PADI1 explained

Peptidyl arginine deiminase, type I, also known as PADI1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the PADI1 gene.^[1] ^[2]

This gene encodes a member of the peptidyl arginine deiminase family of enzymes, which catalyze the post-translational deimination of proteins by converting arginine residues into citrullines in the presence of calcium ions. The family members have distinct substrate specificities and tissue-specific expression patterns. The type I enzyme is involved in the late stages of epidermal differentiation, where it deiminates filaggrin and keratin K1, which maintains hydration of the stratum corneum, and hence the cutaneous barrier function. This enzyme may also play a role in hair follicle formation. This gene exists in a cluster with four other paralogous genes.^[1]

Further reading

Vossenaar ER, Zendman AJ, van Venrooij WJ, Pruijn GJ . PAD, a growing family of citrullinating enzymes: genes, features and involvement in disease. . BioEssays . 25 . 11 . 1106–18 . 2004 . 14579251 . 10.1002/bies.10357 . 22194514 .
Chavanas S, Méchin MC, Nachat R, etal . Peptidylarginine deiminases and deimination in biology and pathology: relevance to skin homeostasis. . J. Dermatol. Sci. . 44 . 2 . 63–72 . 2006 . 16973334 . 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2006.07.004 .
Maruyama K, Sugano S . Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides. . Gene . 138 . 1–2 . 171–4 . 1994 . 8125298 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 .
Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, etal . Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library . Gene . 200 . 1–2 . 149–56 . 1997 . 9373149 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 .
Guerrin M, Ishigami A, Méchin MC, etal . cDNA cloning, gene organization and expression analysis of human peptidylarginine deiminase type I . Biochem. J. . 370 . Pt 1 . 167–74 . 2003 . 12416996 . 10.1042/BJ20020870 . 1223146 .
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, etal . Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs . Nat. Genet. . 36 . 1 . 40–5 . 2004 . 14702039 . 10.1038/ng1285 . free .
Chavanas S, Méchin MC, Takahara H, etal . Comparative analysis of the mouse and human peptidylarginine deiminase gene clusters reveals highly conserved non-coding segments and a new human gene, PADI6 . Gene . 330 . 19–27 . 2004 . 15087120 . 10.1016/j.gene.2003.12.038 .
Iida A, Nakamura Y . Identification of 45 novel SNPs in the 83-kb region containing peptidylarginine deiminase types 1 and 3 loci on chromosomal band 1p36.13 . J. Hum. Genet. . 49 . 7 . 387–90 . 2004 . 15150696 . 10.1007/s10038-004-0156-1 . free .
Nachat R, Méchin MC, Takahara H, etal . Peptidylarginine deiminase isoforms 1-3 are expressed in the epidermis and involved in the deimination of K1 and filaggrin . J. Invest. Dermatol. . 124 . 2 . 384–93 . 2005 . 15675958 . 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.23568.x . free .
Méchin MC, Enji M, Nachat R, etal . The peptidylarginine deiminases expressed in human epidermis differ in their substrate specificities and subcellular locations . Cell. Mol. Life Sci. . 62 . 17 . 1984–95 . 2005 . 16091842 . 10.1007/s00018-005-5196-y . 23610590 . 11139075 .
Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, etal . The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1 . Nature . 441 . 7091 . 315–21 . 2006 . 16710414 . 10.1038/nature04727 . 2006Natur.441..315G . free .

Notes and References

Web site: Entrez Gene: PADI1 peptidyl arginine deiminase, type I.
Guerrin M, Ishigami A, Méchin MC, Nachat R, Valmary S, Sebbag M, Simon M, Senshu T, Serre G . cDNA cloning, gene organization and expression analysis of human peptidylarginine deiminase type I . The Biochemical Journal . 370 . Pt 1 . 167–74 . February 2003 . 12416996 . 1223146 . 10.1042/BJ20020870 .