Port Authority Bus Terminal Explained

Port Authority Bus Terminal
Address:625 8th Avenue
Borough:New York City, New York
Country:United States
Bus Stands:223
Connections: New York City Subway:
at
at Times Square–42nd Street
New York City Bus:
Levels:9
Bus Operators:See Companies below
Bus Routes: New Jersey Transit Bus:
Parking:1,250 spaces
Opened:December 15, 1950
Rebuilt:1963 (parking decks)
1979 (annex)
2007 (seismic retrofit)
Owned:Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Mapframe:yes
Mapframe-Zoom:14
Web:PABT

The Port Authority Bus Terminal (colloquially known as the Port Authority and by its acronym PABT) is a bus terminal located in Manhattan in New York City. It is the busiest bus terminal in the world by volume of traffic,[1] serving about 8,000 buses and 225,000 people on an average weekday and more than 65 million people a year.

The terminal is located in Midtown Manhattan at 625 Eighth Avenue between 40th Street and 42nd Street, one block east of the Lincoln Tunnel and one block west of Times Square. It is one of three bus terminals operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ); the other two are George Washington Bridge Bus Station in Upper Manhattan and Journal Square Transportation Center in Jersey City.

PABT serves as a terminus and departure point for commuter routes as well as for long-distance intercity bus service and is a major transit hub for residents of New Jersey. It has 223 departure gates and 1,250 car parking spaces, as well as commercial and retail space.[2] In 2011, there were more than 2.263 million bus departures from the terminal.[3]

Opened in 1950, the terminal was built to consolidate several private terminals spread across Midtown Manhattan. A second wing, extending to 42nd Street, was added in 1979. Since then, the terminal has reached peak hour capacity, leading to congestion and overflow on local streets. It does not allow for layover parking; as such, buses must either use local streets and parking lots or deadhead through the tunnel. PANYNJ has been unsuccessful in its attempts to expand passenger facilities through public private partnership, and in 2011 it delayed construction of a bus depot annex, citing budgetary constraints. After considering several plans to relocate the terminal, the PANYNJ released plans in 2021 to reconstruct the terminal on the same site, with layover facilities.

History

Before PABT was constructed, there were several terminals scattered throughout Midtown Manhattan,[4] some of which were part of hotels. The Federal Writers Project's 1940 publication of New York: A Guide to the Empire State lists the All American Bus Depot on West 42nd, the Consolidated Bus Terminal on West 41st, and the Hotel Astor Bus Terminal on West 45th.[5] The Dixie Bus Center on 42nd Street, located on the ground floor of the Dixie Hotel, opened in 1930 and operated until 1959.[6]

The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad had coach service aboard a ferry to Communipaw Terminal in Jersey City that ran from an elegant bus terminal with a revolving bus platform in the Chanin Building at 42nd and Lexington. Greyhound Lines had its own facility adjacent to Pennsylvania Station and did not move into the Port Authority Bus Terminal until May 1963,[7] at which time all long-distance bus service to the city was consolidated at the terminal.

Development

Planning

The Lincoln Tunnel between Manhattan and New Jersey opened in 1937. Within a year and a half of the tunnel's opening, five companies were operating 600 interstate bus trips through the tunnel every day.[8] The city opposed letting buses go through Midtown Manhattan because they caused congestion.[9] A large bus terminal near the mouth of the Lincoln Tunnel was first mandated in December 1939, after the city announced that it would ban commuter buses from driving into congested parts of Midtown. The ban was supposed to go into effect in January 1941,[10] but New York Supreme Court Justice John E. McGeehan blocked La Guardia's proposed bus ban on the grounds that it was unreasonable.[11]

In July 1940, at the request of New York City mayor Fiorello H. La Guardia, the Port of New York Authority started conducting a survey into the causes and effects of intercity and commuter bus traffic in Manhattan.[12] That December, Times Square Terminal Inc. filed an application to build and operate a commuter bus terminal from 41st to 42nd Streets between Eighth and Ninth Avenues, adjacent to the McGraw-Hill Building on land owned by the McGraw-Hill Publishing Company. According to projections at the time, the $4 million terminal could be completed within nine months.[13] Manhattan Borough President Stanley M. Isaacs proposed building a short $600,000 tube between the Lincoln Tunnel and the new terminal.[14] The city approved the construction of the new terminal and connecting tunnel in January 1941.[15]

Plans for a bus terminal were delayed because of World War II, which diverted resources from most projects that were not directly involved in the war effort. In June 1944, the New York state government allocated $180,000 to the Port of New York Authority for studying the feasibility of constructing a bus terminal in Midtown Manhattan.[16] Early the next year, plans for a mid-Manhattan bus terminal were presented to the different bus companies.[17] While most major bus lines agreed to the plan, Greyhound was already planning on expanding its then terminal near Penn Station.[18] Greyhound initially opposed the terminal but withdrew its opposition in late 1947.[19]

Construction

The New York City Board of Estimate approved the construction of the new terminal in January 1947.[20] The terminal was to be built one block south of the aborted Times Square Terminal Inc. site, on the block bounded by 40th and 41st Streets and Eighth and Ninth Avenues.[21] The Port of New York Authority began acquiring land for the terminal two months later.[22] [23] To finance the terminal's construction, the agency issued $16.3 million in bonds in July 1947.[24] [25] Plans for the structural design were revised substantially in March 1948, when the Port of New York Authority added a 500-spot parking lot on the terminal's roof, to be accessed via a series of ramps.[26] The last industrial tenant on the future terminal's site moved away the following month,[27] and the agency began relocating the first of 450 displaced families in November 1948.[28]

Walter McQuade designed the terminal, with Vincent Marchesani as the assistant architect. The Port of New York Authority hosted a groundbreaking ceremony for the terminal on January 27, 1949,[29] [30] at which point half of the site had been cleared.[31] At the same time, the agency began soliciting bids from concessionaires for the terminal's 50 stores. By the middle of the year, the agency had received 500 bids from concessionaires.[32] The first steel beams for the new bus terminal were installed in November 1949,[33] [34] and Turner Construction received a contract the next month to build the terminal's superstructure for approximately $9.2 million.[35] [36] The steel framework for the new terminal topped out during March 1950.[37] The terminal's construction was delayed slightly by a labor strike in the middle of that year.[38] Despite this, the terminal was substantially complete by November 1, 1950. The project had employed 1,055 men and used 1.53 million bricks and of concrete.[39]

