PDE6D explained

Retinal rod rhodopsin-sensitive cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit delta is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDE6D gene.^{[1] [2] [3]} PDE6D was originally identified as a fourth subunit of rod cell-specific cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) . The precise function of PDE delta subunit in the rod specific GMP-PDE complex is unclear. In addition, PDE delta subunit is not confined to photoreceptor cells but is widely distributed in different tissues. PDE delta subunit is thought to be a specific soluble transport factor for certain prenylated proteins and Arl2-GTP a regulator of PDE-mediated transport.^[4]

Interactions

PDE6D has been shown to interact with:

• ARL2^{[5] [6]}
• HRAS^[6]
• RAP1A^{[6] [7]}
• Retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator^[8]
• Rnd1^{[6] [7]}

Further reading

• Marzesco AM, Galli T, Louvard D, Zahraoui A . The rod cGMP phosphodiesterase delta subunit dissociates the small GTPase Rab13 from membranes . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 273 . 35 . 22340–5 . Aug 1998 . 9712853 . 10.1074/jbc.273.35.22340 . free .
• Lorenz B, Migliaccio C, Lichtner P, Meyer C, Strom TM, D'Urso M, Becker J, Ciccodicola A, Meitinger T . Cloning and gene structure of the rod cGMP phosphodiesterase delta subunit gene (PDED) in man and mouse . European Journal of Human Genetics . 6 . 3 . 283–90 . 1998 . 9781033 . 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200215 . free .
• Linari M, Ueffing M, Manson F, Wright A, Meitinger T, Becker J . The retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator, RPGR, interacts with the delta subunit of rod cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 96 . 4 . 1315–20 . Feb 1999 . 9990021 . 15460 . 10.1073/pnas.96.4.1315 . 1999PNAS...96.1315L . free .
• Mou H, Grazio HJ, Cook TA, Beavo JA, Cote RH . cGMP binding to noncatalytic sites on mammalian rod photoreceptor phosphodiesterase is regulated by binding of its gamma and delta subunits . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 274 . 26 . 18813–20 . Jun 1999 . 10373499 . 10.1074/jbc.274.26.18813 . free .
• Linari M, Hanzal-Bayer M, Becker J . The delta subunit of rod specific cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase, PDE delta, interacts with the Arf-like protein Arl3 in a GTP specific manner . FEBS Letters . 458 . 1 . 55–9 . Sep 1999 . 10518933 . 10.1016/S0014-5793(99)01117-5 . 23460401 .
• Nancy V, Callebaut I, El Marjou A, de Gunzburg J . The delta subunit of retinal rod cGMP phosphodiesterase regulates the membrane association of Ras and Rap GTPases . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 277 . 17 . 15076–84 . Apr 2002 . 11786539 . 10.1074/jbc.M109983200 . free .
• Hanzal-Bayer M, Renault L, Roversi P, Wittinghofer A, Hillig RC . The complex of Arl2-GTP and PDE delta: from structure to function . The EMBO Journal . 21 . 9 . 2095–106 . May 2002 . 11980706 . 125981 . 10.1093/emboj/21.9.2095 .
• Stelzl U, Worm U, Lalowski M, Haenig C, Brembeck FH, Goehler H, Stroedicke M, Zenkner M, Schoenherr A, Koeppen S, Timm J, Mintzlaff S, Abraham C, Bock N, Kietzmann S, Goedde A, Toksöz E, Droege A, Krobitsch S, Korn B, Birchmeier W, Lehrach H, Wanker EE . A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome . Cell . 122 . 6 . 957–68 . Sep 2005 . 16169070 . 10.1016/j.cell.2005.08.029 . 11858/00-001M-0000-0010-8592-0 . 8235923 . free .
• Wilson SJ, Smyth EM . Internalization and recycling of the human prostacyclin receptor is modulated through its isoprenylation-dependent interaction with the delta subunit of cGMP phosphodiesterase 6 . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 281 . 17 . 11780–6 . Apr 2006 . 16527812 . 10.1074/jbc.M513110200 . free .

Notes and References

1. Ershova G, Derré J, Chételin S, Nancy V, Berger R, Kaplan J, Munnich A, de Gunzburg J . cDNA sequence, genomic organization and mapping of PDE6D, the human gene encoding the delta subunit of the cGMP phosphodiesterase of retinal rod cells to chromosome 2q36 . Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics . 79 . 1–2 . 139–41 . Apr 1998 . 9533031 . 10.1159/000134701 .
2. Li N, Florio SK, Pettenati MJ, Rao PN, Beavo JA, Baehr W . Characterization of human and mouse rod cGMP phosphodiesterase delta subunit (PDE6D) and chromosomal localization of the human gene . Genomics . 49 . 1 . 76–82 . Apr 1998 . 9570951 . 10.1006/geno.1998.5210 .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: PDE6D phosphodiesterase 6D, cGMP-specific, rod, delta.
4. Wittinghofer A, Renault L, Hanzal-bayer M, Roversi P, Hillig RC . The complex of Arl2-GTP and PDE delta: from structure to function . EMBO J. . 21 . 9 . 2095–2106 . 2002 . 11980706 . 10.1093/emboj/21.9.2095 . 125981.
5. Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, Berriz GF, Gibbons FD, Dreze M, Ayivi-Guedehoussou N, Klitgord N, Simon C, Boxem M, Milstein S, Rosenberg J, Goldberg DS, Zhang LV, Wong SL, Franklin G, Li S, Albala JS, Lim J, Fraughton C, Llamosas E, Cevik S, Bex C, Lamesch P, Sikorski RS, Vandenhaute J, Zoghbi HY, Smolyar A, Bosak S, Sequerra R, Doucette-Stamm L, Cusick ME, Hill DE, Roth FP, Vidal M . Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network . Nature . 437 . 7062 . 1173–8 . Oct 2005 . 16189514 . 10.1038/nature04209 . 2005Natur.437.1173R . 4427026 .
6. Hanzal-Bayer M, Renault L, Roversi P, Wittinghofer A, Hillig RC . The complex of Arl2-GTP and PDE delta: from structure to function . The EMBO Journal . 21 . 9 . 2095–106 . May 2002 . 11980706 . 125981 . 10.1093/emboj/21.9.2095 .
7. Nancy V, Callebaut I, El Marjou A, de Gunzburg J . The delta subunit of retinal rod cGMP phosphodiesterase regulates the membrane association of Ras and Rap GTPases . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 277 . 17 . 15076–84 . Apr 2002 . 11786539 . 10.1074/jbc.M109983200 . free .
8. Linari M, Ueffing M, Manson F, Wright A, Meitinger T, Becker J . The retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator, RPGR, interacts with the delta subunit of rod cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 96 . 4 . 1315–20 . Feb 1999 . 9990021 . 15460 . 10.1073/pnas.96.4.1315. 1999PNAS...96.1315L . free .