Portland International Airport Explained

Portland International Airport
Image2-Width:	250
Iata:	PDX
Icao:	KPDX
Faa:	PDX
Type:	Public / Military
Owner-Oper:	Port of Portland
City-Served:	Portland metropolitan area
Location:	Portland, Oregon, U.S.
Hub:	Alaska Airlines
Elevation-F:	30
Elevation-M:	9
Image Map Caption:	FAA airport diagram
Mapframe:	yes
Mapframe-Zoom:	10
Mapframe-Wikidata:	yes
R1-Number:	03/21
R1-Length-F:	6,000
R1-Length-M:	1,829
R1-Surface:	Asphalt
R2-Number:	10L/28R
R2-Length-F:	9,825
R2-Length-M:	2,995
R2-Surface:	Asphalt
R3-Number:	10R/28L
R3-Length-F:	11,000
R3-Length-M:	3,353
R3-Surface:	Concrete
Stat-Year:	2023
Stat1-Header:	Passengers
Stat1-Data:	16,486,688
Stat2-Header:	Aircraft operations
Stat2-Data:	190,150
Footnotes:	Source: Federal Aviation Administration^[1] ^[2]

Portland International Airport is a joint civil–military airport and the largest airport in the U.S. state of Oregon, accounting for 90% of the state's passenger air travel and more than 95% of its air cargo.^[3] It is within Portland's city limits just south of the Columbia River in Multnomah County, 6miles by air and 120NaN0 by highway northeast of downtown Portland. Portland International Airport is often referred to by its IATA airport code, PDX. The airport covers 3,000 acres (1,214 ha) of land.^[4]

Portland International Airport has direct flights to cities throughout the United States and in several other countries, including Canada, Mexico, Germany, United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Iceland. The airport is a hub for Alaska Airlines.^[5] It also has a maintenance facility for Alaska Air subsidiary Horizon Air. General aviation services are provided at PDX by Atlantic Aviation.^[6] The Oregon Air National Guard has a base on the southwest portion of the airport property grounds, and is also the host unit of the 142nd Fighter Wing (142 FW), which operates the F-15 Eagle. Local transportation includes the MAX Red Line light rail, which takes passengers between PDX and downtown Portland, as well as farther west to Beaverton. There is also Interstate 205, which connects to southwestern Washington (north from PDX) along with many suburbs of Portland (south from PDX).

History

Portland's first airport was the Swan Island Municipal Airport,^[7] northwest of downtown Portland on the Willamette River. The Port of Portland purchased and construction began in 1926. Charles Lindbergh flew in and dedicated the new airfield in 1927.

By 1935 it was becoming apparent to the Port of Portland that the airport was becoming obsolete. The small airfield couldn't easily be expanded, nor could it accommodate the larger aircraft and passenger loads expected to become common to Portland. Plans immediately were conceived to relocate the outdated airfield to a larger site. The Swan Island area is now used by the Port of Portland as an industrial park.^[8]

Construction and early operations

The Portland City Council purchased the present PDX site in 1936. It was bordered by the Columbia River in the north and the Columbia Slough in the south. The city council issued US$300,000 and asked the Port of Portland to sponsor a US$1.3 million Works Progress Administration (WPA) grant to develop the site into a "super airport". The project provided badly needed Great Depression-era jobs.^[9] Construction of the airport steadily employed over 1,000 men, and was described by historian Neil Barker as "Portland's most significant public works improvement during the New Deal era".^[10] The WPA and Port of Portland faced difficulties in preparing the site for construction because the low-lying area was frequently covered by flood waters from the Columbia River. Workers covered the area with over 4e6cuyd of sand to help drain it of water, and constructed a series of dikes to control flooding. Two runways capable of serving the modern aircraft of the time were operational by 1941. The airport was designated "Portland–Columbia Airport" to distinguish it from then-operating Swan Island Airport. During World War II, the airfield was used by the United States Army Air Forces.

The "super airport" had a terminal on the north side, off Marine Drive, and five runways (NE-SW, NW-SE, and an E-W runway forming an asterisk). This configuration was adequate until a new terminal and a longer, 8800feet east–west runway were constructed in 1952. View airport diagrams: 1955 and 1965

In 1948 the entire airport grounds were flooded during the Vanport Flood, forcing scheduled airline services to reroute to nearby Troutdale Airport. The grounds were under water for several months.

