PIC instruction listings explained

The PIC instruction set refers to the set of instructions that Microchip Technology PIC or dsPIC microcontroller supports. The instructions are usually programmed into the Flash memory of the processor, and automatically executed by the microcontroller on startup.

PICmicro chips have a Harvard architecture and instruction words have unusual sizes. Originally, 12-bit instructions included 5 address bits to specify the memory operand, and 9-bit branch destinations. Later revisions added opcode bits, allowing additional address bits.

They are accumulator machines, with a common accumulator "W" being one operand in all 2-operand instructions.

In the instruction set tables that follow, register numbers are referred to as "f", while constants are referred to as "k". Bit numbers (0–7) are selected by "b". Arithmetic instructions write their result to one of the inputs selected by the "d" bit: 0 indicates W, while 1 indicates that the result is written back to source register f. The C and Z status flags may be set based on the result; otherwise they are unmodified. Add and subtract (but not rotate) instructions that set C also set the DC (digit carry) flag, the carry from bit 3 to bit 4, which is useful for BCD arithmetic.

Architecture

Memory operands are also referred to as "registers". Most are simply general-purpose storage (RAM), while some locations are reserved for special function registers. Except for a single accumulator (called W), almost all other registers are memory-mapped, even registers like the program counter and ALU status register. (The other exceptions, which are not memory-mapped, are the return address stack, and the tri-state registers used to configure the GPIO pins.)

Some arithmetic instructions only use one of their inputs, but still use a dbit. For example, MOVW copies the value of W to the destination. When used with d = 1, this stores W to f. When used with d = 0, this performs no operation. There is a matching MOVF instruction which outputs the value of f. When used with d = 0, this loads f into W. When used with d = 1, the only visible effect is to set the zero flag depending on the value of f.

The instruction set does not contain conditional branch instructions. Instead, it contains conditional skip instructions which cause the following instruction to be ignored. A conditional skip followed by an unconditional branch performs a conditional branch. The skip instructions test any bit of any register. The ALU status register is one possibility.

Memory operands are specified by absolute address; the location is fixed at compile time. To provide indirect addressing, a pair of special function registers are provided:

The file select register (FSR) is written with the address of the desired memory operand, after which
The indirect file register (INDF) becomes an alias for the operand pointed to by the FSR.

This mechanism also allows up to 256 bytes of memory to be addressed, even when the instruction set only allows 5- or 7-bit absolute addresses. Models with more registers (special function registers plus RAM) than fit into the instruction provide multiple banks of memory, and use one of two mechanisms for accessing them:

Most baseline core devices, and some mid-range core devices, use the high-order bits of the file select register to select the current register bank.
More recent models have a separate bank select register, and a MOVLB instruction to set it.

PIC processors with more than 256 words of program use paged memory. The internal program counter and return stack are as wide as necessary to address all memory, but only the low 8 bits are visible to software in the PCL ("PC low") register. There is an additional PCLATH ("PC latch high") register which is only modified by software. Any operation which does not specify the full destination address (such as a 9-bit GOTO or an 8-bit write to the PCL register) fills in the additional high bits from the corresponding part of PCLATH. (Some PIC18 processors extend this beyond 16 bits with a PCLATU register to supply bits 16–23.)

Baseline core devices (12 bit)

This is the original 1976 instruction set, introduced in the General Instrument PIC1640 and PIC1650,^[1] with the only additions since then being the miscellaneous instructions other than NOP.


1 0	9	8	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0	Mnemonic	C ?	Z ?	Description

0	0	0	0	0	0	0	opcode					Miscellaneous instructions
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	NOP			No operation (MOVW 0,W)
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	OPTION			Copy W to OPTION register
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	SLEEP			Go into standby mode
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	CLRWDT			Restart watchdog timer
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	f		TRIS f			Copy W to tri-state register (f = 1, 2 or 3)
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	k			MOVLB k^*			Set bank select register to k
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	RETURN^†			Return from subroutine, W unmodified
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	RETFIE^†			Return from interrupt; return & enable interrupts

0	0	opcode				d	register					ALU operations: dest ← OP(f,W)
0	0	0	0	0	0	1	f					MOVWF f			f ← W
0	0	0	0	0	1	d	f					CLR f,d		Z	dest ← 0, usually written CLRW or CLRF f
0	0	0	0	1	0	d	f					SUBWF f,d	C	Z	dest ← f−W (dest ← f+~W+1)
0	0	0	0	1	1	d	f					DECF f,d		Z	dest ← f−1
0	0	0	1	0	0	d	f					IORWF f,d		Z	dest ← f W, logical inclusive or
0	0	0	1	0	1	d	f					ANDWF f,d		Z	dest ← f & W, logical and
0	0	0	1	1	0	d	f					XORWF f,d		Z	dest ← f ^ W, logical exclusive or
0	0	0	1	1	1	d	f					ADDWF f,d	C	Z	dest ← f+W
0	0	1	0	0	0	d	f					MOVF f,d		Z	dest ← f
0	0	1	0	0	1	d	f					COMF f,d		Z	dest ← ~f, bitwise complement
0	0	1	0	1	0	d	f					INCF f,d		Z	dest ← f+1
0	0	1	0	1	1	d	f					DECFSZ f,d			dest ← f−1, then skip if zero
0	0	1	1	0	0	d	f					RRF f,d	C		dest ← CARRY<<7 f>>1, rotate right through carry
0	0	1	1	0	1	d	f					RLF f,d	C		dest ← F<<1 CARRY, rotate left through carry
0	0	1	1	1	0	d	f					SWAPF f,d			dest ← f<<4 f>>4, swap nibbles
0	0	1	1	1	1	d	f					INCFSZ f,d			dest ← f+1, then skip if zero

0	1	opc		bit			register					Bit operations
0	1	0	0	bit			f					BCF f,b			Clear bit b of f
0	1	0	1	bit			f					BSF f,b			Set bit b of f
0	1	1	0	bit			f					BTFSC f,b			Skip if bit b of f is clear
0	1	1	1	bit			f					BTFSS f,b			Skip if bit b of f is set

1	0	opc		k								Control transfers
1	0	0	0	k								RETLW k			Set W ← k, then return from subroutine
1	0	0	1	k								CALL k			Call subroutine, 8-bit address k
1	0	1	k									GOTO k			Jump to 9-bit address k^[2]

1	1	opc		8-bit immediate								Operations with W and 8-bit literal: W ← OP(k,W)
1	1	0	0	k								MOVLW k			W ← k
1	1	0	1	k								IORLW k		Z	W ← k W, bitwise logical or
1	1	1	0	k								ANDLW k		Z	W ← k & W, bitwise and
1	1	1	1	k								XORLW k		Z	W ← k ^ W, bitwise exclusive or

1 1	1 0	9	8	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0	Mnemonic	C ?	Z ?	Description

*: Extended instruction, not available on most 12-bit PICs. Of the models with extended RAM, most (e.g. 16C5x, 16F5x) extend the register address space using the high-order bits of the FSR. A few (e.g. PIC12F529T39A) have a separate bank select register which can be set with this instruction.
†: Extended instruction, only available on "enhanced baseline" PICs. Only the very few models (16F527, 16F570, MCV20A) with interrupt support (and a 4-level stack) include these instructions. All such models also include MOVLB.

General Instrument PIC1670 (13 bit, obsolete)

Introduced in 1979, this expanded PIC supported 64 bytes of register space (16 special function registers and 48 bytes of RAM), 1024 words of ROM, a 6-level hardware stack, and interrupt handling. The PIC1665 was a variant with external ROM used for developing firmware for the mask ROM 1670.

It added a signed overflow bit to the status register (bit 3). Status register bits 4 and 5 provided read-only access to the high 2 bits of the 10-bit program counter.

The instruction set is mostly the same as the 12-bit PIC with the address field enlarged. However, the 8-bit immediate instructions gain an additional opcode bit. Rather than adding an additional four instructions with an 8-bit immediate operand, the instruction set adds two instructions with 8-bit operands, two instructions with 7-bit operands (6-bit address plus direction bit), and four instructions with 6-bit operands (6-bit address):

The 8-bit immediate group grows to 6 instructions by adding ADDLW and RETLW. The latter is moved out of the control transfer group, allowing a full 10-bit address in the CALL instruction.
The ALU operations group gains add/subtract with carry (ADCWF, SUBBWF) instructions (7-bit operands).
The CLRW instruction is deleted (it wastes a 6-bit memory address and duplicates MOVLW 0).
Five new instructions with a 6-bit memory address operands are added. These do not have a destination select bit, and include three "compare and skip" instructions which do not write a result, and two "rotate without carry" instructions.

This instruction set is not used in any currently manufactured part and is of historical interest only.


1 1	1 0	9	8	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0	Mnemonic	C ?	Z ?	Description

0	0	0	0	0	0	0	opcode						Miscellaneous instructions
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	NOP			No operation (MOVW 0,W)
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	HALT			Halt processor (PIC1665 only)
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	RETFI			Return from interrupt
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	RETFS			Return from subroutine, W unmodified
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	DAW			Decimal Adjust W

0	0	opcode				d	register						ALU operations same as 12- and 14-bit PIC except
0	0	0	0	0	1	d	f						SUBBWF f,d	C	Z	dest ← f−W− = f+~W+C (not)
0	0	1	0	0	0	d	f						ADCWF f,d	C	Z	dest ← f+W+C (not)

0	1	opc		bit			register						Bit operations same as 12- and 14-bit PIC

1	0	0	0	opcode			register						Additional ALU operations, no choice of destination
1	0	0	0	0	0	0	f						MOVFW f		Z	W ← f (= MOVF f,0)
1	0	0	0	0	0	1	f						CLRF f		Z	f ← 0 (for CLRW, use MOVLW 0)
1	0	0	0	0	1	0	f						RRNC f			f ← f<<7 f>>1, rotate right no carry
1	0	0	0	0	1	1	f						RLNC f			f ← f<<1 f>>7, rotate left no carry
1	0	0	0	1	0	0	f						CPFSLT f			Compare and skip if f < W (unsigned)
1	0	0	0	1	0	1	f						CPFSEQ f			Compare and skip if f = W
1	0	0	0	1	1	0	f						CPFSGT f			Compare and skip if f > W (unsigned)
1	0	0	0	1	1	1	f						TESTF f		Z	f ← f (= MOVF f,1)

1	0	opcode			8-bit immediate								Operations with W and 8-bit literal: W ← OP(k,W)
1	0	0	1	0	k								MOVLW k			W ← k
1	0	0	1	1	k								ADDLW k	C	Z	W ← k+W
1	0	1	0	0	k								IORLW k		Z	W ← k W, bitwise logical or
1	0	1	0	1	k								ANDLW k		Z	W ← k & W, bitwise and
1	0	1	1	0	k								XORLW k		Z	W ← k ^ W, bitwise exclusive or
1	0	1	1	1	k								RETLW k			W ← k, then return from subroutine

1	1	c	k										Control transfers
1	1	0	k										GOTO k			Jump to address k
1	1	1	k										CALL k			Call subroutine

1 2	1 1	1 0	9	8	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0	Mnemonic	C ?	Z ?	Description

ELAN Microelectronics clones (13 bit)

ELAN Microelectronics Corp. make a series of PICmicro-like microcontrollers with a 13-bit instruction word.^[3] The instructions are mostly compatible with the mid-range 14-bit instruction set, but limited to a 6-bit register address (16 special-purpose registers and 48 bytes of RAM) and a 10-bit (1024 word) program space.