Original terminal

The original Mid-Manhattan Bus Terminal (now PABT's South Wing), built in the International Style, was opened on December 15, 1950.[40] [41] The four-story terminal measured 200by and was tall, with a 500-space parking lot and 50 stores. The ground level contained 40 slips for long-haul buses, as well as an auxiliary platform with space for 15 more buses. The second level was the main concourse and contained ticket offices, waiting rooms, baggage check, restaurants, shops, a 300-seat newsreel theater, and escalators to other levels. The third story was the suburban concourse, which was divided into three sections and contained 72 loading slips and 15 unloading slips. The fourth story was for short-haul buses.[42] A system of pipes was embedded into the reinforced-concrete ramps leading to the terminal, keeping the ramps free of ice.[43] The Port of New York Authority had also proposed a heliport on the roof during the terminal's construction,[44] [45] and the agency had authorized the construction of a ramp to the 42nd Street and Eighth Avenue subway station just before the terminal opened.[46]

During its first year, the Port Authority Bus Terminal accommodated 40 million passengers; the terminal's construction was credited with diverting 5,000 buses per day from street-level bus stops.[47] The terminal had replaced a series of coffee shops frequented by the elderly; after the coffee shops had been demolished, patrons of these establishments began meeting at the terminal instead.[48] The terminal's rooftop garage was initially mostly empty,[49] [50] prompting the garage's operators to allow trucks to park there.[51] By mid-1951, the garage was frequently fully occupied and was profitable.[50] In the terminal's early years, the Port of New York Authority constantly cleaned the terminal, scrubbing the floor every night.[52] Despite the large numbers of passengers who used the terminal, it recorded a net loss during its first five years, in part due to high operating expenses, debt charges, and interest costs.[53]

Expansions and modifications

First expansion

In September 1959, the Port of New York Authority announced that it would spend $19 million to increase the bus terminal's capacity by 50 percent. The plans involved converting the existing parking lot atop the building with 25 spaces for long-haul buses and 32 spaces for short-haul buses.[54] [55] In addition, a 1,000-space parking lot would be built above the existing roof.[56] That December, the Port of New York Authority approved $24 million for the expansion of the terminal and for the widening of several ramps leading from the terminal to the Lincoln Tunnel.[57] Construction of the expansion took place during off-peak hours to minimize disruptions to bus service.[58] As part of an experiment in 1960, the Port of New York Authority installed a canopy above one of the loading slips to shield commuters from buses' emissions.[59] The first of 30 "legs" supporting the new parking lot were installed in November 1960,[60] and the existing parking lot was closed the following March.[61]

The expansion topped out in June 1961, and a bridge connecting the expanded terminal with the Lincoln Tunnel was installed two months later.[62] The Port of New York Authority sold $25 million in bonds for the expansions of the Port Authority Bus Terminal and George Washington Bridge in January 1962.[63] The new ramps to the Lincoln Tunnel were finished the next month.[64] The first 300 spaces in the new parking lot opened in April 1962,[65] and the rest of the parking lot was opened in stages over the next two months.[66] The new loading slips were opened in several stages and were in full operation by April 1963.[67]

Decline

As early as the mid-1960s, the Port Authority Bus Terminal had gained a reputation as a "derelict's haven", especially at night, when dozens of homeless persons slept in the terminal.[68] Following a New York Times report about the large homeless populations in the terminal, the PANYNJ began stationing additional officers there in January 1967 to deter homeless people from sleeping there.[69] The PANYNJ also added a CCTV system in 1966 in an attempt to reduce crime.[70] The New York Times reported in 1969 that hustlers frequently harassed the terminal's passengers; at the time, the Port Authority Police Department arrested 130 people per month.[71]

By the early 1970s, the PANYNJ had redecorated some of the terminal's spaces, adding glass enclosures and rubber trees in an attempt to discourage loiterers.[72] The PANYNJ also built a coffeehouse in late 1971 for elderly residents of the area who frequented the terminal,[73] and the New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission installed a taxi-dispatch system at the terminal in 1972.[74] Meanwhile, the terminal still accommodated an average of 250,000 passengers daily by 1975,[75] even as the number of buses traveling to the terminal had started to decline in 1968.[76] Hustlers, pimps, prostitutes, alcoholics, and the homeless still frequented the terminal, which also attracted runaway youth from other cities. The Port Authority Bus Terminal also recorded hundreds of crimes every year by the late 1970s; this was attributed in part to the "lonely and derelict" in the neighborhood.[77]

In March 1975, a federal judge ruled that the PANYNJ "was not competent to" allocate loading space to the bus companies that used the terminal, since the agency had never properly studied traffic patterns at the terminal. The PANYNJ subsequently conducted a study of the terminal's traffic, finding that the terminal handled between 750 and 800 buses during a typical morning, which carried a total of 35,000 passengers.[78] The Interstate Commerce Commission began investigating overcrowding at the terminal that March after receiving numerous commuter complaints that the PANYNJ and bus operators had "failed to provide safe and adequate service".[79] After the PANYNJ announced the next month that it would build an annex north of the original terminal,[80] the ICC canceled a public hearing for its overcrowding investigation.[81] One of the operators using the terminal, Trailways, began a rent strike in 1977, complaining that the terminal was dilapidated and that rent at the terminal was far too high. Trailways quickly ended its rent strike under threat of eviction,[82] but the company criticized the terminal's safety after two people were killed there in mid-1978.[83]

Northern annex

Private developer Irving Maidman had proposed erecting a second bus terminal just north of the existing terminal in 1956.[84] The PANYNJ first considered expanding the bus station northward to 42nd Street as early as January 1965;[85] the New York City Planning Commission endorsed the plan, which was not carried out at that time.[86] The PANYNJ announced plans in 1970 to expand its terminal northward and build an office tower above the north annex.[87] [88] The annex would have cost $80 million, while the skyscraper above it would have cost $50 million. PANYNJ officials hoped the new annex would alleviate traffic on Eighth Avenue, which was frequently congested because of double-parking taxis.[89] Plans for the annex were delayed for several years because of disputes between the PANYNJ and the bus companies using the terminal. The PANYNJ claimed that the bus companies had refused to pay higher fees, but unnamed sources affiliated with the bus companies said the construction of the World Trade Center had used up the agency's money.[90]

The expansion was delayed until May 1975, when PANYNJ chairman William J. Ronan announced that the expansion would begin that September at a cost of $137.5 million. The project was to involve the replacement of the original terminal's curved facade with a glass curtain wall; the construction of a new wing with four above-ground concourses and one basement; improved access to the subway; and a tunnel connecting with the Lincoln Tunnel.[91] The project also included replacing existing escalators.[92] To raise money for the annex, the PANYNJ raised tolls by 50 percent on six bridges and tunnels that it operated between New York and New Jersey.[93] [94] That August, the PANYNJ allocated another $22 million for the terminal's renovation.[95] [96] The additional funds were earmarked for renovating the main concourse, erecting glass enclosures around 24 platforms, adding entrances on Ninth Avenue, refurbishing the restrooms, and replacing the air-conditioning system.

