Ozone Park, Queens Explained

Ozone Park
Settlement Type:Neighborhood of Queens
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name: United States
Subdivision Type1:State
Subdivision Type2:City
Subdivision Name2:New York City
Subdivision Type3:County/Borough
Subdivision Name3:Queens
Subdivision Type4:Community District
Subdivision Name4:Queens 9, Queens 10[1] [2]
Population Total:21,376 (main section only)
Population As Of:2010 United States Census
Demographics Type1:Ethnicity (Census 2010)
Demographics1 Title1:Hispanic
Demographics1 Info1:37.9%
Demographics1 Title2:White
Demographics1 Info2:30.5%
Demographics1 Title3:Asian
Demographics1 Info3:19.4%
Demographics1 Title4:Black
Demographics1 Info4:5.6%
Demographics1 Title5:Other
Demographics1 Info5:6.6%
Demographics Type2:Economics
Demographics2 Title1:Median income
Demographics2 Info1:$41,291
Timezone:EST
Utc Offset:−05:00
Timezone Dst:EDT
Utc Offset Dst:−04:00
Postal Code Type:ZIP Codes
Postal Code:11416, 11417
Area Code Type:Area codes
Area Codes:718, 347, 929, and 917

Ozone Park is a neighborhood in the southwestern section of the New York City borough of Queens, New York, United States. It is next to the Aqueduct Racetrack in South Ozone Park, a popular spot for Thoroughbred racing and home to the Resorts World Casino & Hotel. Home to a large Italian-American population, Ozone Park has also grown in recent decades to have many residents of Caribbean, Hispanic, and Asian backgrounds.[3]

While New York City neighborhoods do not have formal boundaries, Ozone Park is considered to have a northern border at Atlantic Avenue; the southern border is North Conduit Avenue, the western border is the Brooklyn/Queens border line; and the eastern border is up to 108th Street and Aqueduct Racetrack.[4]

Ozone Park is in two community districts, divided by Liberty and 103rd Avenues. The southern half of the neighborhood is in Queens Community District 10,[2] which is covered by New York City Police Department's 106th Precinct, while the northern half is in Queens Community District 9[1] and covered by the NYPD's 102nd Precinct.[5] Its ZIP Codes are 11416 and 11417.[1] [2] [6]

Etymology

The name "Ozone Park" was chosen for the development to "lure buyers with the idea of refreshing breezes blowing in from the Atlantic Ocean to a park-like community".[7] At the time, ozone, now known to be a harmful pollutant at ground level, was popularly thought to be a healthful component of fresh air such as mountain or sea breezes.[8] [9]

History

Early history

An area now part of Ozone Park that pre-dated that community was called "Centreville". It was founded in the 1840s and was centered around Centreville Street and the Centreville Community Church. Part of Ozone Park is still called "Centreville".[10]

In the 1870s, two immigrants from France named Charles Lalance and Florian Grosjean established a factory in Woodhaven where they manufactured cooking materials and porcelain enamelware, but burned down in 1876.[11] Lalance and Grosjean built a second factory, as well as a hundred houses for workers, at Atlantic Avenue and 92nd Street in modern-day Ozone Park.[12]

During the 1870s, an economic depression caused residents of New York City to look for better housing opportunities in the suburbs of Manhattan and Brooklyn, where housing would be cheaper. In 1880, the New York, Woodhaven & Rockaway Railroad began service on the Montauk Branch and Rockaway Beach Branch from Long Island City to Howard Beach, Queens.[13] Two years later, two wealthy partners named Benjamin W. Hitchcock and Charles C. Denton bought plots of land around what would later become the Woodhaven Junction station.[14] The Rockaway Beach Branch's Ozone Park station opened in 1883.[15]

Advertisements for Ozone Park proclaimed that the development had "pure air" and "no malaria".[16] Ozone Park was called "the Harlem of Brooklyn" because at the time, as Harlem was a thriving Jewish and Italian neighborhood.[17] Hitchcock and Denton chose the "Ozone Park" name because in the 1880s, ozone was associated with breezes from the sea, and the Atlantic Ocean was located nearby.

Development

The Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company's Fulton Street elevated railroad line above Liberty Avenue opened in 1915, with a station at Lefferts Avenue (now Lefferts Boulevard). The elevated train system only charged a 5-cent fare.[18] The nickel fare was another major factor in the development of Ozone Park, as residents could travel across the entire elevated and subway system for 5 cents. After the opening of the elevated line, real estate developers began buying up all the lots on either side of Liberty Avenue in hopes the new station would attract more people to want to live in Ozone Park.

