PDM (cycling team) explained

PDM
Code:	PDM
Registered:	Netherlands
Disbanded:	1992
Discipline:	Road
Season:	1986–1989 1990–1991 1992
Oldname:	PDM–Ultima–Concorde PDM–Concorde–Ultima PDM–Ultima–Concorde
Kitimage:	Ultima-pdm-retro-jersey-from-prendas-ciclismo.jpg

PDM was a Dutch professional cycling team from 1986 until the end of 1992. Gin-MG was co-sponsor in Spanish races and Cidona was co-sponsor in the 1991 Nissan Classic. The team was sponsored by Philips Dupont Magnetics, a joint venture between the electronics company, Philips, and the chemical company, DuPont. The team rode Concorde bicycles, manufactured in Italy, by several builders that were colour coordinated to the team jersey by Ultima.

History

Roy Schuiten was team manager and Jan Gisbers directeur sportif in 1986. Gisbers took over as the team manager the following year and remained until 1992. He was joined by Piet van der Kruijs and Ferdi van den Haute. The team was owned by Manfred Krikke, of Veltec Rentmeester.

The team was successful in classics and had a rider second overall in the Tour de France in 1987 with Pedro Delgado and 1988 with Steven Rooks. It also had third place with Erik Breukink in 1990. It won the Tour team classification in 1988 and 1989. PDM rider Gert-Jan Theunisse was second in the 1988 Tour de France, battling former PDM teammate Pedro Delgado, when he tested positive for testosterone and received a 10-minute penalty.^[1]

The team dropped out of the 1991 Tour de France with reported food poisoning.^[2] Team members and team doctor Wim Sanders said in a TV documentary in 2008^[3] that the cause was careless storage of Intralipid, a nutritional aid with which riders had been injected.^[4] The team continued one more year, after which the sponsor sold the team to Festina.

Doping affair

In November 1997 Cyclingnews.com reported an inquiry in The Netherlands,^[5] which appeared to reveal doping in the PDM team. Wim Sanders, the doctor from 1990 to 1991, was the centre of the investigation, which was initiated when the general manager of the team, Manfred Krikke, called the Fiscal Information and Investigation Service to investigate. It was said Sanders supplied anabolic steroids and EPO to the team and was responsible for the intralipid affair of the 1991 Tour de France.^[5] According to Cyclingnews.com, 1990 was the height of the drug taking in the team and two riders stopped with heart problems;^[5] whether this refers to stopping professional cycling or performance-enhancing drugs was unclear. Gisbers denied knowledge of doping.^[4]