Although bus traffic continued to decline during the late 1970s, the PANYNJ still wished to build the annex to alleviate congestion at the existing terminal. The facility handled 7,000 buses per day in 1977; as such, during rush hours, buses had seven minutes to unload and load all passengers.[97] The North Wing was opened in 1979.[98] This expansion increased capacity by 50 percent and included a new facade comprising 27 steel X-shaped trusses.[99] [100] Assessing the facade design in 2008, Virtualtourist listed the terminal as one of the "World's Top 10 Ugliest Buildings and Monuments".[101] The northern annex included 50 loading slips, with space for another 25 slips, as well as a 15-wideNaN-wide arcade recessed from the 42nd Street and Eighth Avenue facades.

Later years

In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the public considered the area around Times Square, including PABT, to be dangerous. In an attempt to alleviate fears of crime, the PANYNJ turned on some lights that had been switched off to save energy; cleaned the city-maintained sidewalk outside the terminal; and created designated zones for hustlers and advocacy groups. Crime increased after the north wing was completed, with 2,800 crimes being reported in 1979 and 3,300 crimes in 1983.[102]

During 1997, the terminal was the subject of a study, coordinated by Professor Marcus Felson of Rutgers University, which identified strategic changes to the building's design and area supervision with a view to reducing crime and other problems.[103] In 2007, the South Wing underwent a seismic retrofit in a $52 million building code-compliance project to reinforce and stabilize it against earthquakes.[104] In addition, architecture firm PKSB Architects was hired in 1995 to design a titanium facade, a canopy above the entrance, and stainless steel cladding around the terminal's ramps and bridges. That project was completed in 2008.[105]

Further expansion proposals

Air rights

The PANYNJ has attempted to further expand the terminal through public–private partnerships by leasing air rights over the North Wing. In 1999, a 35-story building, to be known as 7 Times Square, was proposed to be constructed over the North Wing and a golf driving range was to be constructed over the South Wing.[106] However, the project was put on hold in 2001 due to a decline in the economy following the dot com bust.[107]

Between 2000 and 2011, the PANYNJ worked with Vornado Realty Trust, which had partnered with the Lawrence Ruben Company.[108] Plans for the tower were revived in April 2007.[107] That November, the PANYNJ announced the terms of an agreement in which it would receive nearly $500 million in a lease arrangement for a new office tower that would also provide funds for additional terminal facilities.[109] The new tower would include 1.3e6sqft of commercial space in a new office tower, which was to use the vanity address 20 Times Square, the addition of 60000square feet of new retail space in the bus terminal, as well as 18 additional departure gates, accommodating 70 additional buses carrying up to 3,000 passengers per hour. New escalators would be installed to help move passengers more quickly between the gate area and the ground floor. Construction was expected to begin in 2009 or 2010, and take four years to complete.[110] [111] After an architectural competition, the PANYNJ selected the design by Pritzker Prize-winning architect Richard Rogers from Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners for a 45-story office tower with an overall height of 855feet.[112] [113] [114] The agreement expired in August 2009,[115] and in May 2010, Vornado was given a retroactive extension on the deadline to August 2011.[116] In July 2011, Vornado announced they had found a new partner to partially finance the tower, but in November 2011, the new backers pulled out of the project.[117]

In June 2014, the PANYNJ received a higher price than anticipated for the sale of nearby property, $115 million versus $100 million. The value of air rights above the terminal would be higher than previously appraised, thanks to rising property values in the area surrounding the terminal and an indication of the rising value air rights above the terminal.[118] The agency had intentions to release a request for proposals for air-rights development in 2014–2015.[119]

West Side bus depot

The Port Authority allows for limited layovers of buses, thus requiring companies to make other arrangements during off-peak hours and between trips. Many park on local streets or parking lots during the day, while others make a round-trip without passengers through the Lincoln Tunnel to use layover facilities in New Jersey. Bus layover parking on city streets is regulated by the NYDOT, which assigns locations throughout the city. In the vicinity of PABT, these are concentrated on the side streets between Ninth and Twelfth Avenues from 30th Street to 60th Street.[120]

Various studies and news reports have concluded that there is a need for a new bus depot in Midtown.[121] [122] [123] [124] In a joint study by New York City and PANYNJ, it was determined that a preferred location for a bus depot was at Galvin Plaza located on 39th to 40th Streets between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues. However, this proposed location for commuter buses would not have capacity for charter buses and tour buses.[121]

The PANYNJ announced considerable toll increases on its crossings between New York and New Jersey in August 2011, citing as one of their reasons the construction of an $800 million "new bus garage connected to the Port Authority Bus Terminal, which will serve as a traffic reliever to the Lincoln Tunnel and midtown Manhattan streets, saving two-thirds of the empty bus trips that must make two extra trips through the tunnel each day."[125] Originally included in the PANYNJ 2007–2016 Capital Plan,[126] construction of the garage was scrapped by the agency in October 2011, after it cited budgetary constraints due to an arrangement whereby the toll increases would be incrementally implemented.[127]

In April 2012, the director of the PANYNJ reported that a proposal had been made by developer Larry Silverstein, who has a memorandum of understanding to develop a property at 39th Street and Dyer Avenue near the ramps between the tunnel and the terminal, to construct a bus garage with a residential tower above it.[128] [129] This parcel is not large enough to accommodate bus ramps and would require the use of elevators, which seemed to be a new type of application for bus storage.[130] The proposal has not progressed any further.

In 2014, the PANYNJ made an application for a $230 million grant to the Federal Transit Administration for development of the garage.[119]

Replacement proposals

In June 2013, the PANYNJ commissioned an 18-month study that was to consider reconfiguration, expansion, and replacement options for PABT and new bus staging and storage facilities on Manhattan's West Side.[131] The $5.5 million contract awarded to Kohn Pedersen Fox and Parsons Brinckerhoff would look into potential public-private financing, including the sale of air rights and cost-sharing with private bus carriers.[132] [133] [134]

In 2016, the PANYNJ invited a number of development teams to propose ideas for replacement of the existing bus terminal.[135] Subsequently, in May 2019, the PANYNJ commenced the environmental review process for PABT's replacement. The PANYNJ planned to host four public hearings, two each in New York and New Jersey, in July and September 2019.[136] [137] Three plans were considered: building a new terminal on the site, building a new terminal elsewhere, or moving intercity buses elsewhere while renovations took place in the existing terminal.[138] In anticipation of opportunities that reconstruction of the bus terminal will portend, the Hell's Kitchen South Coalition produced its own plan for the area.[139]

In January 2021, the PANYNJ released plans for reconstructing the terminal on the same site, with expansion of bus layover facilities.[140] The PANYNJ hired architects Boston-based Foster + Partners and Chicago-based design and engineering firm Epstein Global in August 2022 to design the new terminal,[141] [142] and $65 million was allocated to the project the next year.[143] In January 2024, the Federal Transit Administration approved a draft environmental impact report for the replacement terminal.[144] [145] The PANYNJ announced revised plans for the terminal the same month, which called for of parks, a glass atrium, and a main entrance on 41st Street. The plans also called for two office buildings of at least 60 stories on 40th and 42nd streers.[146] At the time, the new terminal was planned to cost $10 billion; new ramps to the terminal were to be completed by 2028, while the terminal itself was planned to be finished by 2032.[144]

