Mapoyo-Yabarana language explained
Mapoyo |
Nativename: | Mapoyo–Yavarana |
States: | Venezuela |
Region: | Suapure River |
Ethnicity: | 520 Mapoyo & Yabarana (2007) |
Extinct: | Last speaker of Pemono after 1998. A few semi-speakers of Mapoyo proper (2007), 20 Yabarana (1977) |
Ref: | e18 |
Familycolor: | American |
Fam1: | Carib |
Fam2: | Venezuelan Carib |
Fam3: | Mapoyo–Tamanaku |
Lc1: | mcg |
Ld1: | Mapoyo |
Lc2: | yar |
Ld2: | Yabarana |
Lc3: | pev |
Ld3: | Pémono |
Glotto: | mapo1245 |
Glottorefname: | Mapoyo–Yawarana |
Notice: | IPA |
Mapoyo, or Mapoyo–Yavarana, is a Carib language spoken along the Suapure and Parguaza Rivers, Venezuela. The ethnic population of Mapoyo proper is about 365. Yabarana dialect is perhaps extinct; 20 speakers were known in 1977. An additional dialect, Pémono,[1] was discovered in 1998. It was spoken by an 80-year-old woman and has since gone extinct.
Phonology
Consonants
- /h/ can be heard as a palatal [ç] when preceding a voiceless plosive.
- /n/ can be heard as a velar [ŋ] when preceding a velar /k/.
- /β/ can be heard as a voiced stop [b], when after a voiceless plosive or glottal /ʔ/.
- /s/ can be heard with an allophone of [ts] when word-initially, or after a glottal /ʔ/.
- /j/ can be heard as a voiced fricative [ʝ], when before a back vowel.
Vowels
- Sounds /i, u/ are reduced to [ɪ, ʊ] in syllable-final position.
- /ɘ/ is heard as a lower [ə] sound when preceding /h/, or following /β/.
- /a/ is heard as [ɑ] when occurring after an initial bilabial sound.[2]
References
External links
Notes and References
- Not the same as Pemon
- Book: Medina, Francia . Introducción a la Fonética y a la Fonología Mapoyo (Caribe) . Caracas: Universidad Central de Venezuela . 1997.