PLCB4 explained

1-Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLCB4 gene.^{[1] [2]}

Function

The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the formation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. This reaction uses calcium as a cofactor and plays an important role in the intracellular transduction of many extracellular signals in the retina. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.^[2]

Further reading

• Cefai D, Debre P, Kaczorek M, etal . Human immunodeficiency virus-1 glycoproteins gp120 and gp160 specifically inhibit the CD3/T cell-antigen receptor phosphoinositide transduction pathway. . J. Clin. Invest. . 86 . 6 . 2117–24 . 1991 . 1979339 . 10.1172/JCI114950 . 329852 .
• Zauli G, Previati M, Caramelli E, etal . Exogenous human immunodeficiency virus type-1 Tat protein selectively stimulates a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C nuclear pathway in the Jurkat T cell line. . Eur. J. Immunol. . 25 . 9 . 2695–700 . 1995 . 7589147 . 10.1002/eji.1830250944 . 20562627 .
• Lyu MS, Park DJ, Rhee SG, Kozak CA . Genetic mapping of the human and mouse phospholipase C genes. . Mamm. Genome . 7 . 7 . 501–4 . 1996 . 8672127 . 10.1007/s003359900151 . 32396932 .
• Chen P, Mayne M, Power C, Nath A . The Tat protein of HIV-1 induces tumor necrosis factor-alpha production. Implications for HIV-1-associated neurological diseases. . J. Biol. Chem. . 272 . 36 . 22385–8 . 1997 . 9278385 . 10.1074/jbc.272.36.22385 . free .
• Mayne M, Bratanich AC, Chen P, etal . HIV-1 tat molecular diversity and induction of TNF-alpha: implications for HIV-induced neurological disease. . Neuroimmunomodulation . 5 . 3–4 . 184–92 . 1998 . 9730685 . 10.1159/000026336 . 19529677 .
• Haughey NJ, Holden CP, Nath A, Geiger JD . Involvement of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-regulated stores of intracellular calcium in calcium dysregulation and neuron cell death caused by HIV-1 protein tat . J. Neurochem. . 73 . 4 . 1363–74 . 1999 . 10501179 . 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0731363.x . 25410140 . free .
• Mayne M, Holden CP, Nath A, Geiger JD . Release of calcium from inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-regulated stores by HIV-1 Tat regulates TNF-alpha production in human macrophages . J. Immunol. . 164 . 12 . 6538–42 . 2000 . 10843712 . 10.4049/jimmunol.164.12.6538. free .
• Harrington JJ, Sherf B, Rundlett S, etal . Creation of genome-wide protein expression libraries using random activation of gene expression . Nat. Biotechnol. . 19 . 5 . 440–5 . 2001 . 11329013 . 10.1038/88107 . 25064683 .
• Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J, etal . The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20 . Nature . 414 . 6866 . 865–71 . 2002 . 11780052 . 10.1038/414865a . 2001Natur.414..865D . free .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Bennasser Y, Badou A, Tkaczuk J, Bahraoui E . Signaling pathways triggered by HIV-1 Tat in human monocytes to induce TNF-alpha . Virology . 303 . 1 . 174–80 . 2003 . 12482669 . 10.1006/viro.2002.1676 . free .
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, etal . Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs . Nat. Genet. . 36 . 1 . 40–5 . 2004 . 14702039 . 10.1038/ng1285 . free .
• Hahn CG, Wang HY, Cho DS, etal . Altered neuregulin 1-erbB4 signaling contributes to NMDA receptor hypofunction in schizophrenia . Nat. Med. . 12 . 7 . 824–8 . 2006 . 16767099 . 10.1038/nm1418 . 8250592 .
• Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, etal . Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks . Cell . 127 . 3 . 635–48 . 2006 . 17081983 . 10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.026 . 7827573 . free .

Notes and References

1. Alvarez RA, Ghalayini AJ, Xu P, Hardcastle A, Bhattacharya S, Rao PN, Pettenati MJ, Anderson RE, Baehr W . cDNA sequence and gene locus of the human retinal phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase-C beta 4 (PLCB4) . Genomics . 29 . 1 . 53–61 . Feb 1996 . 8530101 . 10.1006/geno.1995.1214 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: PLCB4 phospholipase C, beta 4.