New terminal (1950s)

Portland's first jets were Pan Am 707-321s about October 1959. A new terminal opened in 1959, which for the most part serves as the present facility. The new terminal is located to the east of the original runways, and north of the then-new 8800feet runway. Construction of a second east–west runway to the north made this a midfield terminal. At this point, all but the NE-SW (3/21) runway in the original "X" were abandoned and turned into taxiways. 3/21 was extended for use as a cross-wind runway. "International" was added to the airport's official designation after the 1950s-era improvements.

The first international nonstop was Western's 720B to Vancouver, British Columbia, in 1967. Plans made in 1968 to add a third runway by means of filling in parts of the Columbia River were met with vocal public opposition and scrapped. The airport switched from screening passengers at individual gates to screening all visitors at concourse entrances in 1973 as new FAA regulations went into effect.^[11] By 1974, the airport was served by Braniff, Cascade, Continental, Eastern, Hughes Airwest, Northwest Orient, Pan Am, United and Western, and the Seattle route was served by seven airlines with aircraft as large as Boeing 747s.^[12] In 1974, the south runway was extended to to service the newest jumbo jets. The terminal building was renovated and expanded in 1977.

United was the dominant carrier at PDX during the regulated era and through the 1980s.^[13] Air Oregon started short-haul service from Portland following deregulation in 1978, and by 1979 had routes to seven other cities in Oregon.^[14] In April 1983, United Airlines began a flight from Chicago to Tokyo's Narita Airport that stopped in Seattle–Tacoma six days a week and in Portland once a week. The company operated the service with Boeing 747s.^{[15] [16]} Meanwhile, Delta Air Lines wanted to add Tokyo to its network, but it lacked aircraft that could fly there nonstop from its Atlanta base. Consequently, the company established a "Pacific gateway" in Portland, a small hub for routes to Asia.^{[17] [18] [19]} Delta began service from Portland to Tokyo in March 1987.^[20]

By the 1980s, the terminal building began an extensive renovation in order to update PDX to meet future needs. The ticketing and baggage claim areas were renovated and expanded, and a new Concourse D for Alaska Airlines was added in 1986.^[21] Concourse E was first to be reconstructed in 1992, and featured PDX's first moving sidewalks.^[22] The Oregon Marketplace, a small shopping mall, was added in the former waiting areas behind the ticket counters. The early 1990s saw a food court and extension added to Concourse C, and the opening of the new Concourse D in 1994.^[22] This marked the first concessions inside secured areas, allowing passengers to purchase items without having to be re-screened. An expanded parking garage, new control tower, and canopy over the curbside were finished in the late 1990s. Although hailed by architectural critics, the canopy blocked views of Mount Hood from the curbside. On July 31, 1997, during construction, the garage addition collapsed due to inadequate bolts holding girders together and inadequate securing of structural members, killing three steelworkers.^[23]

Delta added domestic flights to Portland to feed the Asia routes.^[24] In 1995, the carrier offered nonstop service to Tokyo, Seoul, Nagoya, and Taipei, with the Taipei flight continuing on to Bangkok.^[25] It also flew to eight domestic cities, such as Atlanta, New York, and San Francisco.^[26] However, Delta faced obstacles to the success of its operation in Portland. These included the 1997 Asian financial crisis and complaints about the treatment of Asian passengers at the immigration facility in Portland, which led to the nickname "Deportland."^[27] Moreover, airlines were introducing more flights from the United States to Asia, allowing travelers to bypass the Portland hub. Delta reduced the number of Asian destinations to two, Tokyo and Nagoya. It finally closed the hub in March 2001 due to financial losses. The move left the airport without transpacific air service.^{[28] [29]}

The present H-shape of the PDX terminal, designed by Zimmer Gunsul Frasca Partnership,^[30] was completed on September 10, 2001, when the new A, B and C concourses, as well as the light rail line, were finished. Probably the most stunning portion of PDX's interior, the new concourses reflect a Northwest theme, focusing heavily on the nearby Columbia River. A huge celebration was to be held the following weekend, but the September 11 attacks interceded. The new concourses, designed to be public spaces, were closed to non-passengers.

