PDGFA explained

Platelet-derived growth factor subunit A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDGFA gene.^{[1] [2]}

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the platelet-derived growth factor family. The four members of this family are mitogenic factors for cells of mesenchymal origin and are characterized by a motif of eight cysteines. This gene product can exist either as a homodimer or as a heterodimer with the platelet-derived growth factor beta polypeptide, where the dimers are connected by disulfide bonds. Studies using knockout mice have shown cellular defects in oligodendrocytes, alveolar smooth muscle cells, and Leydig cells in the testis; knockout mice die either as embryos or shortly after birth. Two splice variants have been identified for this gene.^[3]

Further reading

• Nath K, Gogi R, Khan AA, Hameed S . Vascular hamartoma and vascular tumours of orbit . Indian Journal of Ophthalmology . 25 . 1 . 18–23 . 1978 . 612586 .
• Ishibashi T, Bottaro DP, Chan A, etal . Expression cloning of a human dual-specificity phosphatase . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 89 . 24 . 12170–4 . 1993 . 1281549 . 10.1073/pnas.89.24.12170 . 50720 . free .
• Raines EW, Lane TF, Iruela-Arispe ML, etal . The extracellular glycoprotein SPARC interacts with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AB and -BB and inhibits the binding of PDGF to its receptors . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 89 . 4 . 1281–5 . 1992 . 1311092 . 10.1073/pnas.89.4.1281 . 48433 . 1992PNAS...89.1281R . free .
• Andersson M, Ostman A, Bäckström G, etal . Assignment of interchain disulfide bonds in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and evidence for agonist activity of monomeric PDGF . J. Biol. Chem. . 267 . 16 . 11260–6 . 1992 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)49905-5 . 1317862 . free .
• Rorsman F, Leveen P, Betsholtz C . Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) A-chain mRNA heterogeneity generated by the use of alternative promoters and alternative polyadenylation sites . Growth Factors . 7 . 3 . 241–51 . 1993 . 1360804 . 10.3109/08977199209046928 .
• Wang Z, Lin XH, Qiu QQ, Deuel TF . Modulation of transcription of the platelet-derived growth factor A-chain gene by a promoter region sensitive to S1 nuclease . J. Biol. Chem. . 267 . 24 . 17022–31 . 1992 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)41887-X . 1512241 . free .
• Bonthron D, Collins T, Grzeschik KH, etal . Platelet-derived growth factor A chain: confirmation of localization of PDGFA to chromosome 7p22 and description of an unusual minisatellite . Genomics . 13 . 2 . 257–63 . 1992 . 1612586 . 10.1016/0888-7543(92)90240-S .
• Takimoto Y, Wang ZY, Kobler K, Deuel TF . Promoter region of the human platelet-derived growth factor A-chain gene . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 88 . 5 . 1686–90 . 1991 . 1848007 . 10.1073/pnas.88.5.1686 . 51089 . 1991PNAS...88.1686T . free .
• Fabisiak JP, Evans JN, Absher M, etal . Expression of platelet-derived growth factor A-chain (PDGF-A) mRNA in lung tissue and cells. Complex regulation during remodeling . Chest . 99 . 3 Suppl . 52S–54S . 1991 . 1997274 . 10.1378/chest.99.3_Supplement.52S .
• Mendoza AE, Young R, Orkin SH, Collins T . Increased platelet-derived growth factor A-chain expression in human uterine smooth muscle cells during the physiologic hypertrophy of pregnancy . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 87 . 6 . 2177–81 . 1990 . 2315311 . 10.1073/pnas.87.6.2177 . 53649 . 1990PNAS...87.2177M . free .
• Claesson-Welsh L, Eriksson A, Westermark B, Heldin CH . cDNA cloning and expression of the human A-type platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor establishes structural similarity to the B-type PDGF receptor . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 86 . 13 . 4917–21 . 1989 . 2544881 . 10.1073/pnas.86.13.4917 . 297526 . 1989PNAS...86.4917C . free .
• Rorsman F, Bywater M, Knott TJ, etal . Structural characterization of the human platelet-derived growth factor A-chain cDNA and gene: alternative exon usage predicts two different precursor proteins . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 8 . 2 . 571–7 . 1988 . 2832727 . 10.1128/MCB.8.2.571. 363182 .
• Beckmann MP, Betsholtz C, Heldin CH, etal . Comparison of biological properties and transforming potential of human PDGF-A and PDGF-B chains . Science . 241 . 4871 . 1346–9 . 1988 . 2842868 . 10.1126/science.2842868 . 1988Sci...241.1346B .
• Bonthron DT, Morton CC, Orkin SH, Collins T . Platelet-derived growth factor A chain: gene structure, chromosomal location, and basis for alternative mRNA splicing . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 85 . 5 . 1492–6 . 1988 . 3422746 . 10.1073/pnas.85.5.1492 . 279797 . 1988PNAS...85.1492B . free .
• Tong BD, Auer DE, Jaye M, etal . cDNA clones reveal differences between human glial and endothelial cell platelet-derived growth factor A-chains . Nature . 328 . 6131 . 619–21 . 1987 . 3614363 . 10.1038/328619a0 . 4362771 .
• Collins T, Bonthron DT, Orkin SH . Alternative RNA splicing affects function of encoded platelet-derived growth factor A chain . Nature . 328 . 6131 . 621–4 . 1987 . 3614364 . 10.1038/328621a0 . 4268696 .
• Hoppe J, Schumacher L, Eichner W, Weich HA . The long 3'-untranslated regions of the PDGF-A and -B mRNAs are only distantly related . FEBS Lett. . 223 . 2 . 243–6 . 1987 . 3666150 . 10.1016/0014-5793(87)80297-1 . 46032767 .
• Betsholtz C, Johnsson A, Heldin CH, etal . cDNA sequence and chromosomal localization of human platelet-derived growth factor A-chain and its expression in tumour cell lines . Nature . 320 . 6064 . 695–9 . 1986 . 3754619 . 10.1038/320695a0 . 1986Natur.320..695B . 4281536 .
• Takimoto Y, Li WY, Wang ZY, etal . Nucleotide sequence of the 5' region of the human platelet-derived growth factor A-chain gene . Hiroshima J. Med. Sci. . 42 . 1 . 47–52 . 1993 . 8486521 .

Notes and References

1. Stenman G, Rorsman F, Huebner K, Betsholtz C . The human platelet-derived growth factor alpha chain (PDGFA) gene maps to chromosome 7p22 . Cytogenet Cell Genet . 60 . 3–4 . 206–7 . Sep 1992 . 1505216 . 10.1159/000133337 .
2. Matsui T, Heidaran M, Miki T, Popescu N, La Rochelle W, Kraus M, Pierce J, Aaronson S . Isolation of a novel receptor cDNA establishes the existence of two PDGF receptor genes . Science . 243 . 4892 . 800–4 . Mar 1989 . 2536956 . 10.1126/science.2536956 . 1989Sci...243..800M .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: PDGFA platelet-derived growth factor alpha polypeptide.