PLA2G5 explained

Calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLA2G5 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

This gene is a member of the secretory phospholipase A2 family. It is located in a tightly-linked cluster of secretory phospholipase A2 genes on chromosome 1. The encoded enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids to generate lysophospholipids and free fatty acids including arachidonic acid. It preferentially hydrolyzes linoleoyl-containing phosphatidylcholine substrates. Secretion of this enzyme is thought to induce inflammatory responses in neighboring cells. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found, but their full-length nature has not been determined.

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Further reading

• Schröder HC, Perovic S, Kavsan V, etal . Mechanisms of prionSc- and HIV-1 gp120 induced neuronal cell death. . Neurotoxicology . 19 . 4–5 . 683–8 . 1998 . 9745929 .
• Cho W . Structure, function, and regulation of group V phospholipase A(2). . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1488 . 1–2 . 48–58 . 2001 . 11080676 . 10.1016/s1388-1981(00)00109-8.
• de Beer FC, Webb NR . Inflammation and atherosclerosis: Group IIa and Group V sPLA2 are not redundant. . Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. . 26 . 7 . 1421–2 . 2006 . 16794232 . 10.1161/01.ATV.0000227561.89488.9a . free .
• Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB . Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery. . Genome Res. . 6 . 9 . 791–806 . 1997 . 8889548 . 10.1101/gr.6.9.791 . free .
• Mavoungou E, Georges-Courbot MC, Poaty-Mavoungou V, etal . HIV and SIV envelope glycoproteins induce phospholipase A2 activation in human and macaque lymphocytes. . J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. . 16 . 1 . 1–9 . 1997 . 9377118 . 10.1097/00042560-199709010-00001. free .
• Chen Y, Dennis EA . Expression and characterization of human group V phospholipase A2. . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1394 . 1 . 57–64 . 1998 . 9767110 . 10.1016/s0005-2760(98)00098-8 .
• Bingham CO, Fijneman RJ, Friend DS, etal . Low molecular weight group IIA and group V phospholipase A(2) enzymes have different intracellular locations in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. . J. Biol. Chem. . 274 . 44 . 31476–84 . 1999 . 10531350 . 10.1074/jbc.274.44.31476 . free .
• Johansen B, Rakkestad K, Balboa MA, Dennis EA . Expression of cytosolic and secreted forms of phospholipase A(2) and cyclooxygenases in human placenta, fetal membranes, and chorionic cell lines. . Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. . 60 . 4–6 . 119–25 . 2000 . 10751642 . 10.1016/S0090-6980(99)00057-X .
• Kim KP, Han SK, Hong M, Cho W . The molecular basis of phosphatidylcholine preference of human group-V phospholipase A2. . 348 . Biochem. J. . Pt 3 . 3. 643–7 . 2000 . 10839997 . 10.1042/0264-6021:3480643 . 1221108 .
• Seeds MC, Jones KA, Duncan Hite R, etal . Cell-specific expression of group X and group V secretory phospholipases A(2) in human lung airway epithelial cells. . Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. . 23 . 1 . 37–44 . 2000 . 10873151 . 10.1165/ajrcmb.23.1.4034.
• Bernatchez PN, Winstead MV, Dennis EA, Sirois MG . VEGF stimulation of endothelial cell PAF synthesis is mediated by group V 14 kDa secretory phospholipase A2. . Br. J. Pharmacol. . 134 . 1 . 197–205 . 2001 . 11522612 . 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704215 . 1572915 .
• Degousee N, Ghomashchi F, Stefanski E, etal . Groups IV, V, and X phospholipases A2s in human neutrophils: role in eicosanoid production and gram-negative bacterial phospholipid hydrolysis. . J. Biol. Chem. . 277 . 7 . 5061–73 . 2002 . 11741884 . 10.1074/jbc.M109083200 . free .
• Kim YJ, Kim KP, Han SK, etal . Group V phospholipase A2 induces leukotriene biosynthesis in human neutrophils through the activation of group IVA phospholipase A2. . J. Biol. Chem. . 277 . 39 . 36479–88 . 2002 . 12124392 . 10.1074/jbc.M205399200 . free .
• Hichami A, Joshi B, Simonin AM, Khan NA . Role of three isoforms of phospholipase A2 in capacitative calcium influx in human T-cells. . Eur. J. Biochem. . 269 . 22 . 5557–63 . 2003 . 12423354 . 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.03261.x . free .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Muñoz NM, Kim YJ, Meliton AY, etal . Human group V phospholipase A2 induces group IVA phospholipase A2-independent cysteinyl leukotriene synthesis in human eosinophils. . J. Biol. Chem. . 278 . 40 . 38813–20 . 2003 . 12796497 . 10.1074/jbc.M302476200 . free .

Notes and References

1. Tischfield JA, Xia YR, Shih DM, Klisak I, Chen J, Engle SJ, Siakotos AN, Winstead MV, Seilhamer JJ, Allamand V, Gyapay G, Lusis AJ . Low-molecular-weight, calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 genes are linked and map to homologous chromosome regions in mouse and human . Genomics . 32 . 3 . 328–33 . February 1997 . 8838795 . 10.1006/geno.1996.0126 .
2. Chen J, Engle SJ, Seilhamer JJ, Tischfield JA . Cloning and recombinant expression of a novel human low molecular weight Ca(2+)-dependent phospholipase A2 . J Biol Chem . 269 . 4 . 2365–8 . March 1994 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)41952-1 . 8300559 . free .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: PLA2G5 phospholipase A2, group V.
4. Otha. Shin. Group V secretory phospholipase A2 is involved in macrophage activation and is sufficient for macrophage effector functions in allergic pulmonary inflammation.. Journal of Immunology. 15 June 2013. 12. 190. 5927–38. 10.4049/jimmunol.1203202. 23650617. 3939699.