Art and advertising

The Commuters, a sculpture of three weary bus passengers and a clock salvaged from the original terminal by George Segal, was unveiled in the main ticket area in 1982.[147] 42nd Street Ballroom, a rolling ball sculpture by George Rhoads on the main floor of the North Wing, was installed in 1983.[148] A statue of Jackie Gleason in the guise of one of his most famous characters, the bus driver Ralph Kramden, stands in front of the main entrance to the original South Wing. The plaque reads, "Jackie Gleason as Ralph Kramden - Bus Driver - Raccoon Lodge Treasurer - Dreamer - Presented by the People of TV Land".[149]

Triple Bridge Gateway, completed in 2009, is an art installation by Leni Schwendinger Light Projects, underneath the ramps connecting the tunnel and the terminal; it is part of the transformation of the Ninth Avenue entrance of the South Wing.[150] [151] [152]

In July 2011, PABT became home to the world's largest mediamesh, a stainless steel fabric embedded with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for various types of media, art, and advertising imagery. The LED imagery façade covers, and wraps around the corner of 42nd Street and Eighth Avenue.[153] [154]

Configuration

Information and ticketing

For many years there was no timetable board displaying departures at PABT; passengers were required to inquire at information booths or ticket counters for schedules and departure gates. In 2015, both the Port Authority and NJ Transit installed screens listing upcoming scheduled departures, though buses are not tracked so delays are not communicated via this method.

Tickets can be purchased on the main level (ground floor) of the South Wing at the main ticket plaza; Greyhound, Trailways and Short Line have additional ticket counters in the terminal.

New Jersey Transit (NJT) maintains a customer service counter at the terminal on the south wing main level (open weekdays).[155] NJT has ticket vending machines (TVM) throughout the terminal. Effective in 2009, passengers boarding NJT buses are required to purchase a ticket before boarding.[156] In April 2012, NJT began re-equipping machines that would give change for those paying cash with bills rather than $1 coins.[157] NJT also accepts contactless payment systems (such as Apple Pay and Google Pay) at TVMs, NJT's mobile app, and ticket windows.[158]

Gates

There are 223 departure gates of either saw-tooth (pull-in) or island platform (pull-through) design at PABT.[103] At the Subway Level, or lower level of both wings, Gates 1-85 are predominantly used for long-distance travel, including buses to Canada, and jitneys, and during overnight hours (1 a.m. to 6 a.m.) for commuter lines. From 6 a.m. to 1 a.m., during the hours of normal operation, Gates 200–425, numbered to indicate the different boarding areas (100, 200, 300, etc.) within the complex are accessible from the 2nd floor and serve short-haul commuter lines.[159] The third and fourth floors are respectively known as the 300 and 400 levels.[160] Most NJ Transit routes and New Jersey private carrier commuter routes are on the 200, 300, and 400 levels.

Retail and entertainment

Like other transit hubs, PABT has undergone a series of renovations to create a mall-like sphere to promote its retail, food, entertainment, and services spaces.[161] [162] There are numerous franchise stores, such as Heartland Brewery, Au Bon Pain, Jamba Juice, Starbucks, Hudson News, Duane Reade, GNC, plus a United States Postal Service branch station, as well as a variety of restaurants and bars throughout the terminal.[163] Frames, a bowling alley (previously long known as Leisure Time Bowling) occupies a large space on the 2nd floor.[164] [165]

Restrooms

Men's and women's restrooms in the bus terminal have been the subject of media attention; the women's restroom on the second floor is the terminal's busiest. It acts as a makeup counter, frequented by crowds daily due to its lighting, large mirrors, and cleanliness, a noted contrast to the rest of the unpopular terminal.[166]

The men's restrooms are the subject of an ongoing lawsuit against the Port Authority's police department. The lawsuit exposed a trend of plainclothes officers targeting homosexual or effeminate men at the bus terminal's restrooms. Five officers, of about 1,700 in the department, were responsible for 70 percent of public lewdness arrests in 2014, the year the lawsuit was filed. Most of the arrests have been for masturbation; the lawsuit alleged most of the arrests are targeted at LGBT men who have not performed any wrongful acts.[167] [168] The Port Authority Police Department ended the practice in 2022.[169]

Companies

The Port Authority Bus Terminal is served by the following lines:[170]

Commuter lines

Airport buses

Intercity operators

Sightseeing

Connecting transport

Direct underground passageways connect the terminal with the of the New York City Subway at the and stations.[175] Several bus routes operated by New York City Bus, including the local buses and the Staten Island express buses, stop immediately outside the terminal.

In the last decade, numerous jitney routes serving Hudson and Passaic counties in northern New Jersey pick up passengers inside the bus terminal or on the street outside the terminal. Dollar vans operated by Spanish Transportation to Paterson and Community Lines jitneys to Journal Square use platforms on the lower level.[176] Routes to Bergenline Avenue/GWB Plaza, and Boulevard East depart from 42nd Street outside the bus terminal's North Wing.[177] [178] [179] [180] [181] [182]

In 2011, a controversy arose when Megabus, a long-distance carrier using double-decker buses, with the permission of the New York City Department of Transportation, began to use the streets and sidewalk at the terminal. The director of the PANYNJ, citing safety, as well as other long-haul companies (which paid rent to use the terminal) citing unfair competitive advantage, were opposed to the permission to allow the company use of 41st Street directly beneath the connection between the two wings of the Port Authority.[183] Despite these concerns and complaints, Megabus was initially permitted to stay.[184] However, the permission was withdrawn later that year.[185] Megabus now largely uses street-side stops near the Javits Center (for pickup) and Penn Station (for drop-off), except for a limited number of routes which use PABT.[186]

Capacity and overflow

PABT is the gateway for most bus and jitney traffic entering Manhattan[187] with more than 190,000 passengers on 6,000 bus trips made through the Lincoln Tunnel and terminal daily.[188] The Lincoln Tunnel Approach and Helix (Route 495) in Hudson County, New Jersey passes through a cut and descends the Hudson Palisades to the Lincoln Tunnel; PABT is located at the other end.[189] Starting in 1964, studies were conducted to address the feasibility of an exclusive bus lane (XBL) during the weekday morning peak period.[190] The XBL, first implemented in 1970, serves weekday eastbound bus traffic between 6 a.m. and 10 a.m. The lane is fed by the New Jersey Turnpike at Exits 16E and 17 and New Jersey Route 3. The helix, tunnel, and terminal are owned and operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ), the bi-state agency that also implements the 2.52NaN2 contraflow express bus left lane in three westbound lanes. The XBL serves over 1,800 buses and 65,000 bus commuters on regular weekday mornings and is a major component of the morning "inbound" commutation crossing the Hudson River.[191] [192] [193] [194] [195] Over 100 bus carriers utilize the Exclusive Bus Lane.[191] As of 2013, New Jersey Transit operates fifty-seven interstate bus routes through the Lincoln Tunnel, as do numerous regional and long-distance companies.[132]