The 10-bit program counter is accessible as R2. Reads access only the low bits, and writes clear the high bits. An exception is the TBL instruction, which modifies the low byte while preserving bits 8 and 9.

The 7 accumulator-immediate instructions are renumbered relative to the 14-bit PICmicro, to fit into 3 opcode bits rather than 4, but they are all there, as well as an additional software interrupt instruction.

There are a few additional miscellaneous instructions, and there are some changes to the terminology (the PICmicro OPTION register is called the CONTrol register; the PICmicro TRIS registers 1–3 are called I/O control registers 5–7), but the equivalents are obvious.


1 1	1 0	9	8	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0	Mnemonic	C ?	Z ?	Description

0	0	0	0	0	0	0	opcode						Miscellaneous instructions
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	NOP^*			No operation (MOVW 0,W)
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	DAA^†	C		Decimal Adjust after Addition
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	CONTW^*			Write CONT register (CONT ← W)
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	SLEP^*			Go into standby mode (WDT ← 0, stop clock)
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	WDTC^*			Restart watchdog timer (WDT ← 0)
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	f				IOW f			Copy W to I/O control register (f = 5–7, 11–15)
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	ENI^†			Enable interrupts
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	DISI^†			Disable interrupts
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	RET			Return from subroutine, W unmodified
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	RETI			Return from interrupt; return & enable interrupts
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	CONTR^†			Read CONT register (W ← CONT)
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	f				IOR f			Copy I/O control register to W (f = 5–7, 11–15)
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	TBL^†	C	Z	PCL += W, preserve PC bits 8 & 9

0	0	opcode				d	register						ALU operations same as 12- and 14-bit PIC
0	1	opc		bit			register						Bit operations same as 12- and 14-bit PIC
1	0	c	k										Control transfers same as 14-bit PIC

1	1	opcode			8-bit immediate								Operations with W and 8-bit literal: W ← OP(k,W)
1	1	0	op		k								MOV/IOR/AND/XOR, same as 12-bit PIC
1	1	1	0	0	k								RETLW k			W ← k, then return from subroutine
1	1	1	0	1	k								SUBLW k	C	Z	W ← k−W (W ← k+~W+1)
1	1	1	1	0	0	k							INT k^†			Push PC, PC ← k (software interrupt, usually k=1)
1	1	1	1	1	k								ADDLW k	C	Z	W ← k+W

1	1	1	1	0	1	opcode			k				Extensions (replacing INT k for k≥128 on later models)
1	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	k				PAGE k			Select ROM page k (like MOVLP k)
1	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	k				BANK k^†			Select RAM bank k
1	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	k				LCALL k^†			Long call with 17-bit address (2-word instruction)
1	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	k				LJMP k^†			Long jump with 17-bit address (2-word instruction)
1	1	1	1	0	1	1	f						TBRD f			Read ROM at TBHP:TBLP into specified register

1 2	1 1	1 0	9	8	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0	Mnemonic	C ?	Z ?	Description

*: Same opcode as 12-bit PIC
†: Instruction unique to EM78 instruction set with no PIC equivalent

Some models support multiple ROM or RAM banks, in a manner similar to other PIC microcontrollers.

There is also a 15-bit variant of the instruction set, which is almost identical except that the register numbers are enlarged to 8 bits and the call and jump addresses are enlarged to 12 bits. Other differences:

The CONTW, IOW, CONTR, IOR and INT instructions are deleted,
Operations with an 8-bit literal have two 0 bits added as bits 8 and 9,
Extensions with a 4-bit literal have two 0 bits added as bits 4 and 5, and
The PAGE and BANK instructions are renamed SBANK and GBANK and perform bank switching on special function registers and general-purpose RAM, respectively.

A second generation 15-bit instruction set includes several additional instructions:


1 3	1 2	1 1	1 0	9	8	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0	Mnemonic	C ?	Z ?	Description

0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	opcode							Miscellaneous instructions
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	NOP^*			No operation (MOVW 0,W)
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	DAA^*	C		Decimal Adjust after Addition
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	SLEP^*			Go into standby mode (WDT ← 0, stop clock)
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	WDTC^*			Restart watchdog timer (WDT ← 0)
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	MULW^†			8×8 → 16-bit multiply
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	DIVW^†			8÷8 → 8,8-bit divide
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	ENI^*			Enable interrupts
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	DISI^*			Disable interrupts
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	RET^*			Return from subroutine, W unmodified
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	RETI^*			Return from interrupt; return & enable interrupts
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	1	0	RESET			Software reset
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	1	1	TBWR			Flash ROM write
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	k						INT k			Software interrupt at address 2×k
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	bit			f				BTG f,b			Invert (toggle) bit b of f (limited address range)

0	0	opcode				d	register								ALU operations same as EM78 and PIC
0	1	opc		bit			register								Bit operations same as EM78 and PIC
1	0	c	k												Control transfers same as EM78 and 14-bit PIC

1	1	opcode			0	0	8-bit immediate								Operations with 8-bit literal same as EM78 (except INT)
1	1	opcode					register or immediate								Instruction set extensions
1	1	0	0	0	0	1	f								JE r			Skip if W = f
1	1	0	0	0	1	0	f								JGE r			Skip if W > f
1	1	0	0	0	1	1	f								JLE r			Skip if W < f
1	1	0	0	1	0	1	k								JE k			Skip if W = k
1	1	0	0	1	1	0	k								align=left colspan=4	(reserved)
1	1	0	0	1	1	1	f								TBRDA f			Read ROM at TBHP:TBLP into f; msbits into W
1	1	0	1	0	0	1	k								SJC address			Jump to PC + sext(k) if carry set
1	1	0	1	0	1	0	k								SJNC address			Jump to PC + sext(k) if carry clear
1	1	0	1	0	1	1	k								SJZ address			Jump to PC + sext(k) if zero flag set
1	1	0	1	1	0	1	k								SJNZ address			Jump to PC + sext(k) if zero flag clear
1	1	0	1	1	1	d	f								RR f/RRA			dest ← f<<7	f>>1, rotate right without carry
1	1	1	0	0	0	1	f								XCH f			Exchange f ↔ W
1	1	1	0	0	1	d	f								RL f/RLA			dest ← f<<1	f>>7, rotate left without carry
1	1	1	0	1	0	1	f								MUL f			PRODH:PRODL ← f × W
1	1	1	0	1	1	x	k								(reserved)
1	1	1	1	0	0	d	f								SUBB	C	Z	dest ← f + ~W + C, subtract with carry
1	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	k				SBANK k^*			Select special function register bank k
1	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	k				GBANK k^*			Select RAM bank k
1	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	k				LCALL k^*			Long call with 19-bit address (2-word instruction)
1	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	k				LJMP k^*			Long jump with 19-bit address (2-word instruction)
1	1	1	1	0	1	1	f								TBRD f			Read ROM at TBHP:TBLP into f
1	1	1	1	1	0	1	f								NEG f	C	Z	f ← −f (f ← ~f + 1), negate
1	1	1	1	1	1	d	f								ADC f	C	Z	dest ← f + W + C, add with carry

*: Same opcode as 13-bit EM78
†: Only on EM89F768N; operands and results in special registers
‡: Only on EM88F794N, MTF213 and MTF351

Mid-range core devices (14 bit)

These devices feature a 14-bit wide code memory, and an improved 8 level deep call stack. The instruction set differs very little from the baseline devices, but the 2 additional opcode bits allow 128 registers and 2048 words of code to be directly addressed. There are a few additional miscellaneous instructions, and two additional 8-bit literal instructions, add and subtract. The mid-range core is available in the majority of devices labeled PIC12 and PIC16.


1 2	1 1	1 0	9	8	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0	Mnemonic	C ?	Z ?	Description

0	0	0	0	0	0	0	opcode							Miscellaneous instructions
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	NOP			No operation (MOVW 0,W)
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	RETURN			Return from subroutine, W unmodified
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	RETFIE			Return from interrupt
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	OPTION			Copy W to OPTION register (deprecated)
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	SLEEP			Go into standby mode
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	CLRWDT			Restart watchdog timer
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	f		TRIS f			Copy W to tri-state register (f = 1, 2 or 3) (deprecated)

0	0	opcode				d	register							ALU operations: dest ← OP(f,W)
0	0	0	0	0	0	1	f							MOVWF f			f ← W
0	0	0	0	0	1	d	f							CLR f,d		Z	dest ← 0, usually written CLRW or CLRF f
0	0	0	0	1	0	d	f							SUBWF f,d	C	Z	dest ← f−W (dest ← f+~W+1)
0	0	0	0	1	1	d	f							DECF f,d		Z	dest ← f−1
0	0	0	1	0	0	d	f							IORWF f,d		Z	dest ← f W, logical inclusive or
0	0	0	1	0	1	d	f							ANDWF f,d		Z	dest ← f & W, logical and
0	0	0	1	1	0	d	f							XORWF f,d		Z	dest ← f ^ W, logical exclusive or
0	0	0	1	1	1	d	f							ADDWF f,d	C	Z	dest ← f+W
0	0	1	0	0	0	d	f							MOVF f,d		Z	dest ← f
0	0	1	0	0	1	d	f							COMF f,d		Z	dest ← ~f, bitwise complement
0	0	1	0	1	0	d	f							INCF f,d		Z	dest ← f+1
0	0	1	0	1	1	d	f							DECFSZ f,d			dest ← f−1, then skip if zero
0	0	1	1	0	0	d	f							RRF f,d	C		dest ← CARRY<<7 f>>1, rotate right through carry
0	0	1	1	0	1	d	f							RLF f,d	C		dest ← f<<1 CARRY, rotate left through carry
0	0	1	1	1	0	d	f							SWAPF f,d			dest ← f<<4 f>>4, swap nibbles
0	0	1	1	1	1	d	f							INCFSZ f,d			dest ← f+1, then skip if zero