Extensive housing construction occurred in the 1920s. The houses featured enclosed front porches, open back porches and stained-glass windows in the living rooms. Most of the houses were single family detached or semi-detached (sharing a common wall, often called a twin or a semi) built to roughly the same plan, with the living room, dining room and kitchen all in line and three bedrooms and a bath upstairs. The stairs were usually in the dining room.

During the 1920s, Woodhaven Avenue was the main north–south artery in the area, though its southern terminus was at Liberty Avenue. In conjunction with the extension of Woodhaven Avenue to the Rockaway Peninsula, the avenue was widened to 150feet and renamed Woodhaven Boulevard.[19] The extension itself, named Cross Bay Boulevard, opened to traffic in 1925.[20]

Because Ozone Park was now more accessible by car, the land became much more valuable, leading to a construction boom . Between 1921 and 1930, Ozone Park saw a population increase of over 180% from 40,000 to 112,950 people.

With this increase in population came the need for schools and sources of entertainment. In response to this demand came the construction of John Adams High School in 1930. This school was built just as the construction boom slowed down and right before the Great Depression.[21] The 1,800-seat Cross-Bay Movie Theatre opened in December 1924, and a 2,000-seat theater at 102nd Street and Liberty Avenue was also built during this time.[19]

One area of Ozone Park is known as "The Hole", and includes the area bounded by 75th (Ruby) Street, South Conduit Avenue, 78th Street and Linden Boulevard. It is named as such because the houses in this area were built below grade, with a ground level that is 30feet lower than the surrounding area.[22] [23] The area is run-down, and suffers from frequent flooding.[24] In the 1930s, the city of New York decided to install sewers and sewer lines in Ozone Park to stop the flooding that had become a major problem. In order to install the sewers, the houses had to be raised almost an entire floor. Owners were given a stipend to raise their homes but some chose not to do so. The first floor in some of the non-raised homes subsequently became basements. In 2004, the New York City Department of Environmental Protection made plans to connect the neighborhood to the city's sewer system to combat the flooding by raising the land.

Later years

The Centreville Community Church merged with the United Methodist Church of Ozone Park in 1957 and a new church, the Community Methodist Church of Ozone Park, was built at the Southeast corner of Sutter Avenue and Cross Bay Boulevard. It was completed for Christmas 1958. The old church and the property that surrounded it were sold to Aqueduct Racetrack and the old, historic church was torn down in mid-1959.

The Lalance and Grosjean factory closed in the 1960s and was left to deteriorate over two decades. In 1981, the factory complex was designated as a New York City Landmark.[25] [26] What remains is now "adaptively reused" as a medical clinic. Only the factory's old clock tower remains.

In 1996, a scandal broke surrounding two Ozone Park Jewish cemeteries, Mokom Sholom Cemetery and Bayside Cemetery, which share a coterminous tract bounded by 80th and 84th Streets and Liberty and Pitkin Avenues (the adjoining Acacia Cemetery was not involved). Allegations of the re-using of graves of long-dead mostly infants and small children from the mid-to-late 19th century, for re-sale to recent Russian Jewish immigrants, were made against the owners of Mokom Sholom. In addition, Mokom Sholom and Bayside had also been damaged by a combination of vandals, grave-robbers, and self-styled necromancers, though the former was affected to a greater extent.[27] WABC-TV reported on damage to Mokom Sholom, while damage to Bayside was repaired through philanthropic efforts, headed by the late city councilman Al C. Stabile.

Demographics

Based on data from the 2010 United States census, the population of Ozone Park was 21,376, an increase of 324 (1.5%) from the 21,052 counted in 2000. Covering an area of, the neighborhood had a population density of 37.1PD/acre.[28]

The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 30.5% (6,511) White, 5.6% (1,188) African American, 0.4% (82) Native American, 19.4% (4,143) Asian, 0.0% (2) Pacific Islander, 2.6% (559) from other races, and 3.6% (779) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 37.9% (8,112) of the population.[29]

The entirety of Community Board 10, which comprises Howard Beach, southern Ozone Park (south of 103rd Avenue), and South Ozone Park, had 125,603 inhabitants as of NYC Health's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 81.7 years.[30] This is higher than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods.[31] [32] Most inhabitants are youth and middle-aged adults: 22% are between the ages of between 0–17, 28% between 25 and 44, and 28% between 45 and 64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 9% and 13% respectively.