Major results

1986

Overall Vuelta a Andalucía, Steven Rooks

Prologue, Steven Rooks

Stage 2, Wim Arras

Amstel Gold Race, Steven Rooks

GP de Wallonie, Steven Rooks

Stage 2 Tour de Suisse, Gerrie Knetemann

Stage 12 Tour de France, Pedro Delgado

Profronde van Oostvoorne, Gerrie Knetemann

Stage 2a Volta a Catalunya, Wim Arras

Memorial Fred De Bruyne, Wim Arras

Munte Cyclo-cross, Hennie Stamsnijder

Oss Cyclo-cross, Hennie Stamsnijder

Overijse Cyclo-cross, Hennie Stamsnijder

Loenhout Cyclo-cross, Hennie Stamsnijder

1987

National Cyclo-cross Championship, Hennie Stamsnijder

Overall Superprestige Cyclo-cross, Hennie Stamsnijder

Zillebeke Cyclo-cross, Hennie Stamsnijder

Ronde van Limburg, Wim Arras

Sprint classification Setmana Catalana de Ciclismo, Hans Daams

Stages 1b & 3, Wim Arras

Galder Criterium, Adri van der Poel

Made Criterium, Wim Arras

Stage 2 Tour de Suisse, Steven Rooks

Humbeek Road Race, Marc Dierickx

National Road Race Championship, Adri van der Poel

National Road Race Championship, Jörg Müller

Stage 9 Tour de France, Adri van der Poel

Stage 19 Tour de France, Pedro Delgado

Boxmeer Criterium, Adri van der Poel

Profronde van Stiphout, Pedro Delgado

Noordwijk aan Zee Derny, Adri van der Poel

GP du canton d'Argovie, Adri van der Poel

Heusden Individueel, Henri Manders

Profronde van Maastricht, Wim Arras

Dongen Criterium, Peter Stevenhaagen

Anderlues Criterium, Gerrie Knetemann

Wetteren Derny, Peter Hoondert

GP de Fourmies, Adri van der Poel

Stage 6 Volta a Catalunya, Jörg Müller

Paris–Brussels, Wim Arras

Paris–Tours, Adri van der Poel

Giro del Piemonte, Adri van der Poel

Oss Cyclo-cross, Hennie Stamsnijder

Valkenswaard Cyclo-cross, Hennie Stamsnijder

Loenhout Cyclo-cross, Hennie Stamsnijder

1988

National Cyclo-cross Championship, Hennie Stamsnijder

Overijse Cyclo-cross, Hennie Stamsnijder

Stage 5 Vuelta a Andalucía, Adri van der Poel

Overall Étoile de Bessèges, Adri van der Poel

Liège–Bastogne–Liège, Adri van der Poel

Apeldoorn Criterium, Steven Rooks

Mountains classification Tour de France, Steven Rooks

Stage 12, Steven Rooks

Stage 16, Adri van der Poel

Boxmeer Criterium, Gert-Jan Theunisse

Draai van de Kaai, Steven Rooks

Mijl van Mares, Adri van der Poel

Stage 1 Deurne, Steven Rooks

Clásica de San Sebastián, Gert-Jan Theunisse

Regenboogkoers, Gert-Jan Theunisse

Kampioenschap van Zürich, Steven Rooks

Trio Normand, Vincent Barteau

Saint-Pierre Criterium, Adri van der Poel

Oss Cyclo-cross, Hennie Stamsnijder

1989

Overall Superprestige Cyclo-cross, Hennie Stamsnijder

Zillebeke Cyclo-cross, Hennie Stamsnijder

Stage 1 Vuelta a Murcia, Johannes Draaijer

Overall Tour du Vaucluse, Steven Rooks

Liège–Bastogne–Liège, Sean Kelly

Tom Simpson Memorial Grand Prix, Martin Earley

Stage 4 Tour de Trump, Gert-Jan Theunisse

Overall Vuelta a Asturias, Gert-Jan Theunisse

Points classification, Gert-Jan Theunisse

Stage 6a, Gert-Jan Theunisse

Stage 6b, John Vos

Hansweert Criterium, Peter Hoondert

Points classification Tour de France, Sean Kelly

Mountains classification, Gert-Jan Theunisse

Teams classification^[6]

Stage 3, Raúl Alcalá

Stage 8, Martin Earley

Stage 15, Steven Rooks

Stage 17, Gert-Jan Theunisse

Ronse, Sean Kelly

Wateringen, Marc Van Orsouw

Maarheeze, Steven Rooks

Montréal, Jörg Müller

Stage 2b (TTT) Volta a Catalunya^[7]

Mountains classification Tour of Ireland, Sean Kelly

Teams classification^[8]

UCI Road World Cup, Sean Kelly

1990

Stage 5 Étoile de Bessèges, John Van Den Akker

Combination classification Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana, John Vos

Stage 4, Uwe Raab

Stage 5 Vuelta a Murcia, John Van Den Akker

Grote Prijs Berloz, Uwe Raab

Sprint classification Vuelta a España, Uwe Raab

Stage 8, Atle Pedersen

Stages 10, 16 & 22, Uwe Raab

Bavel Criterium, Jos Van Aert

Purnode Criterium, Dirk De Wolf

Overall Tour de Suisse, Sean Kelly

Stage 4, Sean Kelly

Stage 5, Erik Breukink

Stage 10, Uwe Ampler

Stage 7 Tour de France, Raúl Alcalá

Mosselkoers–Houtem–Vilvoorde Ind., Nico Verhoeven

Stages 12 & 20 Tour de France, Erik Breukink

Profronde van Wateringen, Erik Breukink

Draai van de Kaai, Erik Breukink

UCI Road World Championships, Rudy Dhaenens

Tongeren Criterium, Rudy Dhaenens

Stage 7a Volta a Catalunya, Erik Breukink

Grand Prix de la Libération (TTT)^[9]