Lufthansa started direct flights to Frankfurt in March 2003. The route was operated by Airbus A340s.^{[31] [32]} In June 2004, Northwest Airlines introduced nonstop service to its hub at Tokyo-Narita aboard a McDonnell Douglas DC-10. In order to funnel passengers from other American cities onto the flight, Northwest made use of its partnerships with four other carriers instead of adding its own domestic routes to Portland. This strategy was less costly than Delta's.^{[33] [34]}

In August 2005, the concourse connector was opened.^[35] This is a long hallway on the secure side of the airport that connects the A, B and C concourses to the D and E concourses on the other side of the airport. If there is a long line at the checkpoint at one end of the airport, passengers may use the other checkpoint and walk through the connector to their desired concourse.^[36] The connector closed permanently on January 5, 2021, to make room for terminal expansion.^[37]

The airport's carpet, installed in 1987, was designed to stylize the criss-crossing north and south runways. Beginning in 2014, a new design replaced the original pattern. In response, many residents created products to celebrate the carpet as a local icon.^{[38] [39]}

In December 2016, The Port of Portland renovated the security checkpoints and immigration facilities as part of its PDXNext project. This included the relocation, and wider of the exit lanes by the security checkpoints and upgraded security on both sides of the terminal.^[40]

Terminal expansion (2020s)

In the latter half of 2016, the Port of Portland and several airlines at PDX approved a project intended to balance the use of the terminal and concourses at Portland International Airport. The subsequent project extended Concourse E by and added 6 new gates to the facility. After the project, Southwest Airlines relocated its operations from Concourse C to the newly expanded Concourse E, alongside United Airlines. With the relocation of Southwest Airlines to Concourse E, Alaska Airlines, American Airlines and JetBlue Airways became the primary users of Concourses B and C. Construction on this project began in the spring of 2017 and opened to passengers on July 15, 2020.^{[41] [42] [43]}

Concourse A was demolished in November 2019 due to the age and space of the structure and was replaced by an expanded Concourse B. The extension featured 4 jet bridges, 6 ground loading zones, and improved concession stands. All Horizon operations that operated out of Concourse A was temporarily moved to Concourse C until the expanded Concourse B was completed. The new concourse opened on December 8, 2021.^{[44] [42] [45]}

In March 2020, the main terminal began a 5-year expansion process to generate more open space in the pre-security area and an expansion of 150 feet toward the west. The Concourse Connector was closed in January 2021 and the Clocktower Plaza closed 3 months later to make room for the expansion. During construction, the remains of the concourse connector will be reused for passengers to bypass the construction zone to get to concourses C and D. Construction of the new main terminal was expected to be complete by May 2024.^{[46] [47]} One month before its scheduled opening, however, the opening date for the new terminal was delayed by 3 months due to construction incidents on site.^[48] The new pre-security terminal opened to the public August 14, 2024.^[49]

Facilities

The airport has one passenger terminal composed of four concourses, which are designated B, C, D, and E. There are 60 gates in total.^[50] The international section of Concourse D was renamed the Governor Victor G. Atiyeh International Concourse to honor the former Oregon governor, who was also known as "Trader Vic" for launching international tourism and trade initiatives during his gubernatorial term.

The Port of Portland requires all airport shops and restaurants to practice fair retail pricing—businesses are not allowed to charge more than at off-airport locations.^[51] Unique amenities include a microcinema run by the Hollywood Theatre; it shows free short films by Portland-based filmmakers that are primarily focused on the culture of the Pacific Northwest.^{[52] [53] [54] [55]} The terminal also houses a distillery.^{[56] [57]} In the pre-security area, there are several local food carts.^[58] In addition, the lower terminal roadway near the TriMet MAX Red Line station has a work station and assembly for repairing bicycles. The Oregon Welcome Center also has a "Tool check-out".^{[59] [60]}

Jet fuel is supplied via the Portland Jet Line, an 8inches Kinder Morgan fuel pipeline running from the Northwest Industrial area of Portland's Willbridge Terminal to the airport. Willbridge contains 40 tanks, connected to the 14inch Olympic pipeline and 8inches Eugene pipeline, BNSF rail, truck, and ships.^{[61] [62] [63]}

Airlines and destinations

Cargo

Statistics

Top destinations

BTS

Transtats">Web site: Portland, OR: Portland International (PDX) . . August 15, 2024.
Rank	City	Passengers	Carriers
1	Denver, Colorado	635,000	Alaska, Frontier, Southwest, United
2	Seattle/Tacoma, Washington	601,000	Alaska, Delta
3	Las Vegas, Nevada	542,000	Alaska, Frontier, Southwest, Spirit
4	Los Angeles, California	491,000	Alaska, American, Delta
5	Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Arizona	483,000	Alaska, American, Frontier, Southwest
6	San Francisco, California	399,000	Alaska, United
7	Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas	359,000	Alaska, American
8	Chicago–O'Hare, Illinois	303,000	Alaska, American, United
9	Salt Lake City, Utah	285,000	Alaska, Delta
10	San Jose, California	254,000	Alaska, Southwest