As of 2017, the median household income in Community Board 10 was $73,891.[33] In 2018, an estimated 19% of Ozone Park and Howard Beach residents lived in poverty, compared to 19% in all of Queens and 20% in all of New York City. One in ten residents (10%) were unemployed, compared to 8% in Queens and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 56% in Howard Beach and South Ozone Park, higher than the boroughwide and citywide rates of 53% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation,, Ozone Park and Howard Beach are considered to be high-income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying.

Demographic changes

Since its beginnings, Ozone Park has been largely populated by various groups of immigrants. The first wave were French immigrants associated with a pot factory on Atlantic Avenue. Germans and the Irish made up a large part of Ozone Park in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Eventually Italians started to migrate into Ozone Park from East New York, Brooklyn. Most of the current Italians in the neighborhood are originally from Brooklyn. A significant Polish population also developed based around Saint Stanislaus Bishop and Martyr Roman Catholic Church and its associated elementary school.

At the turn of the 21st century immigrants from Latin America, South Asia (Bangladesh), the West Indies, and South America (Indo-Guyanese & Indo-Surinamese) moved in, adding a diverse atmosphere to the neighborhood, which is especially apparent along 101st Avenue and Liberty Avenue near the neighborhood's border with Richmond Hill. The neighborhood was largely Italian-American; however, these new arrivals have made Ozone Park become one of the fastest-growing and most ethnically diverse neighborhoods in New York City. There is a large Hispanic population in Ozone Park, mainly concentrated in the northern portion of the neighborhood near the Woodhaven border, and an African-American minority, spread throughout the neighborhood.

Residents vary from working class to middle class families, who own or rent private homes on the neighborhood's tree-lined residential streets.

Subsections

Census data from the late 18th century shows how Ozone Park was a sparsely populated neighborhood because of the lack of transportation. By 1915, the Fulton Street Line opened, connecting Ozone Park with the rest of New York City, thus starting the enormous influx by the Italians. Ozone Park then formed many smaller sub-neighborhoods with specific identities.

Other sections

Centreville, which still uses this name, is bordered by Aqueduct on the east, Cross Bay Boulevard on the west, North Conduit Avenue on the south, and Rockaway Boulevard on the north. Liberty Heights is a triangular area bordered by Liberty Avenue on the south, diagonal-running 101st Avenue (Jerome Avenue) from the southwest to the northeast, and Woodhaven Boulevard to the east. Balsam Village was named after Balsam Farms, which sold off parcels of land for development, and is bordered by Liberty Avenue and North Conduit Avenue on the north, 84th Street on the west, and Cross Bay Boulevard on the east.

Tudor Village, in southwestern Ozone Park, is extremely small, consisting of approximately two hundred and fifty homes; it spans only five residential streets and two avenues. Its population consists mostly of Italian Americans. Its residents consist of approximately six hundred people. The village was incorporated in the late 1800s and has since flourished. Tudor Village hosts suburban tree-lined streets with what is referred to as the "Tudor Malls" in its center, boasting floral arrangements throughout.

The village is also home to Tudor Park, a 20acres recreational park which features a baseball field, racquetball courts, picnic area, and a fountain as well as a playground. Located on the southeast end of the village are another baseball field and benches and shaded areas for resting. Tudor Village is on the border of Howard Beach.

Also inside of Ozone Park are areas named Magnolia Court (95th Street and 150th Road), Park Village (Tahoe Street and North Conduit Avenue), Kaybern Court (97-52 75th Street), Ozone Plaza (84-23 103rd Avenue), Dumont Village (Dumont Avenue and 85th Street), Greentree Condos (Albert Road and 95 Street), Albert Gardens (94-20 Albert Road), Newlyn Estates (85-22 Dumont Avenue), and Sterling Manor (105-25 88th Street).

Police and crime

Howard Beach, southern Ozone Park (south of 103rd Avenue), and South Ozone Park are patrolled by the 106th Precinct of the NYPD, located at 103-53 101 Street.[34] The 106th Precinct ranked 26th safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010. The rate of car thefts is high because of the area's proximity to the Belt Parkway, a major travel corridor.[35], with a non-fatal assault rate of 32 per 100,000 people, Howard Beach and South Ozone Park's rate of violent crimes per capita is less than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 381 per 100,000 people is lower than that of the city as a whole.