0	1	opc		bit			register							Bit operations
0	1	0	0	bit			f							BCF f,b			Clear bit b of f
0	1	0	1	bit			f							BSF f,b			Set bit b of f
0	1	1	0	bit			f							BTFSC f,b			Skip if bit b of f is clear
0	1	1	1	bit			f							BTFSS f,b			Skip if bit b of f is set

1	0	c	k											Control transfers
1	0	0	k											CALL k			Call subroutine
1	0	1	k											GOTO k			Jump to address k

1	1	opcode				8-bit immediate								Operations with W and 8-bit literal: W ← OP(k,W)
1	1	0	0	x	x	k								MOVLW k			W ← k
1	1	0	1	x	x	k								RETLW k			W ← k, then return from subroutine
1	1	1	0	0	0	k								IORLW k		Z	W ← k W, bitwise logical or
1	1	1	0	0	1	k								ANDLW k		Z	W ← k & W, bitwise and
1	1	1	0	1	0	k								XORLW k		Z	W ← k ^ W, bitwise exclusive or
1	1	1	0	1	1	k								(reserved)
1	1	1	1	0	x	k								SUBLW k	C	Z	W ← k−W (dest ← k+~W+1)
1	1	1	1	1	x	k								ADDLW k	C	Z	W ← k+W

1 3	1 2	1 1	1 0	9	8	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0	Mnemonic	C ?	Z ?	Description

Enhanced mid-range core devices (14 bit)

Enhanced mid-range core devices introduce a deeper hardware stack, additional reset methods, 14 additional instructions and C programming language optimizations.^[4] In particular. there are two INDF registers (INDF0 and INDF1), and two corresponding FSR register pairs (FSR''n''L and FSR''n''H). Special instructions use FSR''n'' registers like address registers, with a variety of addressing modes.


1 2	1 1	1 0	9	8	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0	Mnemonic	C ?	Z ?	Description

0	0	0	0	0	0	0	opcode							Miscellaneous instructions
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	RESET			Software reset
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	CALLW			Push PC, then jump to PCLATH:W
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	1	BRW			PC ← PC + W, relative jump using W
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	n	0	0	MOVIW ++FSRn		Z	Increment FSRn, then W ← INDFn
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	n	0	1	MOVIW −−FSRn		Z	Decrement FSRn, then W ← INDFn
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	n	1	0	MOVIW FSRn++		Z	W ← INDFn, then increment FSRn
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	n	1	1	MOVIW FSRn−−		Z	W ← INDFn, then decrement FSRn
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	n	m		MOVWI using FSRn			INDFn ← W, same modes as MOVIW
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	k					MOVLB k			BSR ← k, move literal to bank select register

1	1	opcode				d	register							ALU operations: dest ← OP(f,W)
1	1	0	1	0	1	d	f							LSLF f,d	C	Z	dest ← f << 1, logical shift left
1	1	0	1	1	0	d	f							LSRF f,d	C	Z	dest ← f >> 1, logical shift right
1	1	0	1	1	1	d	f							ASRF f,d	C	Z	dest ← f >> 1, arithmetic shift right
1	1	1	0	1	1	d	f							SUBWFB f,d	C	Z	dest ← f + ~W + C, subtract with carry
1	1	1	1	0	1	d	f							ADDWFC f,d	C	Z	dest ← f + W + C, add with carry

1	1	opcode					k							Operations with literal k
1	1	0	0	0	1	0	n	k						ADDFSR FSRn,k			FSRn ← FSRn + k, add 6-bit signed offset
1	1	0	0	0	1	1	k							MOVLP k			PCLATH ← k, move 7-bit literal to PC latch high
1	1	0	0	1	k									BRA k			PC ← PC + k, branch relative using 9-bit signed offset
1	1	1	1	1	1	0	n	k						MOVIW k[FSR''n'']		Z	W ← [FSR''n''+''k''], 6-bit signed offset
1	1	1	1	1	1	1	n	k						MOVWI k[FSR''n'']			[FSR''n''+''k''] ← W, 6-bit signed offset

1 3	1 2	1 1	1 0	9	8	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0	Mnemonic	C ?	Z ?	Description

Holtek clones (14, 15 or 16 bit)

Holtek make numerous 8-bit microcontrollers with a 14-bit instruction word equivalent to the (non-enhanced) mid-range core. The instruction encodings all fit into 14 bits and provide 7-bit operand addresses.

The instruction format is identical to Microchip's, but the opcodes are assigned in a different order, and the manufacturer uses different instruction mnemonics. The accumulator is called ACC rather than W, and the destination is specified by a suffix to the instruction mnemonic rather than an operand. (Instructions which do not use the accumulator by default write back to memory, and use an A suffix to indicate the destination is the accumulator. Two-operand instructions by default write to the accumulator, and use an M suffix to indicate a memory destination.)

In addition to the different opcode assignment, there are semantic differences in a few instructions:

The subtract instructions subtract the operand from the accumulator, while Microchip's subtract instructions do the reverse. (This makes the subtract immediate instruction redundant, as it is equivalent to an add of the negative.)
The move-to-accumulator and clear instructions do not modify any flags.
In addition to the zero, carry, and digit carry flags (called AC by Holtek), there an overflow flag which is set by the same add and subtract instructions which set AC.

Several operations have been added to the 14-bit PICmicro repertoire:

Rotate one bit left and right without carry,
Set operand to all-ones,
Skip if operand is zero (without incrementing or decrementing it first),
Skip if operand is non-zero (some models),
Add and subtract with carry,
Decimal adjust after addition, for binary-coded decimal arithmetic, and
Read from program ROM, for table lookup. This uses TBHP and TBLP registers as a 16-bit pointer, fetches the word there, and stores the low byte in a specified location. The high 6–8 bits of the fetched word are stored in the TBLH register. A second form uses only TBLP and reads from the highest 256-byte page in ROM. Some models include a variant which pre-increments TBLP.
Most models support a second instruction to reset the watchdog timer, which must alternate with the first; repetitions of one instruction are ignored. This permits two independent watchdog routines to run, and failure of either will trigger the watchdog.
Holtek provide two indirect addressing registers, like the enhanced 14-bit PIC. Some models (e.g. HT66F70A) provide three. The first indirect addressing register (IAR0) uses an 8-bit address register (MP0), and always addresses the low bank of RAM. IAR1 and IAR2 provide additional RAM address bits (MP1H and MP2H) and allow access to additional banks of RAM.

15-bit models use bit 14 of the instruction as an 8th operand address bit and a 12th CALL/JMP target address bit. 16-bit models add a 13th CALL/JMP target address bit, but do not add a 9th operand addresses bit.^[5]

Instead, some 16-bit models support an extended instruction set. This adds a few new instructions (skip on byte without inc/decrement, subtract immediate with carry, ROM read with address increment), but also adds 2-word "long" variants of all memory instructions. When bit 15 of the opcode is set, it indicates that the 8-bit operand address in opcode bits 0–6 and 14 is extended to 16 bits using bits 0–7 of the following instruction word. Such instructions are written with an L prefix (LADD vs. ADD) and take an extra cycle to execute.


1 2	1 1	1 0	9	8	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0	Mnemonic	PIC equivalent	C ?	Z ?	Description

0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	opcode			Miscellaneous instructions
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	NOP	NOP			No operation (MOV A,A)
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	CLR WDT1	CLRWDT			Restart watchdog timer
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	HALT	SLEEP			Go into low-power mode
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	RET	RETURN			Return from subroutine
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	RETI	RETFIE			Return from interrupt
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	CLR WDT2	bgcolor=lightgrey align=left	≈CLRWDT			Restart watchdog timer
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	x	(reserved)
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	≠0				x	x	x	(reserved)

0	0	0	opcode			d	address							ALU operations part 1: dest ← OP(ACC,[m])^*
0	0	0	0	0	0	1	m							MOV [''m''],A	MOVWF m			[m] ← ACC
0	0	0	0	0	1	d	m							CPLA/CPL [''m'']	COMF m,d		Z	dest ← ~[m], bitwise complement
0	0	0	0	1	0	d	m								bgcolor=lightgrey align=left	≠SUBWF m,d	C	Z	dest ← ACC − [m] (dest ← ACC+~[m]+1)
0	0	0	0	1	1	d	m							ADD/ADDM A,[''m'']	ADDWF m,d	C	Z	dest ← ACC + [m]
0	0	0	1	0	0	d	m							XOR/XORM [''m'']	XORWF m,d		Z	dest ← ACC ^ [m], logical exclusive or
0	0	0	1	0	1	d	m							OR/ORM [''m'']	IORWF m,d		Z	dest ← ACC [m], logical inclusive or
0	0	0	1	1	0	d	m							AND/ANDM [''m'']	ANDWF m,d		Z	dest ← ACC & [m], logical and
0	0	0	1	1	1	0	m							MOV A,[''m'']	bgcolor=lightgrey align=left	≈MOVF m,0			ACC ← [m]
0	0	0	1	1	1	1	m							—	≈MOVF m,1			[m] ← [m]

0	0	1	opcode			8-bit immediate								Operations with 8-bit literal: ACC ← OP(ACC,k)
0	0	1	0	0	0	k								SBC A,k^†	bgcolor=lightgrey	—	C	Z	ACC ← ACC + ~[m] + C, subtract with carry
0	0	1	0	0	1	k								RET A,k	RETLW k			ACC ← k, then return from subroutine
0	0	1	0	1	0	k								SUB A,k	bgcolor=lightgrey align=left	≠SUBLW k	C	Z	ACC ← ACC − k (ACC ← ACC+~k+1)
0	0	1	0	1	1	k								ADD A,k	ADDLW k	C	Z	ACC ← ACC + k
0	0	1	1	0	0	k								XOR A,k	XORLW k		Z	ACC ← ACC ^ k, logical exclusive or
0	0	1	1	0	1	k								OR A,k	IORLW k		Z	ACC ← ACC k, logical inclusive or
0	0	1	1	1	0	k								AND A,k	ANDLW k		Z	ACC ← ACC & k, logical and
0	0	1	1	1	1	k								MOV A,k	MOVLW k			ACC ← k