Busiest international routes from PDX (April 2023 – March 2024)^[64]

Rank	City	Passengers	Carriers
1	Amsterdam, Netherlands	153,386	Delta
2	Vancouver, Canada	151,192	Air Canada, Alaska
3	Guadalajara, Mexico	129,078	Volaris
4	London–Heathrow, United Kingdom	109,352	British Airways
5	Reykjavík–Keflavík, Iceland	50,085	Icelandair
6	Puerto Vallarta, Mexico	48,237	Alaska
7	San José del Cabo, Mexico	44,517	Alaska
8	Calgary, Canada	44,441	WestJet
9	Frankfurt, Germany	26,404	Condor
10	Toronto–Pearson, Canada	17,469	Air Canada Rouge

Airline market share

BTS

Transtats"/>
Rank	Airline	Passengers	Share
1	Alaska Airlines	4,151,000	26.68%
2	Southwest Airlines	2,438,000	15.67%
3	Delta Air Lines	2,067,000	13.28%
4	United Airlines	1,855,000	11.92%
5	SkyWest	1,302,000	8.37%
–	Other airlines	3,746,000	24.07%

Annual traffic

Annual passenger traffic at PDX, 2012–2023^{[65] [66] [67]} ! Year! Passengers

2012	14,390,750
2013	15,029,569
2014	15,916,512
2015	16,850,952
2016	18,352,767
2017	19,080,444
2018	19,882,788
2019	19,891,365
2020	7,084,543
2021	11,806,921
2022	14,818,654
2023	16,486,688

Ground transportation

Public transit service to the airport is provided by TriMet, the metropolitan area's primary transit agency, with its MAX Red Line light rail service. The 1986-opened MAX Light Rail system was extended to the airport in 2001.^[68] The Red Line originally provided service as far as downtown Portland only, but in 2003 it was extended west to Beaverton.^[69] The light rail station is located only about 150abbr=onNaNabbr=on from the airport's baggage claim area.^[68] Prior to 2001, TriMet service to the airport consisted of bus route 72-82nd Avenue from 1970^[70] to 1986, and route 12-Sandy Blvd. from 1986^[71] to 2001.^[72] Pacific Crest Lines also offers daily service to Union Station, Salem and Bend.

C-Tran route 67 bus connects the airport to Fisher's Landing Transit Center in east Vancouver, Washington.

By road, the terminal is accessible from exit 24 on Interstate 205.

Accidents and incidents

• On October 1, 1966, West Coast Airlines Flight 956 crashed in a desolate section of the Mount Hood National Forest during descent into Portland International Airport. Of the 18 passengers and crew, there were no survivors. The probable cause of the accident was "the descent of the aircraft below its clearance limit and below that of surrounding obstructing terrain, but the Board was unable to determine the cause of such descent." The accident was the first loss of a Douglas DC-9.
• On December 28, 1978, United Airlines Flight 173 was en route to Portland International Airport from Stapleton International Airport in Denver, Colorado. On approach to Portland International Airport, the crew lowered the landing gear which caused a loud thump, abnormal vibration, unusual yaw, and the landing gear indicator lights failed to light. The plane circled Portland while the crew investigated the problem. After about an hour, the plane exhausted its fuel supply and crashed into the suburban neighborhood of East Burnside Street and NE 158th Ave. Of the 189 passengers and crew on board, ten died and 24 more were injured. An investigation revealed that the crash was caused by "the failure of the captain to properly monitor the aircraft's fuel state". This accident's investigation led to substantially improved aviation safety by widespread adoption of crew resource management which emphasizes crew teamwork and communication instead of a command hierarchy.^[73]
• On February 16, 2008, visibility of 1/8 mile was a possible factor in the fatal accident that took the life of the pilot, Oregon doctor Richard Otoski, a Klamath Falls dermatologist flying his Columbia 400. The accident took place just short of runway 10R at Portland International Airport. Otoski was the only person on board the aircraft, manufactured by the former Lancair Company. "Damn it... we're gonna crash" were the last words PDX controllers heard from N621ER.^[74] The aircraft was apparently in the process of making another missed approach in poor visibility following the ILS when it clipped an airport perimeter fence, crashed, and soon caught fire. The aircraft had departed from Klamath Falls 90 minutes earlier.^[75]
• On January 5, 2024, Alaska Airlines Flight 1282, a 3 month-old Boeing 737 MAX 9 was en route to Ontario, California from Portland when a door plug (a structure installed to replace an optional emergency exit door located in the rear mid-cabin just behind the wings) tore off mid-flight. The flight experienced uncontrolled decompression and was forced to turn around and perform an emergency landing at PDX, resulting in three minor injuries. The incident caused Boeing to temporary ground nearly all 737 MAX 9's to investigate the maintenance of the door plug.^[76]
• On March 18, 2024, an Alaska Airlines Boeing 737-800 arriving from Washington, D.C., suffered a cracked windshield while landing. The plane landed safely with no one among the 165 people on board being injured. The airline repaired the aircraft.^[77]