The 106th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 81.3% between 1990 and 2018. The precinct reported 6 murders, 16 rapes, 183 robberies, 246 felony assaults, 133 burglaries, 502 grand larcenies, and 97 grand larcenies auto in 2018.[36]

In the 1980s, the 106th Precinct became the source and scene of several police brutality incidents, including the stun gunning of high schooler Mark Davidson on April 17, 1985, who was arrested on marijuana possession charges.[37] One of the officers, Michael Aranda, accused of stun-gunning Davidson was later acquittedin 1991.[38]

Fire safety

New York City Fire Department (FDNY) fire station, Engine Co. 285/Ladder Co. 142, is located at 103-17 98th Street.[39]

Health

, preterm births are more common in Ozone Park and Howard Beach than in other places citywide, though births to teenage mothers are less common. In Howard Beach and South Ozone Park, there were 97 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 14.2 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide). Ozone Park and Howard Beach have a low population of residents who are uninsured. In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 8%, lower than the citywide rate of 12%.

The concentration of fine particulate matter, the deadliest type of air pollutant, in Ozone Park and Howard Beach is 0.0068mg/m3, less than the city average. Twelve percent of Ozone Park and Howard Beach residents are smokers, which is lower than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers. In Howard Beach and South Ozone Park, 27% of residents are obese, 19% are diabetic, and 34% have high blood pressure—compared to the citywide averages of 22%, 8%, and 23% respectively. In addition, 21% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%.

Eighty-three percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is less than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 77% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", about equal to the city's average of 78%. For every supermarket in Howard Beach and South Ozone Park, there are 8 bodegas.

The nearest major hospitals are Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center in Brooklyn[40] and Jamaica Hospital in Jamaica.[41]

Post office and ZIP Codes

Ozone Park is covered by the ZIP Code 11416 north of 103rd Avenue and 11417 south of 103rd Avenue.[42] The United States Post Office operates both zip codes out of the Ozone Park Station at 91-11 Liberty Avenue.[43]

Transportation

Numerous New York City Bus routes stop in the area, such as the . The runs through the neighborhood without stopping. The New York City Subway's IND Fulton Street Line and IND Rockaway Line also run through the neighborhood.

Politics and government

In the 2016 Presidential election, most precincts in Ozone Park voted for the Democratic Party candidate, Hillary Clinton, over her Republican Party opponent Donald Trump by a margin of over 50%.[44]

Ozone Park is split between 5th, and 7th. [45] These districts are represented by Gregory Meeks and Nydia Velazquez, respectively, .[46]

Ozone Park is part of the 10th,and 15th State Senate districts, represented by James Sanders Jr., and Joseph Addabbo Jr. respectively,[47] and the 23rd, 31st, and 38th State Assembly districts, represented by Stacey Pheffer Amato, Khaleel Anderson, and Jenifer Rajkumar respectively.[48] It is part of Districts 28, 29 and 32 in the New York City Council, respectively represented by Adrienne Adams Lynn Schulman and Joann Ariola.[49]

Education

Ozone Park and Howard Beach generally have a lower rate of college-educated residents than the rest of the city . While 28% of residents age 25 and older have a college education or higher, 23% have less than a high school education and 49% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 39% of Queens residents and 43% of city residents have a college education or higher. The percentage of Ozone Park and Howard Beach students excelling in math rose from 33% in 2000 to 61% in 2011, and reading achievement rose from 37% to 48% during the same time period.[50]

Ozone Park and Howard Beach's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is less than the rest of New York City. In Howard Beach and South Ozone Park, 18% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year, lower than the citywide average of 20%. Additionally, 82% of high school students in Ozone Park and Howard Beach graduate on time, more than the citywide average of 75%.

Schools

Public schools

Private schools

Closed schools

Library

The Queens Public Library operates the Ozone Park branch at 92-24 Rockaway Boulevard.[62]

In popular culture

Ozone Park has served as the setting and subject of numerous media works.