0	1	opcode				d	address							ALU operations part 2: dest ← OP(ACC,[m])^*
0	1	0	0	0	0	d	m							SZA/SZ [''m'']	bgcolor=lightgrey	—			dest ← [m], skip next instruction if zero
0	1	0	0	0	1	d	m								SWAPF m,d			dest ← [m]<<4 [m]>>4, swap nibbles
0	1	0	0	1	0	d	m							SBC/SBCM A,[''m'']	bgcolor=lightgrey align=left	≠SUBWFB m,d	C	Z	dest ← ACC + ~[m] + C, subtract with carry
0	1	0	0	1	1	d	m							ADC/ADCM A,[''m'']	ADDWFC m,d	C	Z	dest ← ACC + [m] + C, add with carry
0	1	0	1	0	0	d	m							INCA/INC [''m'']	INCF m,d		Z	dest ← [m] + 1
0	1	0	1	0	1	d	m							DECA/DEC [''m'']	DECF m,d		Z	dest ← [m] − 1
0	1	0	1	1	0	d	m							SIZA/SIZ [''m'']	INCFSZ m,d			dest ← [m] + 1, then skip if zero
0	1	0	1	1	1	d	m							SDZA/SDZ [''m'']	DECFSZ m,d			dest ← [m] − 1, then skip if zero
0	1	1	0	0	0	d	m							RLA/RL [''m'']	bgcolor=lightgrey	—			dest ← [m] << 1 [m] >> 7, rotate left 1 bit
0	1	1	0	0	1	d	m							RRA/RR [''m'']	bgcolor=lightgrey	—			dest ← [m] << 7 [m] >> 1, rotate right 1 bit
0	1	1	0	1	0	d	m							RLCA/RLC [''m'']	RLF m,d	C		dest ← [m] << 1 C, rotate left through carry
0	1	1	0	1	1	d	m							RRCA/RRC [''m'']	RRF m,d	C		dest ← C << 7 [m] >> 1, rotate right through carry

0	1	1	1	opcode			address							Special operations: [m] ← special^*
0	1	1	1	0	0	0	m							ITABRD [''m'']^†	bgcolor=lightgrey	—			TBLH:[m] ← ROM[TBHP:++TBLP], with pre-increment
0	1	1	1	0	0	1	m							ITABRDL [''m'']^†	bgcolor=lightgrey	—			TBLH:[m] ← ROM[0xff:++TBLP], with pre-increment
0	1	1	1	0	1	0	m							TABRD [''m'']	bgcolor=lightgrey	—			TBLH:[m] ← ROM[TBHP:TBLP], table lookup
0	1	1	1	0	1	1	m							TABRDL [''m'']	bgcolor=lightgrey	—			TBLH:[m] ← ROM[0xff:TBLP], read from last page of ROM
0	1	1	1	1	0	0	m							SNZ [''m'']^†	bgcolor=lightgrey	—			[m] ← [m], skip next instruction if non-zero
0	1	1	1	1	0	1	m							DAA [''m'']	bgcolor=lightgrey	—	C		[m] ← DAA(ACC), decimal adjust after BCD addition
0	1	1	1	1	1	0	m							CLR [''m'']	bgcolor=lightgrey align=left	≈CLRF m			[m] ← 0
0	1	1	1	1	1	1	m							SET [''m'']	bgcolor=lightgrey	—			[m] ← 255

1	0	c	k											Control transfers
1	0	0	k											CALL k	CALL k			Call subroutine
1	0	1	k											JMP k	GOTO k			Jump to address k

1	1	opc		bit			address							Bit operations^*
1	1	0	0	bit			m							SET [''m''].b	BSF m,b			Set bit b of [m]
1	1	0	1	bit			m							CLR [''m''].b	BCF m,b			Clear bit b of [m]
1	1	1	0	bit			m							SNZ [''m''].b	BTFSS m,b			Skip if bit b of [m] is set
1	1	1	1	bit			m							SZ [''m''].b	BTFSC m,b			Skip if bit b of [m] is clear

1 3	1 2	1 1	1 0	9	8	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0	Mnemonic	PIC equivalent	C ?	Z ?	Description

*: Instructions available in long forms on 16-bit models with extended instruction set.
†: Instruction only available on 16-bit models with extended instruction set.

Padauk microcontrollers (13, 14, 15 or 16 bit)

Padauk Technology make a series of PIC-like microcontrollers notable for their extremely low cost, beginning at in quantity,^[6] with many models costing less than .^[7] ^[8] ^[9]

Although clearly derived from the Microchip PIC12 series,^[7] ^[10] there are some significant differences:

They do not use the FSR/INDF mechanism for performing indirect memory access, instead having indirect load and store instructions which use an arbitrary RAM location as a pointer;
they use a RAM-based call stack, with a stack pointer register;
the carry flag uses a "borrow bit" convention for subtracts, rather than the "carry bit" convention used by Microchip;
they also include a signed overflow flag, which like the digit carry, is set by add, subtract and compare instructions (every instruction which sets the carry flag except for shift instructions);
they have separate RAM and I/O register addresses spaces (64 and 32 bytes, respectively, in the 13-bit instruction set);
bit operations are limited to the I/O space and first 16 RAM addresses;
the single-operand instructions with a memory source and accumulator destination are omitted;
single-operand instructions with accumulator source and destination are provided;
subtraction operations compute destination − source, exchanging input operands depending on the destination;
they operate faster, requiring 1 cycle for most instructions and 2 cycles for control transfers; and
some models support temporal multithreading, having multiple execution contexts whose execution is interleaved.


1 1	1 0	9	8	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0	Mnemonic	PIC equivalent	C ?	Z ?	Description

0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	opcode				Miscellaneous instructions
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	NOP	NOP			No operation
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	(reserved)
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	x	(reserved)
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	x	(reserved)
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	LDSPTL	bgcolor=lightgrey	—			align=left rowspan=2	A ← ROM[<nowiki/>[SP]], load low/high byte of ROM word using 16-bit pointer on top of stack
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	LDSPTH	bgcolor=lightgrey	—
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	—			(reserved)

0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	opcode				One-operand instructions on accumulator Same as one-operand instructions on memory (below) except
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	1	1	PCADD A	bgcolor=lightgrey align=left	≈ADDWF PCL,1			PC ← PC + A, add to program counter (not)
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	SWAP A	bgcolor=lightgrey	—			A ← A<<4	A>>4, swap nibbles (not)

0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	—				(reserved)
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	opcode				System control instructions
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	WDRESET	CLRWDT			Restart watchdog timer
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	(reserved)
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	0	PUSHAF	bgcolor=lightgrey	—			Push A then flags on top of stack
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	1	POPAF	bgcolor=lightgrey	—	C	Z	Pop flags then A from top of stack
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	(reserved)
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	1	0	1	RESET	RESET			Software reset
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	1	1	0	STOPSYS	SLEEP			Go into standby mode (clock stopped)
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	1	1	1	STOPEXE	bgcolor=lightgrey	—			Go into standby mode (clock running)
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	ENGINT	BSF INTCON,GIE			Enable interrupts
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	DISGINT	BCF INTCON,GIE			Disable interrupts
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	0	RET	RETURN			Return from subroutine, A unmodified
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	RETI	RETFIE			Return from interrupt
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	MUL	bgcolor=lightgrey	—			MULRH:A ← A × MULOP (not all models)
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	1	(reserved)
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	x	(reserved)

0	0	0	0	0	opcode			ioaddr					Byte-wide I/O operations
0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	ioaddr					XOR ioaddr,A	bgcolor=lightgrey	—			IO[ioaddr] ← A ^ IO[address]
0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	ioaddr					MOV ioaddr,A	bgcolor=lightgrey	—			IO[ioaddr] ← A
0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	ioaddr					MOV A,ioaddr	bgcolor=lightgrey	—		Z	A ← IO[ioaddr]

0	0	0	0	0	1	1	c	address				c	16-bit operations (RAM address limited, even)
0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	address				0	STT16 addr	bgcolor=lightgrey	—			Timer16 ← [address]
0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	address				1	LDT16 addr	bgcolor=lightgrey	—			[address] ← Timer16
0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	address				0	IDXM addr,A	bgcolor=lightgrey	—			[<nowiki/>[address]] ← A, indirect memory address
0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	address				1	IDXM A,addr	bgcolor=lightgrey	—			A ← [<nowiki/>[address]], indirect memory address

0	0	0	0	1	k								Return literal constant
0	0	0	0	1	k								RET k	RETLW k			A ← k, then return from subroutine

0	0	0	1	c	bit			c	address				Bit operations with RAM (first 16 bytes only)
0	0	0	1	0	bit			0	address				T0SN addr.b	BTFSC addr,b			Skip if bit b of [''addr''] is clear
0	0	0	1	0	bit			1	address				T1SN addr.b	BTFSS addr,b			Skip if bit b of [''addr''] is set
0	0	0	1	1	bit			0	address				SET0 addr.b	BCF addr,b			Clear bit b of [''addr'']
0	0	0	1	1	bit			1	address				SET1 addr.b	BSF addr,b			Set bit b of [''addr'']

0	0	1	d	opcode			address						ALU operations between A and memory
0	0	1	0	0	0	0	address						ADD addr,A	ADDWF addr,1	C	Z	[''addr''] ← [''addr''] + A
0	0	1	0	0	0	1	address						SUB addr,A	SUBWF addr,1	C	Z	[''addr''] ← [''addr''] − A
0	0	1	0	0	1	0	address						ADDC addr,A	aligh=left	ADDWFC addr,1	C	Z	[''addr''] ← [''addr''] + A + C
0	0	1	0	0	1	1	address						SUBC addr,A	bgcolor=lightgrey align=left	≈SUBWFB addr,1	C	Z	[''addr''] ← [''addr''] − A − C
0	0	1	0	1	0	0	address						AND addr,A	ANDWF addr,1		Z	[''addr''] ← [''addr''] & A, logical and
0	0	1	0	1	0	1	address						OR addr,A	IORWF addr,1		Z	[''addr''] ← [''addr''] A, logical inclusive or
0	0	1	0	1	1	0	address						XOR addr,A	XORWF addr,1		Z	[''addr''] ← [''addr''] ^ A, logical exclusive or
0	0	1	0	1	1	1	address						MOV addr,A	MOVWF addr			[''addr''] ← A
0	0	1	1	0	0	0	address						ADD A,addr	ADDWF addr,0	C	Z	A ← A + [''addr'']
0	0	1	1	0	0	1	address						SUB A,addr	bgcolor=lightgrey align=left	≠SUBWF addr,0	C	Z	A ← A − [''addr'']
0	0	1	1	0	1	0	address						ADDC A,addr	aligh=left	ADDWFC addr,0	C	Z	A ← A + [''addr''] + C
0	0	1	1	0	1	1	address						SUBC A,addr	bgcolor=lightgrey align=left	≠SUBWFB addr,0	C	Z	A ← A − [''addr''] − C
0	0	1	1	1	0	0	address						AND A,addr	ANDWF addr,0		Z	A ← [A] & [''addr''], logical and
0	0	1	1	1	0	1	address						OR A,addr	IORWF addr,0		Z	A ← A [''addr''], logical inclusive or
0	0	1	1	1	1	0	address						XOR A,addr	XORWF addr,0		Z	A ← A ^ [''addr''], logical exclusive or
0	0	1	1	1	1	1	address						MOV A,addr	MOVF addr,0		Z	A ← [''addr'']

