PLCB2 explained

1-Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLCB2 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Function

The gene codes for the enzyme phospholipase C β2. The enzyme catalyzes the formation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. This reaction uses calcium as a cofactor and plays an important role in the intracellular transduction of many extracellular signals. This gene is activated by two G-protein alpha subunits, alpha-q and alpha-11, as well as G-beta gamma subunits.

Interactions

PLCB2 has been shown to interact with MAP2K3^[4] and TRPM7.^[5]

Further reading

• Cefai D, Debre P, Kaczorek M, Idziorek T, Autran B, Bismuth G . Human immunodeficiency virus-1 glycoproteins gp120 and gp160 specifically inhibit the CD3/T cell-antigen receptor phosphoinositide transduction pathway . J. Clin. Invest. . 86 . 6 . 2117–24 . 1990 . 1979339 . 329852 . 10.1172/JCI114950 .
• Zauli G, Previati M, Caramelli E, Bassini A, Falcieri E, Gibellini D, Bertolaso L, Bosco D, Robuffo I, Capitani S . Exogenous human immunodeficiency virus type-1 Tat protein selectively stimulates a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C nuclear pathway in the Jurkat T cell line . Eur. J. Immunol. . 25 . 9 . 2695–700 . 1995 . 7589147 . 10.1002/eji.1830250944 . 20562627 .
• Buhl AM, Osawa S, Johnson GL . Mitogen-activated protein kinase activation requires two signal inputs from the human anaphylatoxin C5a receptor . J. Biol. Chem. . 270 . 34 . 19828–32 . 1995 . 7649993 . 10.1074/jbc.270.34.19828 . free .
• Chen P, Mayne M, Power C, Nath A . The Tat protein of HIV-1 induces tumor necrosis factor-alpha production. Implications for HIV-1-associated neurological diseases . J. Biol. Chem. . 272 . 36 . 22385–8 . 1997 . 9278385 . 10.1074/jbc.272.36.22385 . free .
• Darè E, Kifor O, Brown EM, Weber G . Characterization of the phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C isozymes present in the bovine parathyroid and in human kidney HEK293 cells stably transfected with the human parathyroid Ca2+-sensing receptor . J. Mol. Endocrinol. . 21 . 1 . 7–17 . 1998 . 9723859 . 10.1677/jme.0.0210007 . free .
• Mayne M, Bratanich AC, Chen P, Rana F, Nath A, Power C . HIV-1 tat molecular diversity and induction of TNF-alpha: implications for HIV-induced neurological disease . Neuroimmunomodulation . 5 . 3–4 . 184–92 . 1998 . 9730685 . 10.1159/000026336 . 19529677 .
• Haughey NJ, Holden CP, Nath A, Geiger JD . Involvement of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-regulated stores of intracellular calcium in calcium dysregulation and neuron cell death caused by HIV-1 protein tat . J. Neurochem. . 73 . 4 . 1363–74 . 1999 . 10501179 . 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0731363.x . 25410140 .
• Mayne M, Holden CP, Nath A, Geiger JD . Release of calcium from inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-regulated stores by HIV-1 Tat regulates TNF-alpha production in human macrophages . J. Immunol. . 164 . 12 . 6538–42 . 2000 . 10843712 . 10.4049/jimmunol.164.12.6538 . free .
• Tang Y, Tang J, Chen Z, Trost C, Flockerzi V, Li M, Ramesh V, Zhu MX . Association of mammalian trp4 and phospholipase C isozymes with a PDZ domain-containing protein, NHERF . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 48 . 37559–64 . 2000 . 10980202 . 10.1074/jbc.M006635200 . free .
• Caricasole A, Sala C, Roncarati R, Formenti E, Terstappen GC . Cloning and characterization of the human phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C-beta 1 (PLC beta 1) . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1517 . 1 . 63–72 . 2000 . 11118617 . 10.1016/S0167-4781(00)00260-8 .
• Singer AU, Waldo GL, Harden TK, Sondek J . A unique fold of phospholipase C-beta mediates dimerization and interaction with G alpha q . Nat. Struct. Biol. . 9 . 1 . 32–6 . 2002 . 11753430 . 10.1038/nsb731 . 13301839 .
• Runnels LW, Yue L, Clapham DE . The TRPM7 channel is inactivated by PIP(2) hydrolysis . Nat. Cell Biol. . 4 . 5 . 329–36 . 2002 . 11941371 . 10.1038/ncb781 . 21592843 .
• Scarlata S . Suzanne Scarlata. Regulation of the lateral association of phospholipase Cbeta2 and G protein subunits by lipid rafts . Biochemistry . 41 . 22 . 7092–9 . 2002 . 12033943 . 10.1021/bi025625j .
• Bertagnolo V, Marchisio M, Pierpaoli S, Colamussi ML, Brugnoli F, Visani G, Zauli G, Capitani S . Selective up-regulation of phospholipase C-beta2 during granulocytic differentiation of normal and leukemic hematopoietic progenitors . J. Leukoc. Biol. . 71 . 6 . 957–65 . 2002 . 10.1189/jlb.71.6.957 . 12050180 . 37477730 .
• Barr AJ, Marjoram R, Xu J, Snyderman R . Phospholipase C-beta 2 interacts with mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 293 . 1 . 647–52 . 2002 . 12054652 . 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00259-0 .
• Buck E, Schatz P, Scarlata S, Iyengar R . Suzanne Scarlata. Role of dynamic interactions in effective signal transfer for Gbeta stimulation of phospholipase C-beta 2 . J. Biol. Chem. . 277 . 51 . 49707–15 . 2002 . 12388553 . 10.1074/jbc.M205553200 . free .
• Bennasser Y, Badou A, Tkaczuk J, Bahraoui E . Signaling pathways triggered by HIV-1 Tat in human monocytes to induce TNF-alpha . Virology . 303 . 1 . 174–80 . 2002 . 12482669 . 10.1006/viro.2002.1676 . free .

Notes and References

1. Park D, Jhon DY, Kriz R, Knopf J, Rhee SG . Cloning, sequencing, expression, and Gq-independent activation of phospholipase C-beta 2 . J. Biol. Chem. . 267 . 23 . 16048–55 . Sep 1992 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)41963-1 . 1644792 . free .
2. Park SH, Ryu SH, Suh PG, Kim H . Assignment1 of human PLCB2 encoding PLC beta2 to human chromosome 15q15 by fluorescence in situ hybridization . Cytogenet. Cell Genet. . 83 . 1–2 . 48–9 . Mar 1999 . 9925923 . 10.1159/000015166 . 45169136 .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: PLCB2 phospholipase C, beta 2.
4. Barr AJ, Marjoram R, Xu J, Snyderman R . Phospholipase C-beta 2 interacts with mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 293 . 1 . 647–52 . Apr 2002 . 12054652 . 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00259-0 .
5. Runnels LW, Yue L, Clapham DE . The TRPM7 channel is inactivated by PIP(2) hydrolysis . Nat. Cell Biol. . 4 . 5 . 329–36 . May 2002 . 11941371 . 10.1038/ncb781 . 21592843 .