PHLDA2 explained

Pleckstrin homology-like domain family A member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PHLDA2 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

This gene is one of several genes in the imprinted gene domain of 11p15.5, which is considered to be an important tumor suppressor gene region. Alterations in this region may be associated with the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Wilms tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, and lung, ovarian, and breast cancer. Studies of the mouse gene, however, which is also located in an imprinted gene domain, have shown that the product of this gene regulates placental growth.

Further reading

• Feinberg AP . Imprinting of a genomic domain of 11p15 and loss of imprinting in cancer: an introduction . Cancer Res. . 59 . 7 Suppl . 1743s–1746s . 1999 . 10197590 .
• Maruyama K, Sugano S . Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides . Gene . 138 . 1–2 . 171–4 . 1994 . 8125298 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 .
• Suzuki Y . Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library . Gene . 200 . 1–2 . 149–56 . 1997 . 9373149 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 . vanc. Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K . Maruyama K . 3 . Suyama . Akira . Sugano . Sumio .
• Lee MP, Feinberg AP . Genomic imprinting of a human apoptosis gene homologue, TSSC3 . Cancer Res. . 58 . 5 . 1052–6 . 1998 . 9500470 .
• Schwienbacher C . Transcriptional map of 170-kb region at chromosome 11p15.5: Identification and mutational analysis of the BWR1A gene reveals the presence of mutations in tumor samples . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 95 . 7 . 3873–8 . 1998 . 9520460 . 10.1073/pnas.95.7.3873 . 19930 . vanc. Sabbioni S . Campi M . 3 . Veronese . A . Bernardi . G . Menegatti . A . Hatada . I . Mukai . T . Ohashi . H . 1998PNAS...95.3873S . free .
• Frank D . A novel pleckstrin homology-related gene family defined by Ipl/Tssc3, TDAG51, and Tih1: tissue-specific expression, chromosomal location, and parental imprinting . Mamm. Genome . 10 . 12 . 1150–9 . 2000 . 10594239 . 10.1007/s003359901182 . vanc. Mendelsohn CL . Ciccone E . 3 . Svensson . Kristian . Ohlsson . Rolf . Tycko . Benjamin . 10021238 .
• Müller S . Retention of imprinting of the human apoptosis-related gene TSSC3 in human brain tumors . Hum. Mol. Genet. . 9 . 5 . 757–63 . 2000 . 10749982 . 10.1093/hmg/9.5.757 . vanc. van den Boom D . Zirkel D . 3 . Köster . H . Berthold . F . Schwab . M . Westphal . M . Zumkeller . W . free .
• Frank D . Placental overgrowth in mice lacking the imprinted gene Ipl . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 11 . 7490–5 . 2002 . 12032310 . 10.1073/pnas.122039999 . 124258 . vanc. Fortino W . Clark L . 3 . Musalo . R . Wang . W . Saxena . A . Li . CM . Reik . W . Ludwig . T . 2002PNAS...99.7490F . free .
• Saxena A . Phosphoinositide binding by the pleckstrin homology domains of Ipl and Tih1 . J. Biol. Chem. . 277 . 51 . 49935–44 . 2003 . 12374806 . 10.1074/jbc.M206497200 . vanc. Morozov P . Frank D . 3 . Musalo . R . Lemmon . MA . Skolnik . EY . Tycko . B . free .
• Strausberg RL . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . vanc. Feingold EA . Grouse LH . 3 . Derge . JG . Klausner . RD . Collins . FS . Wagner . L . Shenmen . CM . Schuler . GD . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Saxena A . The product of the imprinted gene IPL marks human villous cytotrophoblast and is lost in complete hydatidiform mole . Placenta . 24 . 8–9 . 835–42 . 2004 . 13129680 . 10.1016/S0143-4004(03)00130-9 . vanc. Frank D . Panichkul P . 3 . Van Den Veyver . IB . Tycko . B . Thaker . H .
• Gerhard DS . The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 . vanc. Wagner L . Feingold EA . 3 . Shenmen . CM . Grouse . LH . Schuler . G . Klein . SL . Old . S . Rasooly . R .
• Kim HS . Hypoxia regulates the expression of PHLDA2 in primary term human trophoblasts . Placenta . 28 . 2–3 . 77–84 . 2007 . 16584773 . 10.1016/j.placenta.2006.01.025 . vanc. Roh CR . Chen B . 3 . Tycko . B. . Nelson . D.M. . Sadovsky . Y. .
• Beausoleil SA . A probability-based approach for high-throughput protein phosphorylation analysis and site localization . Nat. Biotechnol. . 24 . 10 . 1285–92 . 2006 . 16964243 . 10.1038/nbt1240 . vanc. Villén J . Gerber SA . 3 . Rush . John . Gygi . Steven P . 14294292 .
• Apostolidou S . Elevated placental expression of the imprinted PHLDA2 gene is associated with low birth weight . J. Mol. Med. . 85 . 4 . 379–87 . 2007 . 17180344 . 10.1007/s00109-006-0131-8 . vanc. Abu-Amero S . O'Donoghue K . 3 . Frost . J. . Olafsdottir . O. . Chavele . K. M. . Whittaker . J. C. . Loughna . P. . Stanier . P. . 24292385 .
• Tang KF . Upregulation of PHLDA2 in Dicer knockdown HEK293 cells . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1770 . 5 . 820–5 . 2007 . 17303335 . 10.1016/j.bbagen.2007.01.004 . vanc. Wang Y . Wang P . 3 . Chen . Min . Chen . Yao . Hu . Huai-Dong . Hu . Peng . Wang . Bo . Yang . Wenjie . 30622597 .
• Bertheau P . Exquisite Sensitivity of TP53 Mutant and Basal Breast Cancers to a Dose-Dense Epirubicin−Cyclophosphamide Regimen . PLOS Med. . 4 . 3 . e90 . 2007 . 17388661 . 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040090 . 1831731 . vanc. Turpin E . Rickman DS . 3 . Espié . Marc . De Reyniès . Aurélien . Feugeas . Jean-Paul . Plassa . Louis-François . Soliman . Hany . Varna . Mariana . free .

Notes and References

1. Qian N, Frank D, O'Keefe D, Dao D, Zhao L, Yuan L, Wang Q, Keating M, Walsh C, Tycko B . The IPL gene on chromosome 11p15.5 is imprinted in humans and mice and is similar to TDAG51, implicated in Fas expression and apoptosis . Hum Mol Genet . 6 . 12 . 2021–9 . Dec 1997 . 9328465 . 10.1093/hmg/6.12.2021 . free .
2. Hu RJ, Lee MP, Connors TD, Johnson LA, Burn TC, Su K, Landes GM, Feinberg AP . A 2.5-Mb transcript map of a tumor-suppressing subchromosomal transferable fragment from 11p15.5, and isolation and sequence analysis of three novel genes . Genomics . 46 . 1 . 9–17 . Jan 1998 . 9403053 . 10.1006/geno.1997.4981 . free .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: PHLDA2 pleckstrin homology-like domain, family A, member 2.