PCGF1 explained

Polycomb group RING finger protein 1, PCGF1, also known as NSPC1 or RNF68 is a RING finger domain protein that in humans is encoded by the PCGF1 gene.^{[1] [2]}

PCGF1 is a component defining the non-canonical polycomb repressive complex 1.1 (ncPRC1) interacting with RING1A/B, RYBP, BCOR and KDM2B. ^[3] PCGF1-BCOR assembles via the ubiquitin-like RAWUL domain of PCGF1 and is recruited on the chromatin at KDM2B sites.^{[4] [5] [6]} Within the PRC1-like complex, PCGF1 regulates RING1B ubiquitin ligase activity that catalyzes the ubiquitination of Lys119 on histone H2A, ^[7] which then leads to recruitment of PRC2 and H3K27me3 to effectively initiate a polycomb domain and mediate gene repression. ^{[8] [9] [10]}

Further reading

• Valk-Lingbeek ME, Bruggeman SW, van Lohuizen M . Stem cells and cancer; the polycomb connection . Cell . 118 . 4 . 409–18 . August 2004 . 15315754 . 10.1016/j.cell.2004.08.005 . 16542938 . free .
• Gong Y, Yue J, Wu X, Wang X, Wen J, Lu L, Peng X, Qiang B, Yuan J . 6 . NSPc1 is a cell growth regulator that acts as a transcriptional repressor of p21Waf1/Cip1 via the RARE element . Nucleic Acids Research . 34 . 21 . 6158–69 . 2007 . 17088287 . 1693893 . 10.1093/nar/gkl834 .
• Gearhart MD, Corcoran CM, Wamstad JA, Bardwell VJ . Polycomb group and SCF ubiquitin ligases are found in a novel BCOR complex that is recruited to BCL6 targets . Molecular and Cellular Biology . 26 . 18 . 6880–9 . September 2006 . 16943429 . 1592854 . 10.1128/MCB.00630-06 .
• Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, Berriz GF, Gibbons FD, Dreze M, Ayivi-Guedehoussou N, Klitgord N, Simon C, Boxem M, Milstein S, Rosenberg J, Goldberg DS, Zhang LV, Wong SL, Franklin G, Li S, Albala JS, Lim J, Fraughton C, Llamosas E, Cevik S, Bex C, Lamesch P, Sikorski RS, Vandenhaute J, Zoghbi HY, Smolyar A, Bosak S, Sequerra R, Doucette-Stamm L, Cusick ME, Hill DE, Roth FP, Vidal M . 6 . Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network . Nature . 437 . 7062 . 1173–8 . October 2005 . 16189514 . 10.1038/nature04209 . 2005Natur.437.1173R . 4427026 .
• Gong Y, Wang X, Liu J, Shi L, Yin B, Peng X, Qiang B, Yuan J . 6 . NSPc1, a mainly nuclear localized protein of novel PcG family members, has a transcription repression activity related to its PKC phosphorylation site at S183 . FEBS Letters . 579 . 1 . 115–21 . January 2005 . 15620699 . 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.11.056 . 28187618 . free .
• Sugishita H, Kondo T, Ito S, et al . Variant PCGF1-PRC1 links PRC2 recruitment with differentiation-associated transcriptional inactivation at target genes . Nat Commun . 12 . 5341 . September 2021 . 5341 . 34504070. 10.1038/s41467-021-24894-z . 8429492 . 2021NatCo..12.5341S . free .

Notes and References

1. Nunes M, Blanc I, Maes J, Fellous M, Robert B, McElreavey K . NSPc1, a novel mammalian Polycomb gene, is expressed in neural crest-derived structures of the peripheral nervous system . Mechanisms of Development . 102 . 1–2 . 219–22 . April 2001 . 11287196 . 10.1016/S0925-4773(01)00288-X . 8344430 . free .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: PCGF1 polycomb group ring finger 1.
3. Gao Z, Zhang J, Bonasio R, Strino F, Sawai A, Parisi F, Kluger Y, Reinberg D . 6 . PCGF homologs, CBX proteins, and RYBP define functionally distinct PRC1 family complexes . Molecular Cell . 45 . 3 . 344–56 . February 2012 . 22325352 . 3293217 . 10.1016/j.molcel.2012.01.002 .
4. Wong SJ, Gearhart MD, Taylor AB, Nanyes DR, Ha DJ, Robinson AK, Artigas JA, Lee OJ, Demeler B, Hart PJ, Bardwell VJ, Kim CA . 6 . KDM2B Recruitment of the Polycomb Group Complex, PRC1.1, Requires Cooperation between PCGF1 and BCORL1 . Structure . 24 . 10 . 1795–1801 . October 2016 . 27568929 . 5088048 . 10.1016/j.str.2016.07.011 .
5. Junco SE, Wang R, Gaipa JC, Taylor AB, Schirf V, Gearhart MD, Bardwell VJ, Demeler B, Hart PJ, Kim CA . 6 . Structure of the polycomb group protein PCGF1 in complex with BCOR reveals basis for binding selectivity of PCGF homologs . Structure . 21 . 4 . 665–71 . April 2013 . 23523425 . 4003909 . 10.1016/j.str.2013.02.013 .
6. Farcas AM, Blackledge NP, Sudbery I, Long HK, McGouran JF, Rose NR, Lee S, Sims D, Cerase A, Sheahan TW, Koseki H, Brockdorff N, Ponting CP, Kessler BM, Klose RJ . 6 . KDM2B links the Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) to recognition of CpG islands . eLife . 1 . e00205 . December 2012 . 23256043 . 10.7554/eLife.00205 . Struhl K. 3524939 . free .
7. Taherbhoy AM, Huang OW, Cochran AG . BMI1-RING1B is an autoinhibited RING E3 ubiquitin ligase . Nature Communications . 6 . 7621 . July 2015 . 26151332 . 10.1038/ncomms8621 . 2015NatCo...6.7621T . free .
8. Tamburri S, Lavarone E, Fernández-Pérez D, Conway E, Zanotti M, Manganaro D, Pasini D . Histone H2AK119 Mono-Ubiquitination Is Essential for Polycomb-Mediated Transcriptional Repression . Molecular Cell . 77 . 4 . 840–856.e5 . February 2020 . 31883952 . 7033561 . 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.11.021 .
9. Fursova NA, Blackledge NP, Nakayama M, Ito S, Koseki Y, Farcas AM, King HW, Koseki H, Klose RJ . 6 . Synergy between Variant PRC1 Complexes Defines Polycomb-Mediated Gene Repression . Molecular Cell . 74 . 5 . 1020–1036.e8 . June 2019 . 31029541 . 6561741 . 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.03.024 .
10. Blackledge NP, Farcas AM, Kondo T, King HW, McGouran JF, Hanssen LL, Ito S, Cooper S, Kondo K, Koseki Y, Ishikura T, Long HK, Sheahan TW, Brockdorff N, Kessler BM, Koseki H, Klose RJ . 6 . Variant PRC1 complex-dependent H2A ubiquitylation drives PRC2 recruitment and polycomb domain formation . Cell . 157 . 6 . 1445–1459 . June 2014 . 24856970 . 4048464 . 10.1016/j.cell.2014.05.004 .