See also

• Oregon World War II Army Airfields
• Pearson Field
• Portland-Mulino Airport
• Tourism in Portland, Oregon
• Western Air Defense Force

External links

• • Airport Wayfinder: Interactive video guide and detailed information about Portland International Airport

Notes and References

1. , effective January 25, 2024
2. Web site: Calendar Year Report. January 31, 2024. Port of Portland.
3. Book: Loy, William G.. Atlas of Oregon. 2001. University of Oregon Press. Eugene, Oregon. 111. 0-87114-102-7.
4. Web site: PDX airport data at skyvector.com. skyvector.com. August 24, 2022.
5. Web site: Network . Newsroom Alaska Airlines . March 9, 2020 . November 4, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181104050117/https://newsroom.alaskaair.com/network . dead .
6. Web site: Atlantic Aviation Acquires Flightcraft PDX and EUG . AviationPros . July 28, 2011 . November 27, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131202230311/http://www.aviationpros.com/news/10375247/atlantic-aviation-acquires-flightcraft-pdx-and-eug . December 2, 2013 . live .
7. Web site: Swan Island Airport, 1935 . City of Portland Archives . Vintage Portland . February 1, 2012 . November 4, 2012 . Portland's main airport on Swan Island was only open a few years before it became obvious that the site offered little expansion room. The year after this 1935 photo, land was purchased along the Columbia River for a new airport. . https://web.archive.org/web/20140522125520/http://vintageportland.wordpress.com/2012/02/01/swan-island-airport-1935/ . May 22, 2014 . live .
8. Web site: Airport History. Hien. Bui. Michelle. Kain. Center for Columbia River History. February 14, 2011. October 21, 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20060519133521/http://www.ccrh.org/comm/slough/airport1.htm. May 19, 2006. live.
9. Web site: Subtopic : Oregon in Depression and War, 1925–1945: The Most Visible of Relief Agencies. William. Robbins G.. The Oregon History Project. Oregon Historical Society. 2002. August 29, 2008. https://archive.today/20120907171205/http://www.ohs.org/education/oregonhistory/narratives/subtopic.cfm?subtopic_ID=106. September 7, 2012. live.
10. Neil Barker . Portland's Works Progress Administration . Oregon Historical Quarterly . Winter 2000 . 101 . 4 . 420–21 . 20615092.
11. News: Portland Airport's Security Screening Procedures to Shift. The Oregonian. Portland. January 4, 1973. 24.
12. Web site: Airlines and Aircraft Serving Portland, Oregon Effective April 1, 1974. departedflights.com. September 8, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20160131045913/http://www.departedflights.com/PDX74intro.html. January 31, 2016. live.
13. Web site: Bhaskara . Vinay . A Detailed Look at Delta Air Lines History in Portland – Guest Blog . October 27, 2011 . Airline Reporter . September 8, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151005072212/http://www.airlinereporter.com/2011/10/a-detailed-look-at-delta-air-lines-history-in-portland-guest-blog/ . October 5, 2015 . live .
14. Web site: Airlines and Aircraft Serving Portland, Oregon Effective November 15, 1979. departedflights.com. September 8, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20160131080609/http://www.departedflights.com/PDX79intro.html. January 31, 2016. live.
15. News: UAL offers Portland-Tokyo flights . Statesman Journal . February 11, 1983 . Associated Press . August 26, 2023 . Salem, OR.
16. News: Tokyo service . The Columbian . May 1, 1983 . August 26, 2023 . Vancouver, WA.
17. News: Port lobbyist shows how to pull the right strings . The Business Journal . April 27, 1987 . Wilkerson, Jan . Portland, OR.
18. Delta to discontinue Portland, Ore., service to Tokyo and Nagoya, Japan . Delta Air Lines . September 7, 2000 . .
19. News: January 1, 2007 . November 10, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121110185801/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/08/31/us/besmirched-deportland-wrestles-with-the-ins.html . Besmirched 'Deportland' Wrestles With the I.N.S. . August 31, 2000 . Howe-Verhovek . Sam . . live.
20. News: United will transfer Tokyo flight service . Statesman Journal . January 28, 1987 . Associated Press . August 26, 2023 . Salem, OR.