0	1	0	opcode				address						One-operand operations on memory
0	1	0	0	0	0	0	address						ADDC addr	bgcolor=lightgrey	—	C	Z	[''addr''] ← [''addr''] + C
0	1	0	0	0	0	1	address						SUBC addr	bgcolor=lightgrey	—	C	Z	[''addr''] ← [''addr''] − C
0	1	0	0	0	1	0	address						IZSN addr	INCFSZ addr,1	C	Z	[''addr''] ← [''addr''] + 1, then skip if zero
0	1	0	0	0	1	1	address						DZSN addr	DECFSZ addr,1	C	Z	[''addr''] ← [''addr''] − 1, then skip if zero
0	1	0	0	1	0	0	address						INC addr	INCF addr,1	C	Z	[''addr''] ← [''addr''] + 1
0	1	0	0	1	0	1	address						DEC addr	DECF addr,1	C	Z	[''addr''] ← [''addr''] − 1
0	1	0	0	1	1	0	address						CLEAR addr	bgcolor=lightgrey align=left	≈CLRF addr			[''addr''] ← 0
0	1	0	0	1	1	1	address						XCH addr	bgcolor=lightgrey	—			A ← [''addr''], [''addr''] ← A
0	1	0	1	0	0	0	address						NOT addr	COMF addr,1		Z	[''addr''] ← ~[''addr''], bitwise complement
0	1	0	1	0	0	1	address						NEG addr	bgcolor=lightgrey	—		Z	[''addr''] ← −[''addr''], negate
0	1	0	1	0	1	0	address						SR addr	bgcolor=lightgrey align=left	≈LSRF addr,1	C		[''addr''] ← [''addr''] >> 1, logical shift right
0	1	0	1	0	1	1	address						SL addr	bgcolor=lightgrey align=left	≈LSLF addr,1	C		[''addr''] ← [''addr''] << 1, shift left
0	1	0	1	1	0	0	address						SRC addr	RRF addr,1	C		[''addr''] ← C << 7 [''addr''] >> 1, rotate right through carry
0	1	0	1	1	0	1	address						SLC addr	RLF addr,1	C		[''addr''] ← [''addr''] << 1 C, rotate left through carry
0	1	0	1	1	1	0	address						CEQSN addr	bgcolor=lightgrey	—	C	Z	Compute A − [''addr''], then skip if zero
0	1	0	1	1	1	1	address						align=left colspan=5	(reserved for CNEQSN)

0	1	1	opc		bit			address					Bit operations with I/O
0	1	1	0	0	bit			address					T0SN ioaddr.b	BTFSC ioaddr,b			Skip if bit b of [''ioaddr''] is clear
0	1	1	0	1	bit			address					T1SN ioaddr.b	BTFSS ioaddr,b			Skip if bit b of [''ioaddr''] is set
0	1	1	1	0	bit			address					SET0 ioaddr.b	BCF ioaddr,b			Clear bit b of [''ioaddr'']
0	1	1	1	1	bit			address					SET1 ioaddr.b	BSF ioaddr,b			Set bit b of [''ioaddr'']

1	0	opcode			literal								Literal operations: A ← OP(A,k)
1	0	0	0	0	k								ADD A,k	ADDLW k	C	Z	A ← A + k
1	0	0	0	1	k								SUB A,k	bgcolor=lightgrey align=left	≠SUBLW k	C	Z	A ← A − k
1	0	0	1	0	k								CEQSN A,k	bgcolor=lightgrey	—	C	Z	Compute A − k, then skip if zero
1	0	0	1	1	k								align=left colspan=5	(reserved for CNEQSN)
1	0	1	0	0	k								AND A,k	bgcolor=lightgrey align=left	≈ANDLW k		Z	A ← A & k
1	0	1	0	1	k								OR A,k	bgcolor=lightgrey align=left	≈IORLW k		Z	A ← A k
1	0	1	1	0	k								XOR A,k	bgcolor=lightgrey align=left	≈XORLW k		Z	A ← A ^ k
1	0	1	1	1	k								MOV A,k	MOVLW k			A ← k

1	1	c	k										Control transfers: PC ← k
1	1	0	k										GOTO k	GOTO k			PC ← k
1	1	1	k										CALL k	CALL k			Push PC, then PC ← k

1 2	1 1	1 0	9	8	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0	Mnemonic	PIC equivalent	C ?	Z ?	Description

The 14-, 15- and 16-bit instruction sets primarily differ in having wider address fields, although some encoding changes are made to allow a few additional instructions (such as, which performs a compare and skip if not equal.)


1 2	1 1	1 0	9	8	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0	Mnemonic	PIC equivalent	C ?	Z ?	Description

0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	opcode				Miscellaneous instructions same as 13-bit
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	—				(reserved)
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	—					(reserved)
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	—					(reserved)
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	opcode				One-operand instructions on A same as 13-bit
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	opcode				System control instructions same as 13-bit
0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	—						(reserved)

0	0	0	0	0	opcode			address						Byte-wide I/O operations same as 13-bit, but opcodes changed
0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	ioaddr						XOR ioaddr,A	bgcolor=lightgrey	—			IO[ioaddr] ← A ^ IO[address]
0	0	0	0	0	1	0	—							(reserved)
0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	ioaddr						MOV ioaddr,A	bgcolor=lightgrey	—			IO[ioaddr] ← A
0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	ioaddr						MOV A,ioaddr	bgcolor=lightgrey	—		Z	A ← IO[ioaddr]

0	0	0	0	1	0	k								Return literal constant same as 13-bit
0	0	0	0	1	1	c	address						c	16-bit operations same as 13-bit, but 128-byte range

0	0	0	1	0	bit			address						Copy bit to I/O
0	0	0	1	0	bit			address						SWAPC ioaddr.b	bgcolor=lightgrey	—	C		Swap carry with [''ioaddr''] bit b

0	0	0	1	1	c	d	address							Additional 2-operand operations
0	0	0	1	1	0	0	address							COMP A,addr	bgcolor=lightgrey	—	C	Z	A − [''addr''], flags set, result discarded
0	0	0	1	1	0	1	address							COMP addr,A	bgcolor=lightgrey	—	C	Z	[''addr''] − A, flags set, result discarded
0	0	0	1	1	1	0	address							NADD A,addr	SUBWF addr,0	C	Z	A ← [''addr''] + −A (A ← [''addr''] + ~A + 1)
0	0	0	1	1	1	1	address							NADD addr,A	bgcolor=lightgrey	—	C	Z	[''addr''] ← A + −[''addr''] ([''addr''] ← A + ~[''addr''] + 1)

0	0	1	d	opcode			address							2-operand instructions same as 13-bit

0	1	0	opcode				address							One-operand operations on memory same as 13-bit, plus CNEQSN
0	1	0	1	1	1	1	address							CNEQSN addr	bgcolor=lightgrey	—	C	Z	Compute A − [''addr''], then skip if non-zero

0	1	1	opc		bit			ioaddr						Bit operations with I/O same as 13-bit, but 64-byte range
1	0	0	opc		bit			address						Bit operations with memory same as 13-bit, but 64-byte range

1	0	1	opcode			literal								Literal operations same as 13-bit, plus CNEQSN
1	0	1	0	1	1	k								CNEQSN A,k	bgcolor=lightgrey	—	C	Z	Compute A − k, then skip if non-zero

1	1	c	k											Control transfers same as 13-bit

1 13	1 2	1 1	1 0	9	8	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0	Mnemonic	PIC equivalent	C ?	Z ?	Description

PIC18 high end core devices (16 bit)

In 2000, Microchip introduced the PIC18 architecture.http://mdubuc.freeshell.org/Sdcc/ Unlike the 17 series, it has proven to be very popular, with a large number of device variants presently in manufacture. In contrast to earlier devices, which were more often than not programmed in assembly, C has become the predominant development language.^[11]

The PIC18 has a 12-bit RAM address space, divided into 16 pages of 256 bytes. The 8-bit f field determines the address in combination with the a bit and the 4-bit bank select register (BSR). If a=0, the BSR is ignored and the f field is sign-extended to the range 0x000 - 0x07F (global RAM) or 0xF80 - 0xFFF (special function registers). If a=1, the f field is extended with the BSR to generate the 12-bit address.

The PIC18 extends the FSR/INDF mechanism used in previous PICmicro processors for indirect addressing in two ways:

First, it provides three file select registers. The FSR''n'' registers are 12 bits long (each split into two 8-bit portions FSR0L through FSR2H), and access to the corresponding INDF''n'' register (INDF0 through INDF2) acts as an alias for the addressed byte.

Second, there are addressing modes. For each of the three, there is not just one INDF''n'' register, but five, and the one used determines the addressing mode:

INDF''n'': Access the byte at location FSR''n''
POSTDEC''n'': Access the byte at FSR''n'', then decrement FSR''n''
POSTINC''n'': Access the byte at FSR''n'', then increment FSR''n''
PREINC''n'': Increment FSR''n'', then access the byte at the incremented FSR''n''
PLUSW''n'': Access the byte at FSR''n'' + W (indexed addressing).

There are also instructions to directly load an FSR pair with a 12-bit address, and a MOVFF instruction that moves a byte between two 12-bit addresses.