Film

Television

Notable events

Notable people

Notable current and former residents of Ozone Park include:

External links

40.68°N -73.85°W

Notes and References

  1. Web site: NYC Planning Community Profiles. communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov. New York City Department of City Planning. April 7, 2018.
  2. Web site: NYC Planning Community Profiles. communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov. New York City Department of City Planning. April 7, 2018.
  3. Lasky, Julie. "Ozone Park, Queens: A Congenial Area Welcomes a New Wave of Residents; In the past decade, the neighborhood has seen a 'tremendous transformation,' with new developments and an increasingly diverse population.", The New York Times, October 10, 2018. Accessed September 26, 2021. "In recent decades, Ozone Park has attracted Hispanics, East Asians, South Asians and Indo-Caribbeans. Stoop talk is in a mixed bouquet of languages, and the homemade signs tacked to utility poles are as likely to be in Bengali as English."
  4. Web site: 2008 Map of Queens neighborhoods . September 1, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080731085321/http://www.queensbp.org/content_web/map_boundaries.htm . July 31, 2008.
  5. Web site: NYPD – 102nd Precinct. www.nyc.gov. New York City Police Department. October 3, 2016.
  6. https://www.nyc.gov/site/cau/community-boards/queens-boards.page Queens Boards
  7. Shaman, Diana. "If You're Thinking of Living In/Ozone Park; Changing Faces, Enduring Values", The New York Times, October 5, 2003. Accessed August 30, 2018. "Housing development dates to the late 19th century, when two partners, Benjamin W. Hitchcock and Charles C. Denton, began carving farmland into building lots after the New York, Woodhaven & Rockaway Rail Road opened service in 1880 from Long Island City to Howard Beach. The developers chose the name Ozone Park to lure buyers with the idea of refreshing breezes blowing in from the Atlantic Ocean to a parklike community."
  8. Hill. L.. Flack. M.. The Physiological Influence of Ozone. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 28 December 1911. 84. 573. 404–415. 10.1098/rspb.1911.0086. 1911RSPSB..84..404H. free. "Ozone has been extolled as the active health-giving agent in mountain and sea air, its virtues have been vaunted as a therapeutic agent, until these have, by mere reiteration, become part and parcel of common belief; and yet exact physiological evidence in favour of its good effects has been hitherto almost entirely wanting."
  9. Pollak, Michael. "F.Y.I.: Real Money Men", The New York Times, May 29, 2009. Accessed August 30, 2018. "The name sprang from the fancy of two 19th-century developers, Benjamin W. Hitchcock and Charles C. Denton, who bought farmland and created building lots after a railroad opened in 1880 from Long Island City to Howard Beach. They decided to call their development Ozone Park to promote the idea of cool, clean breezes blowing in from the Atlantic Ocean. Fresh air is one of the meanings of ozone."
  10. http://forgotten-ny.com/2011/03/stuck-in-the-middle-of-centreville-in-ozone-park-queens/ Centreville
  11. Web site: Losses By Fire.; Destruction Of The Lalance And Grosjean Manufactory At Woodhaven,Long Island--Loss $400,000. . The New York Times . February 21, 1876 . July 20, 2018.
  12. Web site: Kennedy . Shawn G. . If You're Thinking Of Living In: Ozone Park . The New York Times . July 29, 1984 . July 20, 2018.
  13. News: New Route To Rockaway. Steel Rails And Superior Rolling Stock. Extra Trains To Be Run To-day . The New-York, Woodhaven and Rockaway Railroad, which began operations on Thursday last, has already grown into popular savor by reason of the comparative shortness of the route and the superior accommodation . . August 29, 1880 . November 5, 2012 .
  14. Web site: Shaman . Diana . If You're Thinking of Living In/Ozone Park; Changing Faces, Enduring Values . The New York Times . October 5, 2003 . July 20, 2018.
  15. News: . . A Grand Success. May 14, 1883. 1.
  16. News: . . Ozone Park. September 8, 1882. 3.
  17. News: . . Ozone Park. August 29, 1884. 3.
  18. Web site: NEW ELEVATED LINE OPENED FOR QUEENS; Parades and Speeches Near the Lefferts Avenue Station of Liberty Avenue Route. EXTENDS 5-CENT FARE ZONE Children's Placards with Demands for School Improvements a Surprise to Committee. . The New York Times . September 26, 1915 . July 20, 2018.