Despite the XBL to the tunnel, there are often long delays due to congestion caused by the limited capacity of bus lanes for deboarding passengers at the bus terminal, which has reached its capacity. leading to re-routing and overflow on local streets[196] [197] In December 2011, the New Jersey Assembly passed a resolution calling upon the PANYNJ to address the issue of congestion.[188] Congestion contributed to a decline of the on-time performance of buses, which was 92 percent in 2012 and 85 percent in the first quarter of 2014. Thomas Duane, representing New York's 29th Senate District which includes the area around PABT, has also called for reduced congestion in the neighborhood.[126] [198] A consortium of regional transportation advocates, the Tri-State Transportation Campaign, have proposed a reconfiguration and expansion of the terminal, a PM westbound XBL, bus stops at other Manhattan locations, and a new bus storage depot.[198] A proposed bus garage in Midtown, so that daytime turnover buses could avoid unnecessarily traveling through the tunnel without passengers, was scrapped by the agency in October 2011.[199] [200] In May 2012, the commissioner of NJDOT suggested that some NJ Transit routes could originate/terminate at other Manhattan locations, notably the East Side; an arrangement requiring approval of the NYC Department of Transportation (NYCDOT) to use bus stops.[201]

External links

Notes and References

  1. Port Authority Development Team to Build 1.3 Million-Square-Foot Office Tower Above Bus Terminal . November 30, 2007 . Port Authority of NY & NJ . January 30, 2023 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20100527153209/http://www.panynj.gov/press-room/press-item.cfm?headLine_id=932 . May 27, 2010.
  2. Express Route to Better Bus Service How to Improve Bus Travel Across the Hudson River, and Beyond . May 2009 . Tri-State Transportation Campaign . The Port Authority Bus Terminal (PABT), in midtown Manhattan, is the largest and busiest bus passenger facility in the world. Used by both public and private bus carriers, the terminal has 223 bus gates, 1,250 spaces of public parking, along with commercial and retail space. . April 20, 2012 . August 16, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120816204121/http://mobilizingtheregion.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/pa-report_final.pdf . live .
  3. Web site: Haddon . Heather . Late Starts On N.J. Buses . The Wall Street Journal . 0099-9660 . September 4, 2012 . April 16, 2023 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150219002044/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10000872396390444301704577629643043633180 . February 19, 2015.
  4. News: Gray . Christopher . November 4, 2011 . A Bus Terminal, Overshadowed and Unmourned . en-US . The New York Times . April 16, 2023 . 0362-4331 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20120106002443/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/06/realestate/the-west-30s-streetscapes-a-bus-terminal-overshadowed-and-unmourned.html . January 6, 2012.
  5. Book: Federal Writers Project . New York A Guide to the Empire State . New York State Historical Association . 1940 . 9781603540315 . November 2, 2020 . April 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230418152722/https://books.google.com/books?id=TmbOZd4D-ccC&q=New+York:+A+Guide+to+the+Empire+State+bus+terminals&pg=PA249 . live .
  6. News: July 2, 1957 . Dixie Bus Depot Closes Its Doors After 29 Years . en-US . The New York Times . April 16, 2023 . 0362-4331 . September 7, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170907081213/http://www.nytimes.com/1957/07/02/archives/dixie-bus-depot-closes-its-doors-after-29-years.html . live .
  7. News: May 1, 1963 . Greyhound Starts Using the Port Authority Terminal . en-US . The New York Times . April 16, 2023 . 0362-4331 . April 16, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230416221418/https://www.nytimes.com/1963/05/01/archives/greyhound-starts-using-the-port-authority-terminal.html . live .
  8. News: 3 More Bus Lines Get Tube Permits; Present Service of 600 Trips Daily Through Lincoln Tunnel Will Be Doubled . March 19, 1939 . The New York Times . March 28, 2018 . en-US . 0362-4331 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180329053950/https://www.nytimes.com/1939/03/19/archives/3-more-bus-lines-get-tube-permits-present-service-of-600-trips.html . March 29, 2018.
  9. News: City Opposes Rise in Bus Travel Here; Petition to I.C.C. Protests Grants to Nine Applicants for Service to Midtown . April 1, 1939 . The New York Times . March 28, 2018 . en-US . 0362-4331 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180329062726/https://www.nytimes.com/1939/04/01/archives/city-opposes-rise-in-bus-travel-here-petition-to-icc-protests.html . March 29, 2018.
  10. News: Interstate Buses to Be Barred Here in Congested Zones; Mayor Orders Ban Effective on Jan. 1, 1941--To Include Interurban Carriers. December 11, 1939 . The New York Times . March 28, 2018 . en-US . 0362-4331 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180329063032/https://www.nytimes.com/1939/12/11/archives/interstate-buses-to-be-barred-here-in-congested-zones-mayor-orders.html . March 29, 2018.
  11. News: February 19, 1941 . v; Order Excluding Interstate and Interurban Lines Held in Excess of Police Power . en-US . The New York Times . live . March 29, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180329144139/https://www.nytimes.com/1941/02/19/archives/midtown-bus-ban-is-voided-by-court-order-excluding-interstate-and.html . March 29, 2018 . 0362-4331.
  12. News: Bus Survey Points to New Terminal; Port Authority, Acting at the Mayor's Request, Seeks to Provide Facilities . July 18, 1940 . The New York Times . March 29, 2018 . en-US . 0362-4331 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180329124136/https://www.nytimes.com/1940/07/18/archives/bus-survey-points-to-new-terminal-port-authority-acting-at-the.html . March 29, 2018.
  13. News: Huge Bus Terminal to Rise on 42d St. at $4,000,000 Cost; Bus Terminal Proposed for the Midtown Tunnel Transients . December 8, 1940 . The New York Times . March 29, 2018 . en-US . 0362-4331 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180329144206/https://www.nytimes.com/1940/12/08/archives/huge-bus-terminal-to-rise-on-42d-st-at-4000000-cost-bus-terminal.html . March 29, 2018.
  14. News: Isaacs Opens Fight for City Bus Tube; He Heads Group Asking for $600,000 to Build Tunnel to 42d St. Terminal . December 17, 1940 . The New York Times . March 29, 2018 . en-US . 0362-4331 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180329135554/https://www.nytimes.com/1940/12/17/archives/isaacs-opens-fight-for-city-bus-tube-he-heads-group-asking-for.html . March 29, 2018.