Aalsmeer Criterium, Gert Jakobs

Beernem Criterium, Rudy Dhaenens

Overall Tour of Ireland, Erik Breukink

Stage 2a, Erik Breukink

Oostrozebeke Criterium, Rudy Dhaenens

1990 UCI Road World Cup Finale, Erik Breukink

Stages 1 & 2 Vuelta y Ruta de Mexico, Nico Verhoeven

1991

Stage 5 Paris–Nice, Jean-Paul van Poppel

Stages 3, 5a & 6 Vuelta a Aragón, Jean-Paul van Poppel

Stage 5b Vuelta a Aragón, Uwe Raab

Stage 5 Vuelta a España, Uwe Raab

Points classification Vuelta a España, Uwe Raab

Stages 6, 9, 13 & 21, Jean-Paul van Poppel

Overall Tour DuPont, Erik Breukink

Prolgoue & Stage 11, Erik Breukink Stage 1 Critérium du Dauphiné, John Talen

Stage 1a Vuelta a los Valles Mineros, John Talen

Stage 4 Vuelta a los Valles Mineros, Harald Maier

National Road Race Championship, Falk Boden

Stage 7 Tour de France, Jean-Paul van Poppel

Profronde van Stiphout, Erik Breukink

Mijl van Mares, Nico Verhoeven

Giro di Lombardia, Sean Kelly

Lieshout Cyclo-cross, Martin Hendriks

Loenhout Cyclo-cross, Nico Verhoeven

1992

Stage 8 Tour Méditerranéen, Jean-Paul van Poppel

Omloop der Vlaamse Ardennen, Nico Verhoeven

Stage 1 Vuelta a Murcia, Jean-Paul van Poppel

Stage 3 Vuelta a Murcia, Nico Verhoeven

Stage 5 Vuelta a Aragón, Danny Nelissen

Stages 3 & 5 Vuelta a España, Jean-Paul van Poppel

Stage 7 Vuelta a España, Erik Breukink

Stage 16 Vuelta a España, Tom Cordes

GP de Wallonie, Danny Nelissen

Ronde van Limburg, Jans Koerts

Stage 1a Vuelta a los Valles Mineros, Uwe Raab

Kelmis–Ostbelgien-rundfahrt, Nico Verhoeven

Stage 10 Tour de France, Jean-Paul van Poppel

Profronde van Wateringen, Erik Breukink

Clásica de San Sebastián, Raúl Alcalá

Profronde van Surhuisterveen, Gert Jakobs

Melsele Road Race, John Talen

Giro del Piemonte, Erik Breukink

Team riders

1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992



















19 Riders
	20 Riders		20 Riders
		21 Riders
				22 Riders	22 Riders
						23 Riders

Notes and References

Web site: Drugs and Tour de France. Association of British Cycling Coaches. 2007-11-11. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20070627210659/http://www.abcc.co.uk/Articles/DrgsTdeF.html. 2007-06-27.
Web site: Illness Forces Breukink out of Tour . International Herald Tribune . 2007-11-11 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20061122034730/http://www.iht.com/articles/1991/07/17/tour.php . November 22, 2006 .
Web site: De bedorven kip van PDM, in Andere Tijden; broadcast on Jan 17, 2008. NOS/VPRO, Dutch public television. 2008-04-01. (in Dutch)
Web site: The Dutch Doping Scandal – Part 3. cyclingnews.com. 2007-11-11.
Web site: Drug Scandal in the Netherlands. cyclingnews.com. 2007-11-11.
The riders on the squad were Sean Kelly, Marc Van Orsouw, Steven Rooks, Gert-Jan Theunisse, Raúl Alcalá, Johannes Draaijer, Jörg Müller & Martin Earley
The riders on the squad were Marc Van Orsouw, Steven Rooks, Gert-Jan Theunisse, Raúl Alcalá, Dag Erik Pedersen & Rudy Dhaenens
The riders on the squad were Raúl Alcalá, Martin Earley, Rudy Dhaenens & Sean Kelly
The riders on the squad were Erik Breukink, Uwe Raab, Uwe Ampler, Sean Kelly & Gert Jakobs