  19. News: . . Cross Bay Boulevard Completed in 1925 Gives Impetus to Seaside Development. December 7, 1924. 72.
  20. Staff. "Jamaica Bay Highway Ready This Month; New $7,000,000 Boulevard Will Be Open to Motorists the Week of Oct. 26.", The New York Times, October 11, 1925. accessed August 30, 2018. "The Jamaica Bay Boulevard, which will run from Liberty Avenue, Ozone Park, Queens, to Rockaway Beach, shortening the distance between the Rockaway peninsula and Manhattan and Brooklyn nearly ten miles, will be opened to public traffic late this month. When completed its cost will have been $6,935,972."
  21. News: CITY SPEEDS WORK ON 51 NEW SCHOOLS. 1930-08-06. The New York Times. 2019-11-13. en-US. 0362-4331.
  22. News: Echoes of the Wild West Mark an Urban Frontier. Fisher. Janon. October 17, 2004. The New York Times. September 7, 2015. 0362-4331.
  23. Web site: Brooklyn's Lost Neighborhood: The Hole. The L Magazine. October 27, 2010 . September 7, 2015.
  24. Web site: Two Water Tables. April 3, 2011. BLDGBLOG. September 26, 2012.
  25. Web site: Purnick . Joyce . Landmark Status Sought for Factory Site in Queens; Economic Factors Involved . The New York Times . July 9, 1980 . July 20, 2018.
  26. Web site: Landmarks Preservation Commission Hearing July 8, 1980. February 10, 1981. New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. July 20, 2018.
  27. Web site: Leduff . Charlie . 3 Cemeteries Are Haunted By Vandals . The New York Times . November 24, 1996 . November 17, 2018.
  28. http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/planning/download/pdf/data-maps/nyc-population/census2010/t_pl_p5_nta.pdf Table PL-P5 NTA: Total Population and Persons Per Acre — New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010
  29. http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/planning/download/pdf/data-maps/nyc-population/census2010/t_pl_p3a_nta.pdf Table PL-P3A NTA: Total Population by Mutually Exclusive Race and Hispanic Origin — New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010
  30. Web site: South Ozone Park and Howard Beach (Including Howard Beach, Lindenwood, Old Howard Beach, Ozone Park and South Ozone Park). 2018. nyc.gov. NYC Health. March 2, 2019.
  31. Web site: 2016-2018 Community Health Assessment and Community Health Improvement Plan: Take Care New York 2020. 2016. nyc.gov. New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. September 8, 2017.
  32. Web site: New Yorkers are living longer, happier and healthier lives. Short. Aaron. June 4, 2017. New York Post. March 1, 2019.
  33. Web site: NYC-Queens Community District 10--Howard Beach & Ozone Park PUMA, NY. Census Reporter. July 17, 2018. May 3, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150503052814/http://censusreporter.org/profiles/79500US3604113-nyc-queens-community-district-10-howard-beach-ozone-park-puma-ny/. dead.
  34. Web site: NYPD – 106th Precinct. www.nyc.gov. New York City Police Department. October 3, 2016.
  35. Web site: Ozone Park and Howard Beach – DNAinfo.com Crime and Safety Report. www.dnainfo.com. October 6, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20170415051020/https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/crime-safety-report/queens/south-ozone. April 15, 2017. dead.
  36. Web site: 106th Precinct CompStat Report. www.nyc.gov. New York City Police Department. July 22, 2018.
  37. Web site: New York Shaken By Charges Of Stun-Gun Torture By Police. Coakley. Michael. April 28, 1985. Chicago Tribune. November 17, 2018.
  38. Web site: 6 Years Later, Queens Officer Is Cleared in Stun-Gun Case. Fried. Joseph P.. June 4, 1991. The New York Times. November 17, 2018.
  39. Web site: Engine Company 285/Ladder Company 142. FDNYtrucks.com. March 7, 2019.
  40. http://www.health.ny.gov/health_care/medicaid/redesign/dsrip/pps_applications/docs/maimonides_medical_center/3.8_maimonides_cna.pdf New York City Health Provider Partnership Brooklyn Community Needs Assessment: Final Report
  41. Web site: Guide To Queens Hospitals. Finkel. Beth. February 27, 2014. Queens Tribune. March 7, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20170204185507/http://queenstribune.com/guide-to-queens-hospitals/. February 4, 2017. dead.
  42. Web site: Howard Beach, New York City-Queens, New York Zip Code Boundary Map (NY). United States Zip Code Boundary Map (USA). March 11, 2019. April 5, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220405035401/https://www.zipmap.net/New_York/Queens_County/Z_Howard_Beach.htm. dead.