PIC18 16-bit instruction set
1 5	1 4	1 3	1 2	1 1	1 0	9	8	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0	Mnemonic	C ?	Z ?	N ?	Description

0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	opcode								Miscellaneous instructions
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	NOP				No operation
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	SLEEP				Go into standby mode
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	CLRWDT				Restart watchdog timer
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	PUSH				Push PC on top of stack
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	POP				Pop (and discard) top of stack
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	DAW	C			Decimal adjust W
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	TBLRD∗				Table read: TABLAT ← mem[TBLPTR]
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	TBLRD∗+				Table read with postincrement
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	TBLRD∗−				Table read with postdecrement
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	1	TBLRD+∗				Table read with pre-increment
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	mod		TBLWR				Table write, same modes as TBLRD
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	s	RETFIE [, FAST]				Return from interrupt
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	s	RETURN [, FAST]				Return from subroutine
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	CALLW^*				Push PC, jump to PCLATU:PCLATH:W
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	RESET	0	0	0	Software reset

0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	- 0 -	k				MOVLB				Move literal k to bank select register
0	0	0	0	1	opcode			literal								Literal operations: W ← OP(k,W)
0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	k								SUBLW k				W ← k − W
0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	k								IORLW k				W ← k W, logical inclusive or
0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	k								XORLW k				W ← k ^ W, exclusive or
0	0	0	0	1	0	1	1	k								ANDLW k				W ← k & W, logical and
0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	k								RETLW k				RETURN W ← k
0	0	0	0	1	1	0	1	k								MULLW k				W ← k × W
0	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	k								MOVLW k				W ← k
0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	k								ADDLW k				W ← k + W

0	opcode					d	a	register								ALU operations: dest ← OP(f,W)
0	0	0	0	0	0	1	a	f								MULWF f,a				PRODH:PRODL ← W × f (unsigned)
0	0	0	0	0	1	d	a	f								DECF f,d,a	C	Z	N	dest ← f − 1
0	0	0	1	0	0	d	a	f								IORWF f,d,a		Z	N	dest ← f W, logical inclusive or
0	0	0	1	0	1	d	a	f								ANDWF f,d,a		Z	N	dest ← f & W, logical and
0	0	0	1	1	0	d	a	f								XORWF f,d,a		Z	N	dest ← f ^ W, exclusive or
0	0	0	1	1	1	d	a	f								COMF f,d,a		Z	N	dest ← ~f, bitwise complement
0	0	1	0	0	0	d	a	f								ADDWFC f,d,a	C	Z	N	dest ← f + W + C
0	0	1	0	0	1	d	a	f								ADDWF f,d,a	C	Z	N	dest ← f + W
0	0	1	0	1	0	d	a	f								INCF f,d,a	C	Z	N	dest ← f + 1
0	0	1	0	1	1	d	a	f								DECFSZ f,d,a				dest ← f − 1, skip if 0
0	0	1	1	0	0	d	a	f								RRCF f,d,a	C	Z	N	dest ← f>>1 C<<7, rotate right through carry
0	0	1	1	0	1	d	a	f								RLCF f,d,a	C	Z	N	dest ← f<<1 C, rotate left through carry
0	0	1	1	1	0	d	a	f								SWAPF f,d,a				dest ← f<<4 f>>4, swap nibbles
0	0	1	1	1	1	d	a	f								INCFSZ f,d,a				dest ← f + 1, skip if 0
0	1	0	0	0	0	d	a	f								RRNCF f,d,a		Z	N	dest ← f>>1 f<<7, rotate right (no carry)
0	1	0	0	0	1	d	a	f								RLNCF f,d,a		Z	N	dest ← f<<1 f>>7, rotate left (no carry)
0	1	0	0	1	0	d	a	f								INFSNZ f,d,a				dest ← f + 1, skip if not 0
0	1	0	0	1	1	d	a	f								DCFSNZ f,d,a				dest ← f − 1, skip if not 0
0	1	0	1	0	0	d	a	f								MOVF f,d,a		Z	N	dest ← f
0	1	0	1	0	1	d	a	f								SUBFWB f,d,a	C	Z	N	dest ← W + ~f + C (dest ← W − f − C̅)
0	1	0	1	1	0	d	a	f								SUBWFB f,d,a	C	Z	N	dest ← f + ~W + C (dest ← f − W − C̅)
0	1	0	1	1	1	d	a	f								SUBWF f,d,a	C	Z	N	dest ← f − W (dest ← f + ~W + 1)

0	1	1	0	opcode			a	register								ALU operations, do not write to W
0	1	1	0	0	0	0	a	f								CPFSLT f,a				skip if f < W (unsigned)
0	1	1	0	0	0	1	a	f								CPFSEQ f,a				skip if f W
0	1	1	0	0	1	0	a	f								CPFSGT f,a				skip if f > W (unsigned)
0	1	1	0	0	1	1	a	f								TSTFSZ f,a				skip if f 0
0	1	1	0	1	0	0	a	f								SETF f,a				f ← 0xFF
0	1	1	0	1	0	1	a	f								CLRF f,a		1		f ← 0, PSR.Z ← 1
0	1	1	0	1	1	0	a	f								NEGF f,a	C	Z	N	f ← −f
0	1	1	0	1	1	1	a	f								MOVWF f,a				f ← W

0	1	1	1	bit			a	f								BTG f,b,a				Toggle bit b of f
1	0	opc		bit			a	register								Bit operations
1	0	0	0	bit			a	f								BSF f,b,a				Set bit b of f
1	0	0	1	bit			a	f								BCF f,b,a				Clear bit b of f
1	0	1	0	bit			a	f								BTFSS f,b,a				Skip if bit b of f is set
1	0	1	1	bit			a	f								BTFSC f,b,a				Skip if bit b of f is clear

1	1	0	opc		address												Large-address operations
1	1	0	0	source												MOVFF s,d				Move absolute
1	1	1	1	destination												MOVFF s,d				Move absolute
1	1	0	1	0	n											BRA n				Branch to PC + 2n
1	1	0	1	1	n											RCALL n				Subroutine call to PC + 2n

1	1	1	0	0	cond			n								Conditional branch (to PC+2n)
1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	n								BZ n				Branch if PSR.Z is set
1	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	n								BNZ n				Branch if PSR.Z is clear
1	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	n								BC n				Branch if PSR.C is set
1	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	n								BNC n				Branch if PSR.C is clear
1	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	n								BOV n				Branch if PSR.V is set
1	1	1	0	0	1	0	1	n								BNOV n				Branch if PSR.V is clear
1	1	1	0	0	1	1	0	n								BN n				Branch if PSR.N is set
1	1	1	0	0	1	1	1	n								BNN n				Branch if PSR.N is clear

1	1	1	0	1	0	opc		k								Extensions for using FSR2 as software stack pointer^*
1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	n		k						ADDFSR n,k^*				FSRn += k
1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	k						ADDULNK k^*				FSR2 += k, pop PC
1	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	n		k						SUBFSR n,k^*				FSRn −= k
1	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	1	1	k						SUBULNK k^*				FSR2 −= k, pop PC
1	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	k								PUSHL k^*				[FSR2] ← k, decrement FSR2
1	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	s							MOVSF src,f^*				f ← FSR2[s]
1	1	1	1	f
1	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	1	s							MOVSS src,dst^*				FSR2[d] ← FSR2[s]
1	1	1	1	—0—	d

1	1	1	0	1	1	opc		k								2-word instructions
1	1	1	0	1	1	0	s	k (lsbits)								CALL k[, FAST]				Call subroutine (20-bit address)
1	1	1	1	k (msbits)												CALL k[, FAST]				Call subroutine (20-bit address)
1	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	f		k (msb)				LFSR f,k				Move 12-bit literal to FSRf
1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	k (lsbits)								LFSR f,k				Move 12-bit literal to FSRf
1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	k (lsbits)								GOTO k				Absolute jump, PC ← k (20-bit address)
1	1	1	1	k (msbits)												GOTO k				Absolute jump, PC ← k (20-bit address)

1	1	1	1	k												No operation, second word of 2-word instructions

1 5	1 4	1 3	1 2	1 1	1 0	9	8	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0	Mnemonic	C ?	Z ?	N ?	Description

*: These extended instructions are only available on some models, and then only if the XINST configuration bit is set.

PIC24 and dsPIC 16-bit microcontrollers

In 2001, Microchip introduced the dsPIC series of chips,^[12] which entered mass production in late 2004. They are Microchip's first inherently 16-bit microcontrollers. PIC24 devices are designed as general purpose microcontrollers. dsPIC devices include digital signal processing capabilities in addition.

Instructions come in two main varieties. One is like the classic one-operand PIC instructions, with an operation between W0 and a value in a specified f register (i.e. the first 8K of RAM), and a destination select bit selecting which is updated with the result. The W registers are memory-mapped, so the f operand may specify a W register.

The other form, new to the PIC24, specifies three W register operands, two of which allow a 3-bit addressing mode specification:

PIC24 addressing modes
source operand			destination operand			Description
ppp	Reg	Syntax	qqq	Reg	Syntax	Description
000	ssss	Ws	000	dddd	Wd	Register direct
001	ssss	[W''s'']	001	dddd	[W''d'']	Indirect
010	ssss	[W''s''−−]	010	dddd	[W''d''−−]	Indirect with postdecrement
011	ssss	[W''s''++]	011	dddd	[W''d''++]	Indirect with postincrement
100	ssss	[−−W''s'']	100	dddd	[−−W''d'']	Indirect with predecrement
101	ssss	[++W''s'']	101	dddd	[++W''d'']	Indirect with preincrement
11k	kkkk	u5	(Unused, illegal)	5-bit unsigned immediate
11x	ssss	[W''s''+W''w'']	11x	dddd	[W''d''+W''w'']	Indirect with register offset

The register offset addressing mode is only available for the MOV ''src'',''dst'' instruction, where the Ww register may be used as a register offset for the source, destination, or both. All other instructions use this encoding for an unsigned 5-bit immediate source instead.

For the operands to TBLRD and TBLWT which access program memory, only the indirect modes are allowed, and refer to addresses in code memory.

A few instructions are 2 words long. The second word is a NOP, which includes up to 16 bits of additional immediate operand.

