| PARM 1 | |
| Origin: | Germany |
| Type: | Off-route anti-tank mine |
| Is Explosive: | yes |
| Service: | 1988–present |
| Used By: | Germany, Ukraine |
| Wars: | Russian Invasion of Ukraine |
| Variants: | PARM 2 |
| Detonation: | Fibre-optic crush sensor, or by command |
The PARM 1 (DM12) and its improved version (DM22) is a German off-route mine that fires a fin stabilized rocket. PARM stands for PanzerAbwehrRichtMine, anti-tank directional mine.
The mine was developed in the early 1980s to meet the US MIL-STD-331A and US MIL-STD-810C requirements. Trials of the mine were conducted between March 1983 and March 1988. In June 1988 it was accepted into service with the Bundeswehr, with the Army receiving the first batch of 25,000 between 1991 and 1994. The PARM 2 was a development of PARM 1 incorporating an infrared sensor and an improved rocket.
The German Ministry of Defense signed a contract with TDW in October 2023 to deliver mines to replace those sent to Ukraine, restarting DM22 production for the first time since 1998. 2,600 mines are initially ordered with an option for 10,000 more; the first production qualification batch is planned for 2025, with serial production starting in 2026, and first deliveries planned for 2027.[1] [2]
The PARM 1 is mounted on a small tripod, allowing it to be traversed through 360 degrees, elevated to 90 degrees and depressed to −45 degrees. The mine is manually emplaced and incorporates an arming delay of five minutes. It is detonated by a fibre optic trigger cable, which triggers the mine when it is crushed.
The mine has an effective range of between 2and. The rocket has a velocity of approximately 120m/s, and has a claimed armour penetration of 600mm.The modified DM22 automatically deactivates after 40 days.
1600 DM22 mines were delivered to Ukrainian armed services in early May 2022.[3]
The PARM 2 incorporates an infrared sensor, the SAPIR, which acts to accurately fire the rocket to ranges up to 100m (300feet). The warhead of the PARM 2 has been upgraded, with armour penetration of 750mm and a capability against reactive armour. It can be programmed to be active for between several hours and 30 days.
| Model | PARM 1 | PARM 2 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Length | 640 mm | ? | |
| Height | 391 mm | 300 to 700 mm | |
| Warhead diameter | 132 mm | 110 mm | |
| Weight | 10 kg | 20 kg | |
| Warhead | 1.4 kg | 1.9 kg | |
| Range | 2 to 40 m | 4 to 100 m |