the phospholipase C family, which catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to generate the second messengers diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP₃). Diacylglycerol and IP₃ mediate a variety of cellular responses to extracellular stimuli by inducing protein kinase C and increasing cytosolic Ca²⁺ concentrations. This enzyme localizes to the plasma membrane and requires calcium for activation. Its activity is inhibited by spermine, sphingosine, and several phospholipids.^[3]

References

Further reading

• Cefai D, Debre P, Kaczorek M, Idziorek T, Autran B, Bismuth G . Human immunodeficiency virus-1 glycoproteins gp120 and gp160 specifically inhibit the CD3/T cell-antigen receptor phosphoinositide transduction pathway . The Journal of Clinical Investigation . 86 . 6 . 2117–24 . Dec 1990 . 1979339 . 329852 . 10.1172/JCI114950 .
• Zauli G, Previati M, Caramelli E, Bassini A, Falcieri E, Gibellini D, Bertolaso L, Bosco D, Robuffo I, Capitani S . Exogenous human immunodeficiency virus type-1 Tat protein selectively stimulates a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C nuclear pathway in the Jurkat T cell line . European Journal of Immunology . 25 . 9 . 2695–700 . Sep 1995 . 7589147 . 10.1002/eji.1830250944 . 20562627 .
• Chen P, Mayne M, Power C, Nath A . The Tat protein of HIV-1 induces tumor necrosis factor-alpha production. Implications for HIV-1-associated neurological diseases . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 272 . 36 . 22385–8 . Sep 1997 . 9278385 . 10.1074/jbc.272.36.22385 . free .
• Pawełczyk T, Matecki A . Expression, purification and kinetic properties of human recombinant phospholipase C delta 3 . Acta Biochimica Polonica . 44 . 2 . 221–9 . 1998 . 9360711 . 10.18388/abp.1997_4417. free .
• Mayne M, Bratanich AC, Chen P, Rana F, Nath A, Power C . HIV-1 tat molecular diversity and induction of TNF-alpha: implications for HIV-induced neurological disease . Neuroimmunomodulation . 5 . 3–4 . 184–92 . 1998 . 9730685 . 10.1159/000026336 . 19529677 .
• Pawelczyk T, Matecki A . Localization of phospholipase C delta3 in the cell and regulation of its activity by phospholipids and calcium . European Journal of Biochemistry . 257 . 1 . 169–77 . Oct 1998 . 9799116 . 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1998.2570169.x . free .
• Pawelczyk T, Matecki A . Phospholipase C-delta3 binds with high specificity to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and phosphatidic acid in bilayer membranes . European Journal of Biochemistry . 262 . 2 . 291–8 . Jun 1999 . 10336610 . 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00388.x . free .
• Haughey NJ, Holden CP, Nath A, Geiger JD . Involvement of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-regulated stores of intracellular calcium in calcium dysregulation and neuron cell death caused by HIV-1 protein tat . Journal of Neurochemistry . 73 . 4 . 1363–74 . Oct 1999 . 10501179 . 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0731363.x . 25410140 . free .
• Mayne M, Holden CP, Nath A, Geiger JD . Release of calcium from inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-regulated stores by HIV-1 Tat regulates TNF-alpha production in human macrophages . Journal of Immunology . 164 . 12 . 6538–42 . Jun 2000 . 10843712 . 10.4049/jimmunol.164.12.6538 . free .
• Lin FG, Cheng HF, Lee IF, Kao HJ, Loh SH, Lee WH . Downregulation of phospholipase C delta3 by cAMP and calcium . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 286 . 2 . 274–80 . Aug 2001 . 11500033 . 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5371 .
• Ananthanarayanan B, Das S, Rhee SG, Murray D, Cho W . Membrane targeting of C2 domains of phospholipase C-delta isoforms . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 277 . 5 . 3568–75 . Feb 2002 . 11706040 . 10.1074/jbc.M109705200 . free .
• Nagase T, Kikuno R, Ohara O . Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XXII. The complete sequences of 50 new cDNA clones which code for large proteins . DNA Research . 8 . 6 . 319–27 . Dec 2001 . 11853319 . 10.1093/dnares/8.6.319 . free .
• Bennasser Y, Badou A, Tkaczuk J, Bahraoui E . Signaling pathways triggered by HIV-1 Tat in human monocytes to induce TNF-alpha . Virology . 303 . 1 . 174–80 . Nov 2002 . 12482669 . 10.1006/viro.2002.1676 . free .
• Colland F, Jacq X, Trouplin V, Mougin C, Groizeleau C, Hamburger A, Meil A, Wojcik J, Legrain P, Gauthier JM . Functional proteomics mapping of a human signaling pathway . Genome Research . 14 . 7 . 1324–32 . Jul 2004 . 15231748 . 442148 . 10.1101/gr.2334104 .

Notes and References

1. Kim H, Suh PG, Ryu SH, Park SH . Assignment of the human PLC delta3 gene (PLCD3) to human chromosome band 17q21 by fluorescence in situ hybridization . Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics . 87 . 3–4 . 209–10 . Apr 2000 . 10702670 . 10.1159/000015469 . 87171791 .
2. Ghosh S, Pawelczyk T, Lowenstein JM . Phospholipase C isoforms delta 1 and delta 3 from human fibroblasts. High-yield expression in Escherichia coli, simple purification, and properties . Protein Expression and Purification . 9 . 2 . 262–78 . Mar 1997 . 9056492 . 10.1006/prep.1996.0682 .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: PLCD3 phospholipase C, delta 3.