  15. News: City Enters Deal for Bus Terminal; Will Build Link to Lincoln Tunnel From Private Depot at 42d St. and 8th Ave. . 1941 . The New York Times . March 29, 2018 . en-US . 0362-4331 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180329124211/https://www.nytimes.com/1941/01/24/archives/city-enters-deal-for-bus-terminal-will-build-link-to-lincoln-tunnel.html . March 29, 2018.
  16. News: Bus Project Here is Aided by State; Planning Board Allots $180,000 for Port Authority Plans for $9,000,000 Terminal . June 7, 1944 . The New York Times . March 29, 2018 . en-US . 0362-4331 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180329124249/https://www.nytimes.com/1944/06/07/archives/bus-project-here-is-aided-by-state-planning-board-allots-180000-for.html . March 29, 2018.
  17. News: Bus Lines Get Plan for Union Station; Port Authority Project to Cost $13,000,000 Has Full Backing of 13, Support of Others Another Plea to Greyhound . March 13, 1945 . The New York Times . March 29, 2018 . en-US . 0362-4331 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180329124259/https://www.nytimes.com/1945/03/13/archives/bus-lines-get-plan-for-union-station-port-authority-project-to-cost.html . March 29, 2018.
  18. News: Mayor Urges Bus Depot Be Built Despite Opposition of Greyhound; Most Other Lines Have Approved Big Union Terminal, He Is Told--Warns He Will Fight Any 'Special Privilege' . November 21, 1945 . The New York Times . March 29, 2018 . en-US . 0362-4331 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180329124202/https://www.nytimes.com/1945/11/21/archives/mayor-urges-bus-depot-be-built-despite-opposition-of-greyhound-most.html . March 29, 2018.
  19. News: Bedolis . Robert A. . November 8, 1947 . Greyhound Drops Plan to Build New Terminal East of 8th Av: Bows to City's Opposition Without a Court Test; Won't Use Port Authority's New Terminal, Will Operate From 2 Present Stations . 1 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . .
  20. News: McConnell . David . 31 Jan 1947 . Port Authority Bus Terminal Project Wins: Estimate Board Adopts Plan by Mayor, Killing Greyhound's Proposal Big Midlown Depot To Cost $17,500,000 Site Is Between 8th and 9th Avs., 40th to 41st; Completion in '49 Seen . 1 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . .
  21. News: New Bus Terminal is Approved Here; to Cost $17,500,000 . Conklin . William R. . January 31, 1947 . The New York Times . March 29, 2018 . en-US . 0362-4331 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180329124235/https://www.nytimes.com/1947/01/31/archives/new-bus-terminal-is-approved-here-to-cost-17500000-board-of.html . March 29, 2018.
  22. News: Ingalls . Leonard . 16 Mar 1947 . Port Authority Buys First Land For Bus Station: Acquires Two Vacant Lots for West Side Terminal Between 40th and 41st . 1 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . .
  23. News: 1947-03-16 . Bus Depot Land Bought; Port Authority Gets 2 Parcels for Terminal in Forties . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-04-17 . 0362-4331 . April 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230418152741/https://www.nytimes.com/1947/03/16/archives/bus-depot-land-bought-port-authority-gets-2-parcels-for-terminal-in.html . live .
  24. News: 17 July 1947 . Municipal News: N.Y. Port Authority Awards $16.3 Million Terminal Bond Issue . 9 . The Wall Street Journal . 0099-9660 . .
  25. News: 1947-07-17 . Bus Depot Bonds Draw Close Bids; Port Authority Awards Issue of $16,350,000 at 1.4404% to Drexel-Glore Group . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-04-17 . 0362-4331 . April 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230418152735/https://www.nytimes.com/1947/07/17/archives/bus-depot-bonds-draw-close-bids-port-authority-awards-issue-of.html . live .
  26. Web site: Ingraham . Joseph C. . Roof Parking for 500 Cars Added to Bus Terminal Plan; Port Authority to Spend Extra $1,000,000 for New Facility -- 400 Tenants Still on Site Delay Start on Building . The New York Times . March 22, 1948 . March 30, 2018 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180330211551/https://www.nytimes.com/1948/03/22/archives/roof-parking-for-500-cars-added-to-bus-terminal-plan-port-authority.html . March 30, 2018.
  27. Web site: Bus Terminal Agreement; Last Industrial User Will Quit Site of Proposed Structure . The New York Times . April 9, 1948 . March 30, 2018 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180330212433/https://www.nytimes.com/1948/04/09/archives/bus-terminal-agreement-last-industrial-user-will-quit-site-of.html . March 30, 2018.
  28. News: 20 Nov 1948 . Port Authority Offers Homes to Ousted Families: 24 Apartments Available for Tenants Displaced for Union Bus Terminal Site . 2 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . .
  29. Web site: A Notable Ground-breaking . The New York Times . January 28, 1949 . March 30, 2018 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180330211427/https://www.nytimes.com/1949/01/28/archives/a-notable-groundbreaking.html . March 30, 2018.
  30. News: Kihss . Peter . January 28, 1949 . Ground Broken For Midtown Bus Terminal: Dewey, at the Ceremonies, Discloses His Efforts to Settle Idlewild Dispute . 1 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . .
  31. News: January 16, 1949 . Bus Terminal Excavation Will Start on Jan. 27: Cullman Says $20,000,000, Four-Level Building May Be Ready by July 1950 Sketch of Projected Eighth Avenue Bus Terminal . 3 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . .
  32. News: 1949-08-11 . New Shops Sought for Bus Terminal; Port Authority Invites Bids -- Bowling Alley, Laundry, Bank Suggested . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-04-17 . 0362-4331 . April 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230418152735/https://www.nytimes.com/1949/08/11/archives/new-shops-sought-for-bus-terminal-port-authority-invites-bids.html . live .
  33. News: November 24, 1949 . Steelwork is Raised for New Bus Station . en-US . The New York Times . April 15, 2023 . 0362-4331 . April 15, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230415234626/https://www.nytimes.com/1949/11/24/archives/steelwork-is-raised-for-new-bus-station.html . live .
  34. News: Price . Ben . November 24, 1949 . First Steel Column Set in Place For New Union Bus Terminal: Framework Rising on Port Authority Building To Be Ready Late in '50 . 2 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . .
  35. News: 1949-12-18 . Terminal Contract Let; Port Authority Accepts Turner Bid on Midtown Bus Station . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-04-17 . 0362-4331 . April 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230418152740/https://www.nytimes.com/1949/12/18/archives/terminal-contract-let-port-authority-accepts-turner-bid-on-midtown.html . live .
  36. News: 18 Dec 1949 . Bus Terminal Contract Is Let For $9,194,759: Superstructure To Be Built by Turner; Work To Be Done by November, '50 . 49 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . .
  37. News: 1950-03-10 . Steel Completed for Bus Terminal; 'Topping Off' the New Bus Terminal . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-04-17 . 0362-4331 . April 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230418152743/https://www.nytimes.com/1950/03/10/archives/steel-completed-for-bus-terminal-topping-off-the-new-bus-terminal.html . live .
  38. News: 1950-07-21 . Building Slowed as Strikes Go on; Deadlocks Seen in Walkouts of Steamfitters and Drivers-- Bus Terminal Is Affected No End to Deadlock Seen . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-04-17 . 0362-4331 . April 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230418152742/https://www.nytimes.com/1950/07/21/archives/building-slowed-as-strikes-go-on-deadlocks-seen-in-walkouts-of.html . live .
  39. News: 1950-11-02 . Midtown Bus Terminal, World's Largest, Completed on Schedule; Will Open Dec.15 . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-04-17 . 0362-4331.
  40. Web site: The New York Times . December 16, 1950 . New Bus Terminal Has Smooth Start; Coming Into the New Bus Terminal . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180330212747/https://www.nytimes.com/1950/12/16/archives/new-bus-terminal-has-smooth-start-coming-into-the-new-bus-terminal.html . March 30, 2018 . March 30, 2018 . The New York Times.
  41. News: December 15, 1950 . Bus Terminal's First Travelers Are Fresh Airs: 15 Children Off to Jersey Friendly Towns 9 Hours Before Official Opening . 25 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . .
  42. News: Ingraham . Joseph C. . January 22, 1949 . Only 50 Rentable Units Will Be Available in $20,000,000 Structure -- Passenger Comfort, Ice-Free Ramps Featured . en-US . The New York Times . April 15, 2023 . 0362-4331 . April 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230418152730/https://www.nytimes.com/1949/01/22/archives/only-50-rentable-units-will-be-available-in-20000000-structure.html . live .
  43. News: 1950-10-30 . No Ice at Bus Terminal; Pipes Under Concrete Ramps to Carry Thawing Solution . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-04-17 . 0362-4331 . April 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230418152725/https://www.nytimes.com/1950/10/30/archives/no-ice-at-bus-terminal-pipes-under-concrete-ramps-to-carry-thawing.html . live .
  44. News: Graham . Frederick . 1950-02-07 . Port Body Urges Helicopter Lines; Offers Field stop Its Bus Terminal; Port Body Urges Helicopter Lines; Offers Field Atop Its Bus Terminal . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-04-17 . 0362-4331 . April 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230418152724/https://www.nytimes.com/1950/02/07/archives/port-body-urges-helcopter-lines-offers-field-stop-its-bus-terminal.html . live .
  45. News: Talbert . Ansel E. . 7 Feb 1950 . Port Authority Proposes to Add Helicopter Roof to Bus Terminal . 1 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . .
  46. News: 1950-09-11 . Ramp Will Link Subway With New Bus Terminal . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-02-12 . 0362-4331.
  47. News: 14 Dec 1952 . Bus Terminal Gains 4 Million Riders in Year: 5,000 Buses Kept Off City Streets Daily; Revenue Up 71%, to $2,246,000 . 48 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . .
  48. News: Lescaze . Lee . 14 Nov 1977 . N. Y. C. Bus Station: A Terminal Illness . A4 . The Washington Post . 0190-8286 . .
  49. News: Fulbright . Newton H. . 9 Jan 1951 . 60 Cars Parked, Bus Terminal's Roof Holds 467: Lot Only Half Filled Once; Many Drivers Call Rates Too High for Midtown . 17 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . .
  50. News: 1951-04-27. 500-Car Parking Area Atop Bus Terminal Operating at Near Capacity After Slow Start. en-US. The New York Times. 2023-04-17. 0362-4331. April 18, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230418152713/https://www.nytimes.com/1951/04/27/archives/500car-parking-area-atop-bus-terminal-operating-at-near-capacity.html. live.
  51. News: 1951-03-11 . Truck Storage Allowed On Bus Terminal Roof . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-04-17 . 0362-4331 . April 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230418152741/https://www.nytimes.com/1951/03/11/archives/truck-storage-allowed-on-bus-terminal-roof.html . live .
  52. News: Alden . Robert . 1951-11-05 . Terminal Sparkle No Lick-'n'-dab Job; a Nightly Cleaning for Port Authority Bus Terminal . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-04-17 . 0362-4331 . April 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230418152744/https://www.nytimes.com/1951/11/05/archives/terminal-sparkle-no-lickndab-job-a-nightly-cleaning-for-port.html . live .
  53. News: 1955-12-15 . Port Authority Terminal 5 Years Old, Still in Red . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-04-17 . 0362-4331 . April 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230418152748/https://www.nytimes.com/1955/12/15/archives/port-authority-terminal-5-years-old-still-in-red.html . live .
  54. News: September 14, 1959 . Expansion is Set for Bus Terminal; $19,000,000 Port Authority Plan to Add Capacity With New Superstructure . en-US . The New York Times . April 16, 2023 . 0362-4331 . April 16, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230416221423/https://www.nytimes.com/1959/09/14/archives/expansion-is-set-for-bus-terminal-19000000-port-authority-plan-to.html . live .
  55. News: . Port Authority Plans New Floor Atop Bus Terminal . September 14, 1959 . 18 . New York Herald Tribune. 1941-0646.
  56. News: November 16, 1960 . Bus Depot Grows as Riders Watch; 20-Million Port Authority Work Goes On in Traffic . en-US . The New York Times . April 16, 2023 . 0362-4331 . April 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230418152748/https://www.nytimes.com/1960/11/16/archives/bus-depot-grows-as-riders-watch-20million-port-authority-work-goes.html . live .
  57. News: December 11, 1959 . Port Authority Widens 2 Plans; Additional Funds Approved for Piers at Elizabeth and Bus Terminal . en-US . The New York Times . April 16, 2023 . 0362-4331 . April 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230418152732/https://www.nytimes.com/1959/12/11/archives/port-authority-widens-2-plans-additional-funds-approved-for-piers.html . live .
  58. News: Stengben . Bernard . June 22, 1961 . Final 20-Ton Girder Is Hoisted 110 Feet to Bus Terminal Roof . en-US . The New York Times . April 16, 2023 . 0362-4331 . April 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230418152743/https://www.nytimes.com/1961/06/22/archives/final-20ton-girder-is-hoisted-110-feet-to-bus-terminal-roof.html . live .
  59. News: Robinson . Layhmond . June 22, 1960 . Port Authority Again Attacks Bus Terminal Fume Problem . en-US . The New York Times . April 16, 2023 . 0362-4331 . April 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230418152728/https://www.nytimes.com/1960/06/22/archives/port-authority-again-attacks-bus-terminal-fume-problem.html . live .