21. News: Airport Construction . Judy . Rooks . The Oregonian . Portland . May 27, 1986.
22. News: Portland International Airport Timeline . . Portland . June 30, 2003 . June 27, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140901131909/http://djcoregon.com/news/2003/06/30/portland-international-airport-timeline/ . September 1, 2014 . live .
23. Web site: OR-OSHA reaches $1 million settlement on 1997 airport garage collapse. NW Labor Press. August 27, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20160914065211/http://www.nwlaborpress.org/2002/4-19-02OSHA.html. September 14, 2016. live.
24. Northwest Spoke: PDX Uses Innovative Tactics To Secure Air Service . Unnikrishnan, Madhu . Aviation Week & Space Technology . 172 . 33 . September 6, 2010 . .
25. News: Delta plans to reduce its flights to Taipei . The Oregonian . August 4, 1995 . Barnett, Jim.
26. Web site: Airlines and Aircraft Serving Portland, Oregon . Official Airline Guide: North American Edition . April 2, 1995 . August 26, 2023.
27. News: Delta to review Portland-Japan flights . The Columbian . May 4, 2000 . Rogoway, Mike . Vancouver, WA . .
28. News: Delta Cuts Portland Service. Portland Business Journal. September 4, 2000. October 21, 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20060207224813/http://www.bizjournals.com/portland/stories/2000/09/04/daily16.html. February 7, 2006. live.
29. News: PDX loses Asia flights . The Oregonian . September 7, 2000 . Hill, Gail Kinsey.
30. Web site: Portland International Airport . Sheri . Olson . . January 1, 2002 . February 11, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150910023642/http://archrecord.construction.com/projects/bts/archives/transportation/portland/overview.asp . September 10, 2015 . live .
31. News: Lufthansa to Add Portland Service . Portland Business Journal . October 21, 2002 . October 21, 2006 . https://web.archive.org/web/20040916204049/http://www.bizjournals.com/portland/stories/2002/10/21/daily35.html . September 16, 2004 . live .
32. News: Lufthansa Will End Portland-Frankfurt Flight. Richard. Read. The Oregonian. Portland. July 6, 2009. July 6, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090708000737/http://www.oregonlive.com/business/index.ssf/2009/07/lufthansa_to_end_portlandfrank.html. July 8, 2009. live.
33. Northwest To Fly Portland – Tokyo Nonstop. Northwest Airlines. January 7, 2004. October 21, 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20140522123343/http://www.odysseymediagroup.com/apn/Editorial-Airlines-And-Airports.asp?reportid=73738. May 22, 2014. live.
34. News: Northwest flight revives PDX connection to Asia . The Oregonian . June 11, 2004 . Rivera, Dylan.
35. Web site: Portland International Airport—Connecting People, Places and Now Concourses with New Concourse Connector . pdxaminer . August 2005 . February 11, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150924080202/http://www.portofportland.com/pdxaminer/pdxaminer_curr.aspx?contentFile=%2FIssue_2005_08%2FContent%2FPage1.ascx . September 24, 2015 . dead .
36. News: Holiday Travel Tips to Survive PDX . Jack . Penning . KGW News . December 20, 2005 . February 11, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110804192355/http://www.beloblog.com/KGW_Blogs/travel/archives/2005/12/ . August 4, 2011 . dead.
37. Web site: PDX To Close Concourse Connector . Z100 Portland . January 16, 2021.
38. News: Barney. Alicia. In Portland, It's Curtains for an Airport Carpet. December 31, 2014. The New York Times. December 16, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141231071059/http://intransit.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/12/16/in-portland-its-curtains-for-an-airport-carpet/?_r=0. December 31, 2014. live.
39. News: Johnson. Cari. A Brief History of the PDX Airport Carpet. December 31, 2014. Portland Monthly. December 20, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20141231070623/http://www.portlandmonthlymag.com/travel-and-outdoors/tripster/articles/a-brief-history-of-the-pdx-carpet-december-2013. December 31, 2014. live.
40. Web site: PDXNext. Portland International Airport. December 3, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181204102022/https://www2.portofportland.com/PDXnext. December 4, 2018. live.