  43. Web site: Location Details: Ozone Park. USPS.com. March 7, 2019.
  44. Web site: Bloch . Matthew . Buchanan . Larry . Katz . Josh . Quealy . Kevin . An Extremely Detailed Map of the 2016 Presidential Election . The New York Times . July 25, 2018 . November 17, 2018.
  45. http://www.latfor.state.ny.us/maps/2012c/CD_nyc.pdf New York City Congressional Districts
  46. Web site: House Election Results: Democrats Take Control . The New York Times . November 19, 2018 . November 19, 2018.
  47. Web site: 2012 Senate District Maps: New York City. The New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment. 2012. November 17, 2018.
  48. Web site: 2012 Assembly District Maps: New York City. The New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment. 2012. November 17, 2018.
  49. http://www.nyc.gov/html/dc/downloads/pdf/queens.pdf Current City Council Districts for Queens County
  50. Web site: S. Ozone Park / Howard Beach – QN 10. 2011. Furman Center for Real Estate and Urban Policy. October 5, 2016.
  51. Web site: PS 063 Old South . New York City Department of Education . November 17, 2018.
  52. Web site: PS 064 Joseph P. Addabbo . New York City Department of Education . November 17, 2018.
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  55. Web site: J.H.S. 210 Elizabeth Blackwell . New York City Department of Education . November 17, 2018 . November 17, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181117233732/https://www.schools.nyc.gov/schools/Q210 . dead .
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  61. Zambito, Thomas. "Catholic schools, convents and properties on the block as parishes struggle with debt", New York Daily News, September 26, 2011. Accessed September 23, 2021. "St. Stanislaus shut down four years ago when dwindling student populations forced a merger with nearby Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary school into the Divine Mercy Catholic Academy."
  62. Web site: Branch Detailed Info: Ozone Park. Queens Public Library. March 7, 2019.
  63. News: THE POPE'S VISIT: THE MASS;Sun Gilds Celebration At Aqueduct. Bruni. Frank. 1995-10-07. The New York Times. 2019-11-13. en-US.
  64. Shaman, Diana. "If You're Thinking of Living In/Ozone Park; Changing Faces, Enduring Values", The New York Times, October 5, 2003. Accessed September 23, 2021. "'It's a great community,' said Councilman Joseph P. Addabbo Jr., who represents Ozone Park and lives there with his wife, Dawn.... At the foot of the tree-shaded enclave, which stretches from North Conduit Avenue to Pitkin Avenue and from 81st to 87th Streets, lies the 2.8-acre Joseph P. Addabbo Park, named after Representative Addabbo, a lifelong resident of Ozone Park who served in Congress from 1960 until his death in 1986."
  65. Staff. "10 questions for Joseph Addabbo Jr.", New York Daily News, July 10, 2007. Accessed November 27, 2017. "A lawyer and life-long resident of Ozone Park, Addabbo was elected to the City Council in 2001."
  66. Martino, Andy. "Brooklyn product Pedro Beato will get New York homecoming with Mets on Friday opener at Citi Field", New York Daily News, April 7, 2011. Accessed November 27, 2017. "When the Mets announce their players before the home opener, the 24-year-old Beato will run onto the field, with friends and family in the stands. After the game, the rookie will return to the Ozone Park home he shares with his aunt and sister."
  67. Sutters Jr., Peter A. "Ozone Park astronaut to be on first shuttle since Columbia", Times Ledger, February 17, 2005. Accessed November 27, 2017. "Charles Camarda, 53, a graduate of Archbishop Molloy High School in Jamaica, will be one of seven astronauts who will be taking the first flight since 2003 when the space shuttle Columbia broke up re-entering the earth's atmosphere, killing all seven aboard."
  68. News: O'Donnell. Michelle. City People – Remember Then. The New York Times. May 11, 2003. November 11, 2007. ...at which members of long-forgotten groups like the Elegants (from Staten Island) and the Capris (Ozone Park, Queens) examined the Italian-American influence on doo-wop..
  69. Solaimani, Coveh. "Extreme Wrestling star not just amazing he’s Justin Credible", Statesville Record & Landmark, March 11, 2000. Accessed February 4, 2024, via Newspapers.com. "He has become ECW’s 'Hardcore Icon' and the eight-year veteran from Ozone Park, N.Y., is having a ball."
