PAM16 explained

Mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit TIM16 also known as presequence translocated-associated motor subunit PAM16, mitochondria-associated granulocyte macrophage CSF-signaling molecule, or presequence translocated-associated motor subunit PAM16 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PAM16 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Structure

The PAM16 gene is located on the p arm of chromosome 16 at position 13.3 and it spans 11,150 base pairs. The PAM16 gene produces a 15.1 kDa protein composed of 137 amino acids.^{[4] [5]} The structure has been found to contain a 21-residue mitochondrial targeting leader sequence.^[6]

Function

The PAM16 gene encodes for a mitochondrial protein with multiple functions. It is responsible for the regulation of ATP-dependent protein translocation into the mitochondrial matrix, inhibition of DNAJC19 stimulation of HSPA9/Mortalin ATPase activity, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) signaling. Furthermore, PAM16 plays a role in the import of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins into the mitochondrial matrix and may be important in reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis.^{[3] [2] [1]}

Clinical Significance

Mutations in the PAM16 gene has been shown to cause mitochondrial deficiencies and associated disorders. It is mainly associated with Megarbane-Dagher-Melike type spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, which is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by pre- and postnatal short stature, developmental delay, dysmorphic facial appearance, narrow chest, prominent abdomen, platyspondyly, short limbs, and other abnormalities of the skeleton.^{[2] [3] [1]}

Interactions

PAM16 has been known to interact with PAM18, DNAJC19, TIMM17A, FEZ1, TRIM25, MARC1, and other proteins.^{[7] [3]}

Further reading

• Tagliati F, Gentilin E, Buratto M, Molè D, degli Uberti EC, Zatelli MC . Magmas, a gene newly identified as overexpressed in human and mouse ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas, protects pituitary cells from apoptotic stimuli . Endocrinology . 151 . 10 . 4635–42 . October 2010 . 20719856 . 10.1210/en.2010-0441 . free .
• Sinha D, Joshi N, Chittoor B, Samji P, D'Silva P . Role of Magmas in protein transport and human mitochondria biogenesis . Human Molecular Genetics . 19 . 7 . 1248–62 . April 2010 . 20053669 . 2838536 . 10.1093/hmg/ddq002 .
• Jubinsky PT, Short MK, Mutema G, Morris RE, Ciraolo GM, Li M . Magmas expression in neoplastic human prostate . Journal of Molecular Histology . 36 . 1–2 . 69–75 . February 2005 . 15704001 . 10.1007/s10735-004-3840-8 . 19453131 .

Notes and References

1. Web site: Entrez Gene: Presequence translocase-associated motor 16 homolog (S. cerevisiae) .
2. Web site: PAM16 - Mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit TIM16 - Homo sapiens (Human) - PAM16 gene & protein. 2018-08-07.
3. UniProt: the universal protein knowledgebase . Nucleic Acids Research . 45 . D1 . D158–D169 . January 2017 . 27899622 . 5210571 . 10.1093/nar/gkw1099 .
4. Zong NC, Li H, Li H, Lam MP, Jimenez RC, Kim CS, Deng N, Kim AK, Choi JH, Zelaya I, Liem D, Meyer D, Odeberg J, Fang C, Lu HJ, Xu T, Weiss J, Duan H, Uhlen M, Yates JR, Apweiler R, Ge J, Hermjakob H, Ping P . Integration of cardiac proteome biology and medicine by a specialized knowledgebase . Circulation Research . 113 . 9 . 1043–53 . October 2013 . 23965338 . 4076475 . 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.301151 .
5. Web site: Mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit TIM16 . Cardiac Organellar Protein Atlas Knowledgebase (COPaKB) . 2018-08-21 . 2018-08-21 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180821223243/https://amino.heartproteome.org/web/protein/I3L0X9 . dead .
6. Jubinsky PT, Messer A, Bender J, Morris RE, Ciraolo GM, Witte DP, Hawley RG, Short MK . Identification and characterization of Magmas, a novel mitochondria-associated protein involved in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor signal transduction . Experimental Hematology . 29 . 12 . 1392–402 . December 2001 . 11750097 . 10.1016/s0301-472x(01)00749-4 . free .
7. Mick DU, Dennerlein S, Wiese H, Reinhold R, Pacheu-Grau D, Lorenzi I, Sasarman F, Weraarpachai W, Shoubridge EA, Warscheid B, Rehling P . MITRAC links mitochondrial protein translocation to respiratory-chain assembly and translational regulation . Cell . 151 . 7 . 1528–41 . December 2012 . 23260140 . 10.1016/j.cell.2012.11.053 . free . 11858/00-001M-0000-000E-DDDF-4 . free .