PIC24 24-bit instruction set
2 3	2 2	2 1	2 0	1 9	1 8	1 7	1 6	1 5	1 4	1 3	1 2	1 1	1 0	9	8	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0	Mnemonic	C ?	Z ?	N ?	Description	-	23–20	19–16	15–12	11–8	7–4	3–0	Mnemonic	C ?	Z ?	N ?	Description-->

0	0	0	0	opcode				offset																Control transfers
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	—																NOP				No operation
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	- 0 -	n<22:16>							CALL/GOTO addr23				(second word)
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	n																DO #k,addr				(second word)

0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	opc		—0—									a				Computed control transfer (to 16-bit Wa)
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	—0—	a				CALL Ra				Push PC, jump to Wa
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	—0—	a				RCALL Ra				Push PC, jump to PC+2×Wa
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	—0—	a				GOTO Ra				Jump to Wa
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	1	—0—	a				BRA Ra				Jump to PC+2×Wa

0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	n<15:1>															0	CALL addr23				Push PC, jump to absolute address
—0—								—0—	n<22:16>															CALL addr23				Push PC, jump to absolute address
0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	—																(Reserved)
0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	n															0	GOTO addr23				Jump to absolute address
—0—								—0—	n<22:16>															GOTO addr23				Jump to absolute address
0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	B	k										d				RETLW[.B] #k,Wd				Wd = k, pop PC
0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	—0—	RETURN				pop PC
0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	—0—	RETFIE	C	Z	N	pop SR, PC
0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	n																RCALL address				Push PC, PC += 2×s16
0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	k														DO #k,addr				Zero-overhead loop: k+1 is repeat count, PC+2×n last instruction
—0—								n																DO #k,addr
0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	k														REPEAT #k				Repeat next instruction k+1 times
0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	n																RCALL address				Push PC, PC += 2×s16
0	0	0	0	1	0	1	—																	(Reserved)
0	0	0	0	1	1	0	a	n																BRA Oa, addr				If accumulator an overflowed/saturated, PC += 2×simm16
0	0	0	0	1	1	1	a	n																BRA Sa, addr

0	opcode				w				B	q			d				p			s				Reverse subtract: dest ← source − Ww
0	0	0	1	0	w				B	q			d				p			s				SUBR[.B] Ww,src,dst	C	Z	N	dst ← src − Ww = src + ~Ww + 1)
0	0	0	1	1	w				B	q			d				p			s				SUBBR[.B] Ww,src,dst	C	Z	N	dst ← src − Ww − C̅ = src + ~Ww + C
0	0	1	0	k																d				MOV #k,Wd				Wd ← #imm16

0	0	1	1	cond				n																Conditional branch to PC+2×n
0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	n																BRA OV,addr				...if PSR.V is set
0	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	n																BRA C,addr				...if PSR.C is set
0	0	1	1	0	0	1	0	n																BRA Z,addr				...if PSR.Z is set
0	0	1	1	0	0	1	1	n																BRA N,addr				...if PSR.N is set
0	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	n																BRA LE,addr				...if PSR.Z, or PSR.N ≠ PSR.V
0	0	1	1	0	1	0	1	n																BRA LT,addr				...if PSR.N ≠ PSR.V
0	0	1	1	0	1	1	0	n																BRA LEU,addr				...if PSR.Z is set, or PSR.C is clear
0	0	1	1	0	1	1	1	n																BRA addr				...unconditionally
0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	n																BRA NOV,addr				...if PSR.V is clear
0	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	n																BRA NC,addr				...if PSR.C is clear
0	0	1	1	1	0	1	0	n																BRA NZ,addr				...if PSR.Z is clear
0	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	n																BRA NN,addr				...if PSR.N is clear
0	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	n																BRA GT,addr				...if PSR.Z is clear, and PSR.N = PSR.V
0	0	1	1	1	1	0	1	n																BRA GE,addr				...if PSR.N = PSR.V
0	0	1	1	1	1	1	0	n																BRA GTU,addr				...if PSR.Z is clear, and PSR.C is set
0	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	n																(Reserved)

0	opcode				w				B	q			d				p			s				ALU operations: dest ← OP(Ww,source)
0	1	0	0	0	w				B	q			d				p			s				ADD[.B] Ww,src,dst	C	Z	N	dst ← Ww + src
0	1	0	0	1	w				B	q			d				p			s				ADDC[.B] Ww,src,dst	C	Z	N	dst ← Ww + src + C
0	1	0	1	0	w				B	q			d				p			s				SUB[.B] Ww,src,dst	C	Z	N	dst ← Ww − src
0	1	0	1	1	w				B	q			d				p			s				SUBB[.B] Ww,src,dst	C	Z	N	dst ← Ww − ~src − C̅ = Ww + ~src + C
0	1	1	0	0	w				B	q			d				p			s				AND[.B] Ww,src,dst		Z	N	dst ← Ww & src
0	1	1	0	1	w				B	q			d				p			s				XOR[.B] Ww,src,dst		Z	N	dst ← Ww ^ src
0	1	1	1	0	w				B	q			d				p			s				IOR[.B] Ww,src,dst		Z	N	dst ← Ww src
0	1	1	1	1	w				B	q			d				p			s				MOV[.B] src,dst		Z	N	dst ← src (offset mode allowed)

1	0	0	0	0	f															d				MOV f,Wd				Wd ← f
1	0	0	0	1	f															s				MOV Ws,f				f ← Ws
1	0	0	1	0	k				B	k			d				k			s				MOV[.B] [W''s''+''s10''],Wd				Load with 10-bit offset
1	0	0	1	1	k				B	k			d				k			s				MOV[.B] Ws,[''Wd''+''s10'']				Store with 10-bit offset

1	0	1	0	0	opcode			b				Z	B	—0—			p			s				Bit operations on source
1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	b				0	B	—0—	p			s				BSET[.B] #b,src				Set bit b of src
1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	b				0	B	—0—	p			s				BCLR[.B] #b,src				Clear bit b of src
1	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	b				0	B	—0—	p			s				BTG[.B] #b,src				Toggle bit b of src
1	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	b				0	0	—0—	p			s				BTST.C #b,src	C			Set PSR.C = bit b of src
1	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	b				1	0	—0—	p			s				BTST.Z #b,src		Z		Set PSR.Z =
1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	b				Z	0	—0—	p			s				BTSTS.z #b,src	C/Z			Test bit b of src (into C or Z), then set
1	0	1	0	0	1	0	1	Z	w				0	—0—	p			s				BTST.z Ww,src	C/Z			Test bit Ww of src
1	0	1	0	0	1	1	0	b				0	0	—0—	p			s				BTSS #b,src				Test bit, skip if set
1	0	1	0	0	1	1	1	b				0	0	—0—	p			s				BTS #b,src				Test bit, skip if clear

1	0	1	0	1	opcode			b			f													Bit operations on f
1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	b			f												b	BSET[.B] f,#b				Set bit b of f
1	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	b			f													BCLR.B f,#b				Clear bit b of f
1	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	b			f													BTG.B f,#b				Toggle bit b of f
1	0	1	0	1	0	1	1	b			f													BTST.B f,#b		Z		Test bit b of f
1	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	b			f													BTSTS.B f,#b		Z		Test bit b of f, then set
1	0	1	0	1	1	0	1	Z	w				0	—0—	p			s				BSW.z src,Ww				Copy PSW.C or to bit Ww of src
1	0	1	0	1	1	1	0	b			f													BTSS f,#b				Test bit, skip if set
1	0	1	0	1	1	1	1	b			f													BTSC f,#b				Test bit, skip if clear

1	0	1	1	0	0	opcode			B	k										d				Register-immediate operations: Wd ← OP(Wd,k)
1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	B	k										d				ADD[.B] #u10,Wd	C	Z	N	Wd ← Wd + k
1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	B	k										d				ADC[.B] #u10,Wd	C	Z	N	Wd ← Wd + k + C
1	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	B	k										d				SUB[.B] #u10,Wd	C	Z	N	Wd ← Wd − k
1	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	B	k										d				SUBB[.B] #u10,Wd	C	Z	N	Wd ← Wd − k − C̅
1	0	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	B	k										d				AND[.B] #u10,Wd		Z	N	Wd ← Wd & k
1	0	1	1	0	0	1	0	1	B	k										d				XOR[.B] #u10,Wd		Z	N	Wd ← Wd ^ k
1	0	1	1	0	0	1	1	0	B	k										d				IOR[.B] #u10,Wd		Z	N	Wd ← Wd k
1	0	1	1	0	0	1	1	1	B	k										d				MOV[.B] #u10,Wd				Wd ← k

1	0	1	1	0	1	opcode			B	D	f													ALU operations: dest ← OP(f,W0)
1	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	B	D	f													ADD[.B] f[,WREG]	C	Z	N	dest ← f + W0
1	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	B	D	f													ADC[.B] f[,WREG]	C	Z	N	dest ← f + W0 + C
1	0	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	B	D	f													SUB[.B] f[,WREG]	C	Z	N	dest ← f − W0
1	0	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	B	D	f													SUBB[.B] f[,WREG]	C	Z	N	dest ← f − W0 + C̅
1	0	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	B	D	f													AND[.B] f[,WREG]		Z	N	dest ← f & W0
1	0	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	B	D	f													XOR[.B] f[,WREG]		Z	N	dest ← f ^ W0
1	0	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	B	D	f													IOR[.B] f[,WREG]		Z	N	dest ← f W0
1	0	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	B	1	f													MOV[.B] WREG,f				f ← W0

1	0	1	1	1	0	0	opc		w				d			0	p			s				16×16→32 multiplication
1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	w				d			0	p			s				MUL.UU Ww,src,Wd				Wd+1:Wd ← Ww × src (unsigned)
1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	w				d			0	p			s				MUL.US Ww,src,Wd				Wd+1:Wd ← Ww × src (src signed)
1	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	w				d			0	p			s				MUL.SU Ww,src,Wd				Wd+1:Wd ← Ww × src (Ww signed)
1	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	w				d			0	p			s				MUL.SS Ww,src,Wd				Wd+1:Wd ← Ww × src (signed)

1	0	1	1	1	0	1	opc		B	q			d				p			s				Program memory access (indirect modes only)
1	0	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	B	q			d				p			s				TBLRDL[.B] src,dst				dst ← ROM[TBLPAG:src] (bits 15:0)
1	0	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	B	q			d				p			s				TBLRDH[.B] src,dst				dst ← ROM[TBLPAG:src] (bits 23:16)
1	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	B	q			d				p			s				TBLWTL[.B] src,dst				ROM[TBLPAG:dst] ← src (bits 15:0)
1	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	B	q			d				p			s				TBLWTH[.B] src,dst				ROM[TBLPAG:dst] ← src (bits 23:16)

1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	B	0	f													MUL[.B] f				W3:W2 ← f × W0 (unsigned)
1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	B	1	—													(Reserved)
1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	—															(Reserved)
1	0	1	1	1	1	0	1	—																(Reserved)
1	0	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	—0—	d			0	p			s				MOV.D src,Wd				Load register pair
1	0	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	q			d				—0—	s			width=10pt	0	MOV.D Ws,dst				Store register pair
1	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	—																(Reserved)

1	1	0	0	0	m			A	S	x		y		i				j				a		DSP MAC (dsPIC only)