  70. http://www.hightech-mag.com/index.php/vip/2005/07/gerald-edelman-1972-nobel-prize-in-physiology-and-medicine/ Gerald Edelman - 1972 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine
  71. https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/01/obituaries/elizabeth-eden-transsexual-who-figured-in-1975-movie.html "Elizabeth Eden, Transsexual Who Figured in 1975 Movie"
  72. Gaffney, Adrienne. "Q&A: *Twilight'*s Peter Facinelli", vanity Fair (magazine), November 2, 2008. Accessed November 27, 2017. "Hometown? Ozone Park, Queens. Now I live in Los Angeles, in Taluca Lake."
  73. Terrazzano, Lauren. "Flaherty, Mary J. (2/7/1926 - 3/30/2000)", All-American Girls Professional Baseball League.. Accessed November 27, 2017. "Born in South Ozone Park, Queens, she moved to Hicksville in 1978 and subsequently moved to East Patchogue."
  74. Huang, Paul. "John Frascatore beefs up Lions' pitching", Taipei Times, August 15, 2003. Accessed October 18, 2007. "Contributing four of those 10 wins is former major leaguer John Frascatore of Ozone Park, New York (4-2 with a 2.05 ERA)."
  75. http://archives.cnn.com/2002/US/06/10/john.gotti/ 'Dapper Don' John Gotti dead: Brought down by the Bull
  76. http://sabr.org/bioproj/person/0297e628 Neal Heaton
  77. News: Carol Heiss Gains 3d World Crown in Figure Skating – Ozone Park Girl Adds to Her Compulsory Phase Lead in Free-Style Exhibition. The New York Times. February 16, 1958. August 30, 2018. Carol Heiss of Ozone Park, Queens, Miss Personality of the ice, skated off with her third world figure skating championship tonight with a perfectly-executed freestyle exhibition..
  78. News: My Vocation Story . Keighron . Robert . Vocation News . Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn . July 9, 2012 .
  79. Web site: Queens Tribune . October 19, 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100302111814/http://www.queenstribune.com/feature/OnTheRoadinQueensJackKerou.html . March 2, 2010 .
  80. Web site: The Wizard of Ozone Park . March 13, 2011.
  81. News: Hoffman. Jan. Public Lives – She Just Wanted to Have Fun. And She's Having It.. The New York Times. December 31, 2003. October 10, 2007. She found simpatico musicians to help her repossess the songs that reverberated through her childhood block in Ozone Park, Queens. And she felt ready to celebrate a lifetime of spirited dancing..
  82. Saunders, Jeraldine. "Astrology", Corvallis Gazette-Times, December 2, 2013. Accessed April 8, 2022, via Newspapers.com. "Actor Joe Lo Truglio was born in Ozone Park Queens New York on this day in 1970."
  83. http://www.artshound.com/?app=eventDetail&id=2051 Artshound.com biography of Bernadette Peters
  84. https://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/27/nyregion/a-playwright-finds-there-s-life-between-heaven-and-earth.html "A Playwright Finds There's Life Between Heaven and Earth"
  85. Ferber, Lawrence. "Tom Postilio & Mickey Conlon: Gay Couple & Top Real Estate Brokers", Passport Magazine. Accessed October 18, 2021. "The two may well have crossed paths years earlier, in the literal sense, perhaps even as children. Postilio was raised in Ozone Park, Queens and Conlon about a dozen miles away in Long Island (he’s purged the accent)."
  86. https://www.newsday.com/long-island/obituaries/john-santucci-dies-former-queens-da-was-85-p37457 John Santucci dies; former Queens DA was 85
  87. Novakovich, Lilana. "Fans are beaming up Scotti", The Province, October 17, 1997. Accessed October 18, 2021, via Newspapers.com. "Scotti was born in Ozone Park, Queens, youngest of four kids. He left home at 16, headed for Tokyo with a modelling contract in his luggage."
  88. Goba, Kadia. "FDNY Chief Ronald Spadafora, 63, dies of 9/11-related illness", Newsday, July 13, 2018. Accessed October 18, 2021. "Born in Ozone Park, Spadafora attended Bishop Loughlin Memorial High School in Brooklyn, where his brother said he was a track star."
  89. https://council.nyc.gov/district-32/ Eric A. Ulrich
  90. News: Connelly. Sherryl. Surviving the Inferno – The vital memoir of NYC's ex-Fire Commissioner. Daily News (New York). July 28, 2002. January 18, 2009. After relating such immediate events, the book, which will be in stores Aug. 6, recounts Von Essen's life story. It's that of a boy from Ozone Park, Queens, who was adrift until he joined the Fire Department in 1970 at age 24..

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