Oxynoemacheilus frenatus explained

Oxynoemacheilus frenatus, the banded Tigris loach, is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Oxynoemacheilus.[1] This species is widespread in the upper drainage basin of the Tigris in Turkey, Syria and Iraq where it can be locally very common. It can be found in habitats varying from streams with a moderately fast current to near standing waters in springs, streams and rivers which have beds of gravel or mud. Academically speaking, it inhabits fast-flowing streams and rivers with rocky substrates.[2]

Taxonomy

Oxynoemacheilus frenatus was first described by the ichthyologist Karl Kessler in 1877. It belongs to the genus Oxynoemacheilus, which includes several species of small, benthic fishes found in the Middle East and Central Asia.[3]

Physical description

Oxynoemacheilus frenatus is a small, elongated fish, typically reaching lengths of up to 8 cm. It has a streamlined body adapted to life in fast-flowing waters, with a pale brown coloration and dark mottled patterns that provide camouflage against the riverbed.[4]

Habitat and Distribution

This species is endemic to the river systems of Turkey, particularly in the Anatolian Peninsula. It prefers fast-flowing, oxygen-rich streams with rocky or gravel substrates, where it can find shelter among the stones and feed on small invertebrates.[5]

Behaviour and Ecology

Oxynoemacheilus frenatus is a benthic species, meaning it spends most of its time on or near the bottom of the water body. It is known for its agility in navigating rocky substrates and its ability to cling to surfaces in strong currents. Its diet consists primarily of small invertebrates and organic detritus.[6]

Reproduction

The breeding season for Oxynoemacheilus frenatus occurs in late spring and early summer. Females lay eggs in hidden crevices among the rocks, where the eggs are protected from predators and strong currents. The eggs hatch into free-swimming larvae after a few days.[7]

Conservation status

Oxynoemacheilus frenatus is currently listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, but its populations are potentially threatened by habitat destruction, water pollution, and river damming. Conservation efforts are needed to ensure the preservation of its natural habitats and biodiversity.[8]

Notes and References

  1. Kottelat, M. (2012): Conspectus cobitidum: an inventory of the loaches of the world (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cobitoidei). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Suppl. No. 26: 1-199.
  2. Web site: 2013-01-09 . Oxynoemacheilus frenatus: Freyhof, J. . 2024-07-23 . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  3. Ganyukova . A.I. . Drachko . D.O. . Malysheva . M.N. . Frolov . A.O. . Agasoi . V.V. . Smirnov . P.A. . Kostygov . A.Yu. . 2024 . High prevalence of Trypanosoma theileri-like trypanosomes and scarcity of monoxenous trypanosomatids in tabanids of Northwestern Russia . Protistology . 1 . 10.21685/1680-0826-2024-18-1-1 . 1680-0826. free .
  4. CEYHAN . TEVFİK . AKYOL . OKAN . ERDEM . MUSTAFA . 2009-01-01 . Length-Weight Relationships of Fishes from Gökova Bay, Turkey (Aegean Sea) . Turkish Journal of Zoology . 10.3906/zoo-0802-9 . 1303-6114.
  5. Lauritsen . Diane D. . December 1992 . Zoogeography of Fresh Waters. Volume 2. Distribution and Dispersal of Freshwater Animals in North America and Eurasia. Petru-Bănărescu . Journal of the North American Benthological Society . 11 . 4 . 438–438 . 10.2307/1467568 . 0887-3593.
  6. Carriol . René-Pierre . 2001 . Crustacés Cirripèdes actuels du Muséum D'Histoire naturelle de Lyon . Cahiers scientifiques du Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Lyon - Centre de conservation et d'étude des collections . 2 . 1 . 5–17 . 10.3406/mhnly.2001.1313 . 1627-3516.
  7. Turan . Davut . Kaya . Cüneyt . Kalayci . Gökhan . Bayçelebi . Esra . Aksu . İsmail . 2019-02-21 . Oxynoemacheilus cemali, a new species of stone loach (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) from the Çoruh River drainage, Turkey . Journal of Fish Biology . 94 . 3 . 458–468 . 10.1111/jfb.13909 . 0022-1112.
  8. Page . Lawrence M. . 2008-09-10 . Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes Maurice Kottelat, Jörg Freyhof . Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes. 2007. Kottelat. Cornol, Switzerland. Freyhof. Berlin, Germany. ISBN: 978-2-8399-0298-4. 646 p. $130.00 (hardcover). . Copeia . 2008 . 3 . 725–727 . 10.1643/ot-08-098a.1 . 0045-8511.

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