41. News: Airlines Approve Terminal Balancing Project and Concourse E Extension. 3. Pdxaminer. Port of Portland. September 2016. September 4, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160916132751/http://cdn.portofportland.com/pdfs/PDXaminer_9_2016.pdf. September 16, 2016. live.
42. Web site: Port of Portland - PDX Next . PDXNext . July 30, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190731022224/https://www.portofportland.com/PDXnext . July 31, 2019 . live .
43. Web site: Portland airport hit with airline layoffs, hopes for revival of air travel . Oregonlive . July 10, 2020 . July 13, 2020.
44. Web site: Portland in mourning over loss of 'classic' PDX airport carpet . Komo News . November 14, 2019 . November 14, 2019.
45. Web site: TCORE - Concourse B Renovation Public Notice. January 23, 2019. October 1, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190709114128/https://popcdn.azureedge.net/pdfs/PDX%20CAC%20TCORE%20-%20CCB%20Notice%20of%20Proposed%20Development%20January%202019.pdf. July 9, 2019. live. Web site: Concourse B debuts at Portland International Airport . KGW8 . December 8, 2021 . December 8, 2021.
46. Web site: PDX construction 101: What's happening at your local airport, explained . PDXNext . June 9, 2021.
47. Web site: Photos of PDX's New Terminal Are Here, and It's Glorious . PDX Monthly . August 23, 2023.
48. Web site: Portland International Airport sets main terminal opening date for August 2024 after delays . KGW . April 4, 2024 . April 8, 2024.
49. Web site: New PDX main terminal opens, ‘greets visitors the Oregon way’ . KOIN 6 . August 14, 2024.
50. Web site: FlyPDX - Map . Port of Portland.
51. Web site: PDX Shop Dine Fly . . February 11, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130129220254/http://www.portofportland.com/Shops_Home.aspx . January 29, 2013 . dead .
52. News: Mini-movie theater to open at Portland International Airport. Harriet. Baskas. December 30, 2015. USA Today. December 3, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170807120854/https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/flights/todayinthesky/2015/12/30/pdx-movie-theater/78067904/. August 7, 2017. live.
53. Web site: Mini movie theater coming to Portland International Airport. Statesman Journal.
54. Web site: A mini movie theater is coming to Portland airport. The Bulletin. Bend, Oregon. December 30, 2015. Associated Press. December 31, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063029/http://www.bendbulletin.com/localstate/3863916-151/a-mini-movie-theater-is-coming-to-portland. March 4, 2016. live.
55. Web site: The Portland Airport Opened a Mini Movie Theater and it's Packing Houses. Portland Monthly. April 25, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170426062351/https://www.pdxmonthly.com/articles/2017/4/17/the-portland-airport-opened-a-mini-movie-theater-and-it-s-packing-houses. April 26, 2017. live.
56. House Spirits Distillery Announces Plans for World's First-Ever Airport Tasting Room at PDX. January 14, 2016. BevNET. January 14, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160328185220/http://www.bevnet.com/news/spirits/2016/house-spirits-distillery-announces-plans-for-worlds-first-ever-airport-tasting-room-at-pdx/. March 28, 2016. live.
57. Web site: Kenny & Zukes, distillery tasting room highlight 11 new Portland airport shops and restaurants. Mason. Walker. January 13, 2016. Portland Business Journal. January 14, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20170806140858/https://www.bizjournals.com/portland/blog/2016/01/kenny-zukes-distillery-tasting-room-highlight-11.html. August 6, 2017. live.
58. News: Bakall. Samantha. Pok Pok and Koi Fusion food carts open at Portland International Airport. September 30, 2015. The Oregonian. October 10, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20151002193808/http://www.oregonlive.com/dining/index.ssf/2014/10/pok_pok_and_koi_fusion_food_ca.html. October 2, 2015. live.
59. Web site: Portland International Airport - Bicycle Resources. Port of Portland. December 31, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20160128181915/http://www2.portofportland.com/PDX/BicycleResources. January 28, 2016. live.
