PCBP1 explained

Poly(rC)-binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PCBP1 gene.^[1]

This intronless gene is thought to have been generated by retrotransposition of a fully processed PCBP-2 mRNA. This gene and PCBP-2 have paralogues (PCBP3 and PCBP4) which are thought to have arisen as a result of duplication events of entire genes. The protein encoded by this gene appears to be multifunctional. It along with PCBP2 and HNRNPK corresponds to the major cellular poly(rC)-binding protein. It contains three K-homologous (KH) domains which may be involved in RNA binding. This encoded protein together with PCBP-2 also functions as translational coactivators of poliovirus RNA via a sequence-specific interaction with stem-loop IV of the IRES and promote poliovirus RNA replication by binding to its 5'-terminal cloverleaf structure.

It has also been implicated in translational control of the 15-lipoxygenase mRNA, human Papillomavirus type 16 L2 mRNA, and hepatitis A virus RNA. The encoded protein is also suggested to play a part in formation of a sequence-specific alpha-globin mRNP complex which is associated with alpha-globin mRNA stability.^[2]

Further reading

• Kiledjian M, Wang X, Liebhaber SA . Identification of two KH domain proteins in the alpha-globin mRNP stability complex. . EMBO J. . 14 . 17 . 4357–64 . 1995 . 7556077 . 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00110.x. 394520 .
• Leffers H, Dejgaard K, Celis JE . Characterisation of two major cellular poly(rC)-binding human proteins, each containing three K-homologous (KH) domains. . Eur. J. Biochem. . 230 . 2 . 447–53 . 1995 . 7607214 . 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.tb20581.x .
• Aasheim HC, Loukianova T, Deggerdal A, Smeland EB . Tissue specific expression and cDNA structure of a human transcript encoding a nucleic acid binding [oligo(dC)] protein related to the pre-mRNA binding protein K. . Nucleic Acids Res. . 22 . 6 . 959–64 . 1994 . 8152927 . 10.1093/nar/22.6.959 . 307915 .
• Blyn LB, Swiderek KM, Richards O, etal . Poly(rC) binding protein 2 binds to stem-loop IV of the poliovirus RNA 5' noncoding region: identification by automated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 93 . 20 . 11115–20 . 1996 . 8855318 . 10.1073/pnas.93.20.11115 . 38293 . 1996PNAS...9311115B . free .
• Kiledjian M, DeMaria CT, Brewer G, Novick K . Identification of AUF1 (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D) as a component of the alpha-globin mRNA stability complex. . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 17 . 8 . 4870–6 . 1997 . 9234743 . 10.1128/MCB.17.8.4870. 232339 .
• Wang Z, Day N, Trifillis P, Kiledjian M . An mRNA stability complex functions with poly(A)-binding protein to stabilize mRNA in vitro. . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 19 . 7 . 4552–60 . 1999 . 10373504 . 10.1128/MCB.19.7.4552. 84253 .
• Makeyev AV, Chkheidze AN, Liebhaber SA . A set of highly conserved RNA-binding proteins, alphaCP-1 and alphaCP-2, implicated in mRNA stabilization, are coexpressed from an intronless gene and its intron-containing paralog. . J. Biol. Chem. . 274 . 35 . 24849–57 . 1999 . 10455157 . 10.1074/jbc.274.35.24849 . free .
• Makeyev AV, Liebhaber SA . Identification of two novel mammalian genes establishes a subfamily of KH-domain RNA-binding proteins. . Genomics . 67 . 3 . 301–16 . 2000 . 10936052 . 10.1006/geno.2000.6244 .
• Suzuki H, Fukunishi Y, Kagawa I, etal . Protein-protein interaction panel using mouse full-length cDNAs. . Genome Res. . 11 . 10 . 1758–65 . 2001 . 11591653 . 10.1101/gr.180101 . 311163 .
• Andersen JS, Lyon CE, Fox AH, etal . Directed proteomic analysis of the human nucleolus. . Curr. Biol. . 12 . 1 . 1–11 . 2002 . 11790298 . 10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00650-9 . 14132033 . free . 2002CBio...12....1A .
• Yeap BB, Voon DC, Vivian JP, etal . Novel binding of HuR and poly(C)-binding protein to a conserved UC-rich motif within the 3'-untranslated region of the androgen receptor messenger RNA. . J. Biol. Chem. . 277 . 30 . 27183–92 . 2002 . 12011088 . 10.1074/jbc.M202883200 . free .
• Walter BL, Parsley TB, Ehrenfeld E, Semler BL . Distinct poly(rC) binding protein KH domain determinants for poliovirus translation initiation and viral RNA replication. . J. Virol. . 76 . 23 . 12008–22 . 2002 . 12414943 . 10.1128/JVI.76.23.12008-12022.2002 . 136902 .
• Giles KM, Daly JM, Beveridge DJ, etal . The 3'-untranslated region of p21WAF1 mRNA is a composite cis-acting sequence bound by RNA-binding proteins from breast cancer cells, including HuR and poly(C)-binding protein. . J. Biol. Chem. . 278 . 5 . 2937–46 . 2003 . 12431987 . 10.1074/jbc.M208439200 . free .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Pickering BM, Mitchell SA, Evans JR, Willis AE . Polypyrimidine tract binding protein and poly r(C) binding protein 1 interact with the BAG-1 IRES and stimulate its activity in vitro and in vivo. . Nucleic Acids Res. . 31 . 2 . 639–46 . 2003 . 12527772 . 10.1093/nar/gkg146 . 140511 .
• Pillai MR, Chacko P, Kesari LA, etal . Expression of folate receptors and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein E1 in women with human papillomavirus mediated transformation of cervical tissue to cancer. . J. Clin. Pathol. . 56 . 8 . 569–74 . 2003 . 12890803 . 10.1136/jcp.56.8.569 . 1770025 .
• Adams DJ, Beveridge DJ, van der Weyden L, etal . HADHB, HuR, and CP1 bind to the distal 3'-untranslated region of human renin mRNA and differentially modulate renin expression. . J. Biol. Chem. . 278 . 45 . 44894–903 . 2004 . 12933794 . 10.1074/jbc.M307782200 . free .
• Evans JR, Mitchell SA, Spriggs KA, etal . Members of the poly (rC) binding protein family stimulate the activity of the c-myc internal ribosome entry segment in vitro and in vivo. . Oncogene . 22 . 39 . 8012–20 . 2003 . 12970749 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1206645 . 24731120 .
• Chkheidze AN, Liebhaber SA . A novel set of nuclear localization signals determine distributions of the alphaCP RNA-binding proteins. . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 23 . 23 . 8405–15 . 2003 . 14612387 . 10.1128/MCB.23.23.8405-8415.2003 . 262676 .

Notes and References

1. Tommerup N, Leffers H . Assignment of human KH-box-containing genes by in situ hybridization: HNRNPK maps to 9q21.32-q21.33, PCBP1 to 2p12-p13, and PCBP2 to 12q13.12-q13.13, distal to FRA12A . Genomics . 32 . 2 . 297–8 . May 1997 . 8833161 . 10.1006/geno.1996.0121 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: PCBP1 poly(rC) binding protein 1.