1	1	0	0	1																				Other DSP instructions (dsPIC only)
1	1	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	—0—	d				p			s				FF1R src,Wd	C			Find first one from right (lsb)
1	1	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	0	—0—	d				p			s				FF1L src,Wd	C			Find first one from left (msb)

1	1	0	1	0	0	opcode			B	q			d				p			s				Shift/rotate general operand
1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	B	q			d				p			s				SL[.B] src,dst	C	Z	N	dst ← src << 1, shift left (into carry)
1	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	B	q			d				p			s				LSR[.B] src,dst	C	Z	N	dst ← src >> 1, logical shift right
1	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	B	q			d				p			s				ASR[.B] src,dst	C	Z	N	dst ← src >> 1, arithmetic shift right
1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	B	q			d				p			s				RLNC[.B] src,dst		Z	N	dst ← src <<< 1, rotate left (no carry)
1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	1	B	q			d				p			s				RLC[.B] src,dst	C	Z	N	C:dst ← src:C << 1, rotate left through carry
1	1	0	1	0	0	1	1	0	B	q			d				p			s				RRNC[.B] src,dst		Z	N	dst ← src >>> 1, rotate right (no carry)
1	1	0	1	0	0	1	1	1	B	q			d				p			s				RRC[.B] src,dst	C	Z	N	dst:C ← C:src >> 1, rotate right through carry
1	1	0	1	0	1	opcode			B	D	f													Shift/rotate f
1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	B	D	f													SL[.B] f[,WREG]	C	Z	N	dest ← f << 1, shift left (into carry)
1	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	B	D	f													LSR[.B] f[,WREG]	C	Z	N	dest ← f >> 1, logical shift right
1	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	1	B	D	f													ASR[.B] f[,WREG]	C	Z	N	dest ← f >> 1, arithmetic shift right
1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	B	D	f													RLNC[.B] f[,WREG]		Z	N	dest ← f <<< 1, rotate left (no carry)
1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	1	B	D	f													RLC[.B] f[,WREG]	C	Z	N	C:dest ← f:C << 1, rotate left through carry
1	1	0	1	0	1	1	1	0	B	D	f													RRNC[.B] f[,WREG]		Z	N	dest ← f >>> 1, rotate right (no carry)
1	1	0	1	0	1	1	1	1	B	D	f													RRC[.B] f[,WREG]	C	Z	N	dest:C ← C:f >> 1, rotate right through carry

1	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	U	t				d				D	0	0	s				Divide step (prefix with REPEAT #17)
1	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	—0—	d				0	0	0	s				DIV.S Wd,Ws	C	Z	N	W0 ← Wd/Ws, W1 ← remainder
1	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	t				d				1	0	0	s				DIV.SD Wd,Ws	C	Z	N	W0 ← Wt:Wd/Ws, W1 ← remainder
1	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	—0—	d				0	0	0	s				DIV.U Wd,Ws	C	Z	N	W0 ← Wd/Ws, W1 ← remainder
1	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	t				d				1	0	0	s				DIV.UD Wd,Ws	C	Z	N	W0 ← Wt:Wd/Ws, W1 ← remainder
1	1	0	1	1	0	0	1	0	t				—0—	0	0	0	s				DIVF Wt,Ws	C	Z	N	W0 ← Wt:0/Ws, W1 ← remainder
1	1	0	1	1	0	0	1	1	—															(Reserved)
1	1	0	1	1	0	1	—																	(Reserved)

1	1	0	1	1	1	opcode			w				d				i	0	0	s				Shift/rotate multiple
1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	w				d				0	0	0	s				SL Ww,Ws,Wd		Z	N	Wd ← Ww << Ws
1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	w				d				1	0	0	k				SL Wv,#u4,Wd		Z	N	Wd ← Ww << k
1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	w				d				0	0	0	s				LSR Ww,Ws,Wd		Z	N	Wd ← Ww >> Ws, logical shift right
1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	w				d				1	0	0	k				LSR Wv,#u4,Wd		Z	N	Wd ← Ww >> k, logical shift right
1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	1	w				d				0	0	0	s				ASR Ww,Ws,Wd		Z	N	Wd ← Ww >> Ws, arithmetic shift right
1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	1	w				d				1	0	0	k				ASR Wv,#u4,Wd		Z	N	Wd ← Ww >> k, arithmetic shift right
1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	0	—0—	d				p			s				FBCL src,Wd	C			Find permissible arithmetic normalization shift

1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	—0—	B	0	0	0	p			s				CP0[.B] src	C	Z	N	Compare with zero, src − 0
1	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	w				B	0	0	0	p			s				CP[.B] Ww,src	C	Z	N	Compare, Ww − src (Ww + ~src + 1)
1	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	w				B	0	0	0	p			s				CPB[.B] Ww,src	C	Z	N	Compare with borrow, Ww − src − C̅ (Ww + ~src + C)
1	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	B	0	f													CP0[.B] f	C	Z	N	Compare with zero, f − 0
1	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	B	0	f													CP[.B] f	C	Z	N	Compare, f − W0
1	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	1	B	0	f													CPB[.B] f	C	Z	N	Compare with borrow, f − W0 − C̅ (f + ~W0 + C)
1	1	1	0	0	1	0	—																	(Reserved)

1	1	1	0	0	1	1	opc		w				B	—0—						s				Compare and skip
1	1	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	w				B	—0—	s				CPSGT[.B] Ww,Ws				...if Ww > Ws, signed
1	1	1	0	0	1	1	0	1	w				B	—0—	s				CPSLT[.B] Ww,Ws				...if Ww < Ws, signed
1	1	1	0	0	1	1	1	0	w				B	—0—	s				CPSNE[.B] Ww,Ws				...if Ww ≠ Ws
1	1	1	0	0	1	1	1	1	w				B	—0—	s				CPSNE[.B] Ww,Ws				...if Ww = Ws

1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	B	q			d				p			s				INC[.B] src,dst	C	Z	N	dst ← src+1
1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	B	q			d				p			s				INC2[.B] src,dst	C	Z	N	dst ← src+2
1	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	B	q			d				p			s				DEC[.B] src,dst	C	Z	N	dst ← src−1
1	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	1	B	q			d				p			s				DEC2[.B] src,dst	C	Z	N	dst ← src−2
1	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	B	q			d				p			s				NEG[.B] src,dst	C	Z	N	dst ← ~src+1
1	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	B	q			d				p			s				COM[.B] src,dst		Z	N	dst ← ~src
1	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	B	q			d				—0—	CLR[.B] dst				dst ← 0
1	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	1	B	q			d				—0—	SETM[.B] dst				dst ← ~0
1	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	B	D	f													INC[.B] f[,WREG]	C	Z	N	dest ← f+1
1	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	1	B	D	f													INC2[.B] f[,WREG]	C	Z	N	dest ← f+2
1	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	0	B	D	f													DEC[.B] f[,WREG]	C	Z	N	dest ← f−1
1	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	B	D	f													DEC[.B] f[,WREG]	C	Z	N	dest ← f−2
1	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	B	D	f													NEG[.B] f[,WREG]	C	Z	N	dest ← ~f+1
1	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	B	D	f													COM[.B] f[,WREG]		Z	N	dest ← ~f
1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	B	D	f													CLR[.B] f[,WREG]				dest ← 0
1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	B	D	f													SETM[.B] f[,WREG]				dest ← ~0

1	1	1	1	0	0	m		A	1	x		y		i				j				opc		DSP MPY/MAC/ED/EDAC (dsPIC only)
1	1	1	1	0	1	—																		(Reserved)

1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	f															0	PUSH f				Push f on top of stack
1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	f															0	POP f				Pop f from top of stack
1	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	k														LNK #u14				Push W14, W14 ← W15, W15 += k
1	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	—0—	ULNK				W15 ← W14, pop W14
1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	000			d				p			s				SE src,dst	C	Z	N	dst ← sign_extend(src), copy bit 7 to bits 15:8
1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	000			d				p			s				ZE src,dst	1	Z	0	dst ← zero_extend(src), clear bits 15:8
1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	k														DISI #u14				Disable interrupt for k+1 cycles
1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	000			d				000			s				EXCH Ws,Wd				Swap contents of registers Ws, Wd
1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	000			0000				000			s				DAW.B Ws	C			Decimal adjust based on C, DC
1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	B	000			0000				000			s				SWAP[.B] Ws				Swap halves of Ws
1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	—0—	RESET				Software reset
1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	—0—	k	PWRSAV #u1				Go into sleep or idle mode
1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	—0—	CLRWDT				Clear watchdog timer
1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	—0—	POP.S				Pop shadow registers (W0–3, part of PSR)
1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	—0—	PUSH.S				Push shadow registers (W0–3, part of PSR)
1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	—														(Reserved)
1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	—	NOPR				No operation (version #2)

References

Book: Gruppuso , Frank M. . Computer Structures: Principles and Examples . Daniel P. . Siewiorek . C. Gordon . Bell . Gordon Bell . Allen . Newell . 0-07-057302-6 . 1982 . McGraw-Hill . Chapter 35 PIC1650: Chip Architecture and Operation . https://gordonbell.azurewebsites.net/tcmwebpage/computertimeline/chap35_pic1650_cs2.pdf . 2024-08-18.
Book: Microchip Technology . 2007 . PIC10F200/202/204/206 Data Sheet . 52 . 2015-01-15 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150811030147/http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/41239D.pdf . 2015-08-11 . dead .
Web site: 義隆電子股份有限公司義隆電子，再創未來！.
Web site: Introducing the Enhanced Mid-Range Architecture. Microchip.
Note that operand addresses only go to 0xFF, with additional RAM addressed by banking.
Web site: What's up with these 3-cent microcontrollers? (A review of the Padauk PMS150C and friends) . Jay . Carlson . 6 September 2019 . 2020-05-18.
Web site: The "terrible" 3 cent MCU – a short survey of sub $0.10 microcontrollers. . Tim's blog . 12 August 2019 . 2020-05-18.
Web site: Free PDK Documentation . Padauk µCs sport an interesting architecture that can be a seen as a ... extension of the Microchip PIC architecture..
Web site: Chiptunes on an ATtiny4 and the 3 Cent Micro: Porting to Padauk . According to some, Padauk's instruction set is heavily inspired by older PICs, with most operations taking place on a single accumulator register..
Jenny List"Everything you want to know about the cheapest processors available".2019.
Web site: Microchip PIC micros and C - source and sample code.
Web site: Microchip Technology debuts world's highest performing 16-bit microcontrollers: dsPIC. https://web.archive.org/web/20041213035811/http://www.microchip.com/stellent/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&nodeId=2018&mcparam=en013529. 2004-12-13.