60. Web site: New PDX Bike Assembly Station Helps Cyclists Get Rolling. Port of Portland. December 31, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20170806140244/https://www.portofportland.com/Notices/PDX_Bike_Assmbly_01_BLT.htm. August 6, 2017. dead. mdy-all.
61. Web site: KINDER MORGAN PORTLAND JET LINE LLC TRANSPORTATION POLICY . kindermorgan.com . July 1, 2022 . February 15, 2023 . Kinder Morgan Portland Jet Line LLC (“Carrier”) owns and operates an intrastate pipeline originating at Kinder Morgan’s Willbridge Terminal in Multnomah County, Oregon to Portland International Airport in Multnomah County, Oregon. .
62. Web site: Pacific Operations . kindermorgan.com . February 15, 2023 . Willbridge Direct pumping into 8” Portland Airport line .
63. Web site: Guild's Lake Industrial Sanctuary Plan . portlandoregon.gov . 2001 . February 15, 2023 . Three underground petroleum pipelines exist in the GLIS. The 14-inch Olympic pipeline originates from Puget Sound area oil refineries and terminates at bulk fuel terminals in Linnton and the GLIS. The Olympic pipeline is a primary supplier of gasoline, diesel and aviation fuel for the Portland metropolitan area and moves the equivalent of 1,800 tanker trucks of fuel per day between the Seattle and Portland areas. The 8-inch Kinder Morgan pipeline originates in the GLIS and supplies petroleum products to the Eugene area. An additional pipeline runs from the GLIS to Portland International Airport, supplying it with aviation fuel. These pipelines are examples of major private investments in industrial infrastructure within the GLIS that serve the regional economy. .
64. Web site: BTS Air Carriers : T-100 International Market (All Carriers) . July 29, 2024 . August 14, 2024.
65. Web site: Aviation Statistics. September 7, 2011. Port of Portland. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150316103515/http://portofportland.com/Aviation_Stat.aspx. March 16, 2015. mdy-all.
66. Web site: Port Business. May 30, 2013. Port of Portland. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402145013/http://www.portofportland.com/Aviation_Stat_Arch.aspx. April 2, 2015. mdy-all.
67. Web site: Portland International Airport Monthly Traffic Report . Port of Portland . January 23, 2013 . October 25, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150924080201/http://www.portofportland.com/SelfPost/A_201312385754Dec2012webstats.pdf . September 24, 2015 . dead .
68. News: MAX trains begin airport service. Portland Business Journal. September 10, 2001. November 1, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20050121014119/http://portland.bizjournals.com/portland/stories/2001/09/10/daily3.html. January 21, 2005. live.
69. Leeson, Fred (August 27, 2003). "MAX fares increase, direct service from Beaverton to PDX starts". The Oregonian, p. D2.
70. News: Tri-Met Expands Bus Service, Including Trips To Airport. The Oregonian. October 23, 1970. 25.
71. News: Changes set in schedules, bus routes. The Oregonian. September 4, 1986. ME8.
72. News: Stewart. Bill. Most Tri-Met fares rise Saturday, while route switches start Sept. 9. The Oregonian. August 31, 2001. B1.
73. Web site: 10 Plane Crashes That Changed Aviation. David. Noland. August 28, 2007. November 1, 2015. Popular Mechanics. https://web.archive.org/web/20151105051228/http://www.popularmechanics.com/flight/g73/10-airplane-crashes-that-changed-aviation/. November 5, 2015. live.
74. Web site: Lancair crash at KPDX. One dead.. YouTube. March 13, 2014. March 13, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20170207222554/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2rHFOT17rTM. February 7, 2017. live.
75. Web site: Columbia 400 Down In IFR Accident. Jim. Campbell. February 18, 2008. Aero-News Network. March 13, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160308073219/http://www.aero-news.net/index.cfm?do=main.textpost&id=5b332a01-63eb-4372-acbf-5834a1e44bdf. March 8, 2016. live.
76. Web site: Alaska Airlines flight forced to make emergency landing at Portland airport after panel on side of plane blows out . KGW 8 . January 5, 2024 . January 6, 2024.
77. Web site: Windshield cracks on Boeing plane during Alaska Airlines flight landing in Portland . March 18, 2024 .