  60. News: November 22, 1960 . P. A. Garage To Get First 'Leg' Today: Bus Terminal Parking Project . 25 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . .
  61. News: MacGregor . Greg . March 20, 1961 . Bus Riders Await New Moving Stair; Opening Due Tomorrow at Port Authority Terminal . en-US . The New York Times . April 16, 2023 . 0362-4331 . April 16, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230416224739/https://www.nytimes.com/1961/03/20/archives/bus-riders-await-new-moving-stair-opening-due-tomorrow-at-port.html . live .
  62. News: August 10, 1961 . Port Authority Terminal Linked To Lincoln Tunnel by a Bridge . en-US . The New York Times . April 16, 2023 . 0362-4331 . April 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230418152731/https://www.nytimes.com/1961/08/10/archives/port-authority-terminal-linked-to-lincoln-tunnel-by-a-bridge.html . live .
  63. News: January 5, 1962 . Port Authority Raises 25 Million; Bonds Will Finance Work on Bridge, Bus Terminal . en-US . The New York Times . April 16, 2023 . 0362-4331 . April 16, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230416221422/https://www.nytimes.com/1962/01/05/archives/port-authority-raises-25-million-bonds-will-finance-work-on-bridge.html . live .
  64. News: Gossett . Carl T. . February 22, 1962 . Bus Terminal Ramps Ready But Not Parking Lots . en-US . The New York Times . April 16, 2023 . 0362-4331 . April 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230418152732/https://www.nytimes.com/1962/02/22/archives/bus-terminal-ramps-ready-but-not-parking-lots.html . live .
  65. News: Barrett . Tom . April 3, 1962 . New Midtown Parking Area--Ins and Outs . 25 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . .
  66. News: May 27, 1962 . 1,000 Parking Spots Open at Bus Station . en-US . The New York Times . April 16, 2023 . 0362-4331 . April 16, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230416224737/https://www.nytimes.com/1962/05/27/archives/1000-parking-spots-open-at-bus-station.html . live .
  67. News: April 15, 1963 . Loading Changed at Bus Terminal; New Level at 8th Ave. Goes Into Full Operation . en-US . The New York Times . April 16, 2023 . 0362-4331 . April 16, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230416221418/https://www.nytimes.com/1963/04/15/archives/loading-changed-at-bus-terminal-new-level-at-8th-ave-goes-into-full.html . live .
  68. News: Phillips . McCandlish . 1967-01-08 . Bus Terminal at Night: A Derelict's Haven; Bus Terminal at Night: Derelict Haven . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-04-16 . 0362-4331 . April 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230418152718/https://www.nytimes.com/1967/01/08/archives/bus-terminal-at-night-a-derelicts-haven-bus-terminal-at-night.html . live .
  69. News: Phillips . McCandlish . 1967-01-10 . Policemen Added at Bus Terminal; Six Assigned to Cut Down on Drifters Late at Night . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-04-16 . 0362-4331 . April 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230418152747/https://www.nytimes.com/1967/01/10/archives/policemen-added-at-bus-terminal-six-assigned-to-cut-down-on.html . live .
  70. News: Pace . Eric . 1966-04-16 . TV Keeps Eye on Bus Terminal; Newest 'Show' Helps Police in Building . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-04-16 . 0362-4331 . April 16, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230416230602/https://www.nytimes.com/1966/04/16/archives/tv-keeps-eye-on-bus-terminal-newest-show-helps-police-in-building.html . live .
  71. News: McFadden . Robert D. . 1969-10-20 . Hustlers Harass Bus Terminal; Hustlers Harassing City's Bus-Terminal Travelers . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-04-16 . 0362-4331 . April 16, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230416230600/https://www.nytimes.com/1969/10/20/archives/hustlers-harass-bus-terminal-hustlers-harassing-citys-busterminal.html . live .
  72. News: Montgomery . Paul L. . 1971-07-03 . Bus Terminal Awash With Travelers . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-04-19 . 0362-4331.
  73. News: Montgomery . Paul L. . 1971-10-15 . Bus Terminal Habitues Get Own Coffeehouse . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-04-22 . 0362-4331.
  74. News: Clark . Alfred E. . 1972-09-24 . Bus Terminal Will Start Taxi-Dispatching System on Tuesday . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-04-22 . 0362-4331.
  75. News: Burks . Edward C. . 1975-03-06 . Inquiry Urged on the Assigning Of Platforms at Bus Terminal . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-04-22 . 0362-4331.
  76. News: Burks . Edward C. . 1976-03-31 . Bus Terminal Expansion Is Pushed . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-04-22 . 0362-4331.
  77. News: 15 Nov 1977 . New York's 'Lost Terminal' . 19 . Newsday . 2574-5298 . .
  78. News: Burks . Edward C. . 1975-04-02 . Inquiry of Congestion Ordered At Bus Terminal in Midtown . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-04-22 . 0362-4331.
  79. News: 28 Mar 1975 . ICC to Take First Look At Bus-Terminal Service . 2 . The Wall Street Journal . 0099-9660 . .
  80. News: 9 May 1975 . New York, New Jersey To Expand Bus Depot . 11 . The Wall Street Journal . 0099-9660 . .
  81. News: 17 Jun 1975 . ICC Shelves Investigation Of Bus Station in New York . 43 . The Wall Street Journal . 0099-9660 . .
  82. News: 1977-12-10 . Trailways Ends Its Rent Strike At Port Authority Bus Terminal . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-04-23 . 0362-4331.
  83. News: 1978-05-28 . Trailways Assails Operation of Depot After 2 Are Slain . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-04-23 . 0362-4331.
  84. News: 1956-06-26 . 8th Ave. May Get Second Bus Depot; Real Estate Man Proposes to Build One Right Next to Port Authority Facility . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-04-17 . 0362-4331 . April 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230418152723/https://www.nytimes.com/1956/06/26/archives/8th-ave-may-get-second-bus-depot-real-estate-man-proposes-to-build.html . live .
  85. News: Fowler . Glenn . January 22, 1965 . Bus Terminal Planning Annex, With McGraw-Hill Office Space . en-US . The New York Times . April 16, 2023 . 0362-4331 . April 16, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230416224739/https://www.nytimes.com/1965/01/22/archives/article-3-no-title-bus-terminal-planning-annex-with-mcgrawhill.html . live .
  86. News: 1965-02-03 . Approval Is Seen For 8th Ave. Wing To Bus Terminal . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-04-16 . 0362-4331 . April 16, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230416230600/https://www.nytimes.com/1965/02/03/archives/approval-is-seen-for-8th-ave-wing-to-bus-terminal.html . live .
  87. News: 28 July 1970 . New York Port Authority Sets Bus Terminal Expansion . 31 . The Wall Street Journal . 0099-9660 . .
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