PACRG explained

Parkin coregulated gene protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PACRG gene.^{[1] [2]}

This gene encodes a protein that is conserved across metazoans. In vertebrates, this gene is linked in a head-to-head arrangement with the adjacent parkin gene, which is associated with autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson's disease. These genes are co-regulated in various tissues and they share a bi-directional promoter. Both genes are associated with susceptibility to leprosy. The parkin co-regulated gene protein forms a large molecular complex with chaperones, including heat shock proteins 70 and 90, and chaperonin components. This protein is also a component of Lewy bodies in Parkinson's disease patients, and it suppresses unfolded Pael receptor-induced neuronal cell death. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Further reading

• Schurr E, Alcaïs A, de Léséleuc L, Abel L . Genetic predisposition to leprosy: A major gene reveals novel pathways of immunity to Mycobacterium leprae . Seminars in Immunology. 18 . 6 . 404–10 . 2006 . 16973374 . 10.1016/j.smim.2006.07.005 .
• Venter JC . The sequence of the human genome . Science. 291 . 5507 . 1304–51 . 2001 . 11181995 . 10.1126/science.1058040 . Adams MD . Myers EW . Li . PW . Mural . RJ . Sutton . GG . Smith . HO . Yandell . M . Evans . CA . 2001Sci...291.1304V .
• Strausberg RL . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . Feingold EA . Grouse LH . Derge . JG . Klausner . RD . Collins . FS . Wagner . L . Shenmen . CM . Schuler . GD . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Mira MT . Chromosome 6q25 is linked to susceptibility to leprosy in a Vietnamese population . Nature Genetics. 33 . 3 . 412–5 . 2003 . 12577057 . 10.1038/ng1096 . Alcaïs A . Van Thuc N . Thai . Vu Hong . Huong . Nguyen Thu . Ba . Nguyen Ngoc . Verner . Andrei . Hudson . Thomas J. . Abel . Laurent . 35810055 .
• Imai Y . A product of the human gene adjacent to parkin is a component of Lewy bodies and suppresses Pael receptor-induced cell death . Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 . 51 . 51901–10 . 2004 . 14532270 . 10.1074/jbc.M309655200 . Soda M . Murakami T . Shoji . M . Abe . K . Takahashi . R . free.
• Mungall AJ . The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6 . Nature. 425 . 6960 . 805–11 . 2003 . 14574404 . 10.1038/nature02055 . Palmer SA . Sims SK . Edwards . C. A. . Ashurst . J. L. . Wilming . L. . Jones . M. C. . Horton . R. . Hunt . S. E. . 2003Natur.425..805M . free .
• Ota T . Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs . Nature Genetics. 36 . 1 . 40–5 . 2004 . 14702039 . 10.1038/ng1285 . Suzuki Y . Nishikawa T . Otsuki . Tetsuji . Sugiyama . Tomoyasu . Irie . Ryotaro . Wakamatsu . Ai . Hayashi . Koji . Sato . Hiroyuki . free .
• Mira MT . Susceptibility to leprosy is associated with PARK2 and PACRG . Nature. 427 . 6975 . 636–40 . 2004 . 14737177 . 10.1038/nature02326 . Alcaïs A . Nguyen VT . Moraes . Milton O. . Di Flumeri . Celestino . Hong Thai . Vu . Chi Phuong . Mai . Thu Huong . Nguyen . Ngoc Ba . Nguyen . 2004Natur.427..636M . 4344440 .
• Lockhart PJ, O'Farrell CA, Farrer MJ . It's a double knock-out! The quaking mouse is a spontaneous deletion of parkin and parkin co-regulated gene (PACRG) . Movement Disorders. 19 . 1 . 101–4 . 2004 . 14743368 . 10.1002/mds.20000 . 540212 .
• Buschman E, Skamene E . Linkage of leprosy susceptibility to Parkinson's disease genes . International Journal of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases. 72 . 2 . 169–70 . 2004 . 15301585 . 10.1489/1544-581X(2004)072<0169:LOLSTP>2.0.CO;2 . 2024-04-08 . 43103579 . 1544-581X .
• Gerhard DS . The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Research. 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 . Wagner L . Feingold EA . Shenmen . CM . Grouse . LH . Schuler . G . Klein . SL . Old . S . Rasooly . R .
• Deng H . Genetic analysis of parkin co-regulated gene (PACRG) in patients with early-onset parkinsonism . Neuroscience Letters. 382 . 3 . 297–9 . 2005 . 15925106 . 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.03.034 . Le WD . Xie WJ . Pan . Tian-Hong . Zhang . Xiong . Jankovic . Joseph . 28541531 .
• Agirre X . Abnormal methylation of the common PARK2 and PACRG promoter is associated with downregulation of gene expression in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia . International Journal of Cancer. 118 . 8 . 1945–53 . 2006 . 16287063 . 10.1002/ijc.21584 . Román-Gómez J . Vázquez I . Jiménez-Velasco . Antonio . Garate . Leire . Montiel-Duarte . Cristina . Artieda . Paula . Cordeu . Lucia . Lahortiga . Idoya . 13254869 . free .
• Malhotra D . Association study of major risk single nucleotide polymorphisms in the common regulatory region of PARK2 and PACRG genes with leprosy in an Indian population . European Journal of Human Genetics. 14 . 4 . 438–42 . 2006. 16391553 . 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201563 . Darvishi K . Lohra M . Kumar . Himanshu . Grover . Chander . Sood . Soni . Reddy . Belum S N . Bamezai . Ramesh N K . free .
• Lesage S . Deletion of the parkin and PACRG gene promoter in early-onset parkinsonism . Human Mutation. 28 . 1 . 27–32 . 2007 . 17068781 . 10.1002/humu.20436 . Magali P . Lohmann E . Lacomblez . Lucette . Teive . Helio . Janin . Sabine . Cousin . Pierre-Yves . Dürr . Alexandra . Brice . Alexis . 41107588 . free .
• Taylor JM . Parkin Co-Regulated Gene (PACRG) is regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasomal system and is present in the pathological features of Parkinsonian diseases . Neurobiology of Disease. 27 . 2 . 238–47 . 2007 . 17590346 . 10.1016/j.nbd.2007.04.014 . Song YJ . Huang Y . Farrer . Matthew J. . Delatycki . Martin B. . Halliday . Glenda M. . Lockhart . Paul J. . 37510774 .
• Udina IG . [Study of the polymorphic markers--the PARK2 and PACRG genes due to the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in two districts of the Republic of Tyva] . Problemy Tuberkuleza I Bolezneĭ Legkikh. 7 . 27–9 . 2007 . 17722288 . Kordicheva SIu . Pospelov LE . Malenko . AF . Gergert . VIa . Pospelov . AL . Matrashkin . AG . Kyzyl-Ool . MM . Nachin . AA .

Notes and References

1. West AB, Lockhart PJ, O'Farell C, Farrer MJ . Identification of a novel gene linked to parkin via a bi-directional promoter . Journal of Molecular Biology. 326 . 1 . 11–9 . Jan 2003 . 12547187 . 10.1016/S0022-2836(02)01376-1 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: PACRG PARK2 co-regulated.